Powder metallurgy is an attractive method for cost effective production of near net shape Ti-Nb alloys, and, when elemental powders and coarse HDH powders are used, a higher flexibility in alloy composition and low processing costs can be achieved. In this study, manufacturing of (α+β) Ti-Nb alloys by powder metallurgical techniques using coarse HDH Nb (D50= 110 μm and D50= 255 μm) and HDH Ti (D50= 22.6 μm) powders as starting materials was described. Tape casting was applied for the production of porous sheets while warm compaction of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) feedstock was applied for the production of dense parts. Microstructural and mechanical tests were employed to investigated the effect of coarse Nb powders on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties. Tape casting enabled to produce porous sheets of Ti16Nb alloy with an interconnected porosity varying from 14 - 31 vol.%. Warm compaction enabled to produce Ti-Nb parts with less than 2% porosity and Yield strength in compression of 975-1100 MPa, which is similar to the values reported for Ti-Nb based alloys produced by powder metallurgy of finer powders. A dynamic Young’s Modulus of 37-52 GPa, significantly lower than that of cp-Ti was achieved. These results might provide guidelines for the use of coarse Nb powders as starting materials for the powder metallurgical development of low-cost Ti-Nb based alloys. TiNb used achieved study α+β αβ α β (α+β D50 D (D50 11 25 226 22 6 22. described MIM (MIM properties 1 3 vol vol.% 2 9751100 975 1100 975-110 MPa Youngs Young s 3752 37 52 37-5 GPa cpTi cp lowcost D5 (D5 vol. 975110 97 975-11 375 5 37- (D 97511 9 975-1 9751 975-

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the evolution of the availability of information and communication technology equipment and inputs in primary health care services that participated in the external evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement Program in Primary Care and its distribution according to context characteristics social and geographic. Methods: Cross-sectional study, analyzed the distribution of information and communication technology equipment in basic health units in Brazil, during the three cycles (2012 to 2018) of the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care. The variables were examined at the municipal level and stratified by geopolitical region. Univariate analysis was performed, using the chi-square test and testing the distributions of exposures among themselves and between the outcome and exposures. Results: The availability of information and communication technology equipment increased from 9.4% (2012) to 17.5% (2018), with emphasis on the Southeast and South regions, in municipalities with a population size of up to 10,000 inhabitants², with greater family health coverage and high/very high HDI-M. Over the period from 2012 to 2018, basic units joined the program and increased availability of information and communication technologies, such as Internet access, which ranged from 45.2% (n=6,249) to 74.0% (n=21,423), with emphasis on the Northeast region, which increased from 19.1% (n=970) to 58.8% (n=7,087). Conclusion: Investment in technologies and constant evaluation of primary care in the country is necessary, contributing to its strengthening. Objective geographic Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional study Brazil (201 2018 region performed chisquare chi square Results 94 9 4 9.4 175 17 5 17.5 , (2018) regions 10000 10 000 10,00 inhabitants² inhabitants highvery very HDIM. HDIM HDI M. M HDI-M 201 access 452 45 2 45.2 n=6,249 n6249 n 6 249 (n=6,249 740 74 0 74.0 n=21,423, n21423 n=21,423 21 423 (n=21,423) 191 19 1 19.1 n=970 n970 970 (n=970 588 58 8 58.8 n=7,087. n7087 n=7,087 . 7 087 (n=7,087) Conclusion necessary strengthening (20 9. 17. (2018 1000 00 10,0 20 45. n=6,24 n624 24 (n=6,24 74. n2142 n=21,42 42 (n=21,423 19. n=97 n97 97 (n=97 58. n708 n=7,08 08 (n=7,087 (2 100 10, n=6,2 n62 (n=6,2 n214 n=21,4 (n=21,42 n=9 n9 (n=9 n70 n=7,0 (n=7,08 ( n=6, n6 (n=6, n21 n=21, (n=21,4 n= (n= n7 n=7, (n=7,0 n=6 (n=6 n2 n=21 (n=21, (n n=7 (n=7, n=2 (n=21 (n=7 (n=2

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a evolução da disponibilidade de equipamentos e insumos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde que participaram da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica e sua distribuição de acordo com características do contexto social e geográfico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que analisou a distribuição de equipamentos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nas unidades básicas de saúde do Brasil, durante os três ciclos (2012 a 2018) do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica. As variáveis foram examinadas no nível dos municípios e estratificadas por região geopolítica. Realizou-se análise univariada, com o uso do teste χ2 e teste das distribuições das exposições entre si e entre o desfecho e as exposições. Resultados: A disponibilidade do conjunto de equipamentos de tecnologias de informação e comunicação evoluiu de 9,4% (2012) para 17,5% (2018), com destaque às Regiões Sudeste e Sul, em municípios com porte populacional de até 10 mil hab.², com maior cobertura de saúde da família e índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal — IDH-M alto/muito alto. Ao longo do período de 2012 a 2018, houve adesão de unidades básicas ao programa e aumento na disponibilidade de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como o acesso à internet, que foi de 45,2% (n=6.249) a 74,0% (n=21.423), com destaque para a Região Nordeste com aumento de 19,1% (n=970) a 58,8% (n=7.087). Conclusão: São necessários o investimento em tecnologias e a constante avaliação da atenção primária no país, contribuindo para seu fortalecimento. Objetivo geográfico Métodos transversal Brasil (201 2018 geopolítica Realizouse Realizou se univariada χ Resultados 94 9 4 9,4 175 17 5 17,5 , (2018) Sul 1 hab² hab ² hab.² IDHM IDH M altomuito alto muito 201 internet 452 45 2 45,2 n=6.249 n6249 n 6 249 (n=6.249 740 74 0 74,0 n=21.423, n21423 n=21.423 21 423 (n=21.423) 191 19 19,1 n=970 n970 970 (n=970 588 58 8 58,8 n=7.087. n7087 n=7.087 . 7 087 (n=7.087) Conclusão país fortalecimento (20 9, 17, (2018 hab. 20 45, n=6.24 n624 24 (n=6.24 74, n2142 n=21.42 42 (n=21.423 19, n=97 n97 97 (n=97 58, n708 n=7.08 08 (n=7.087 (2 n=6.2 n62 (n=6.2 n214 n=21.4 (n=21.42 n=9 n9 (n=9 n70 n=7.0 (n=7.08 ( n=6. n6 (n=6. n21 n=21. (n=21.4 n= (n= n7 n=7. (n=7.0 n=6 (n=6 n2 n=21 (n=21. (n n=7 (n=7. n=2 (n=21 (n=7 (n=2

Abstract A 45-day feeding assay was carried out to evaluate the effects of crescent levels of dephytinized rice bran protein concentrate (DRBPC) on growth performance, nutrient deposition, plasma and liver parameters of jundiá Rhamdia quelen. Five experimental diets were formulated with inclusion of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, and 30% of DRBPC. In total 500 jundiás (initial body weight 6.28 ± 0.12 g) were allocated in 20 tanks (230 L) to give four groups for each treatment. Fish were fed to apparent satiation for 45 days. Weight gain and specific growth rate were evaluated by cubic regression analysis (P < 0.05) and displayed maximal growth on the inclusion level of 25% of DRBPC. The results indicated that fish fed DRBPC15 and DRBPC30 had lower body protein deposition and hepatosomatic index compared to CONTROL diet, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were assessed in plasma parameters. The alanine aminotransferase activity was higher in fish fed DRBPC30 compared to CONTROL group. The present study has demonstrated that DRBPC displayed significant nutritional quality for the jundiá. Thus, this new ingredient could be included as a protein source in fish for minimizing the use of fish meal. 45day day (DRBPC performance quelen control, control , (control) 10 15 30 50 initial 628 6 28 6.2 012 12 0.1 g 2 230 (23 L treatment 4 days P 0.05 005 05 25 DRBPC1 DRBPC3 diet respectively group Thus meal (control 1 3 5 62 6. 01 0. 23 (2 0.0 00 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a evolução da disponibilidade de equipamentos e insumos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde que participaram da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica e sua distribuição de acordo com características do contexto social e geográfico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que analisou a distribuição de equipamentos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nas unidades básicas de saúde do Brasil, durante os três ciclos (2012 a 2018) do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica. As variáveis foram examinadas no nível dos municípios e estratificadas por região geopolítica. Realizou-se análise univariada, com o uso do teste χ2 e teste das distribuições das exposições entre si e entre o desfecho e as exposições. Resultados: A disponibilidade do conjunto de equipamentos de tecnologias de informação e comunicação evoluiu de 9,4% (2012) para 17,5% (2018), com destaque às Regiões Sudeste e Sul, em municípios com porte populacional de até 10 mil hab.², com maior cobertura de saúde da família e índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal — IDH-M alto/muito alto. Ao longo do período de 2012 a 2018, houve adesão de unidades básicas ao programa e aumento na disponibilidade de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como o acesso à internet, que foi de 45,2% (n=6.249) a 74,0% (n=21.423), com destaque para a Região Nordeste com aumento de 19,1% (n=970) a 58,8% (n=7.087). Conclusão: São necessários o investimento em tecnologias e a constante avaliação da atenção primária no país, contribuindo para seu fortalecimento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the evolution of the availability of information and communication technology equipment and inputs in primary health care services that participated in the external evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement Program in Primary Care and its distribution according to context characteristics social and geographic. Methods: Cross-sectional study, analyzed the distribution of information and communication technology equipment in basic health units in Brazil, during the three cycles (2012 to 2018) of the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care. The variables were examined at the municipal level and stratified by geopolitical region. Univariate analysis was performed, using the chi-square test and testing the distributions of exposures among themselves and between the outcome and exposures. Results: The availability of information and communication technology equipment increased from 9.4% (2012) to 17.5% (2018), with emphasis on the Southeast and South regions, in municipalities with a population size of up to 10,000 inhabitants², with greater family health coverage and high/very high HDI-M. Over the period from 2012 to 2018, basic units joined the program and increased availability of information and communication technologies, such as Internet access, which ranged from 45.2% (n=6,249) to 74.0% (n=21,423), with emphasis on the Northeast region, which increased from 19.1% (n=970) to 58.8% (n=7,087). Conclusion: Investment in technologies and constant evaluation of primary care in the country is necessary, contributing to its strengthening.

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated the increasing interest in using insects for the extraction of bioactive compounds, particularly peptides. These compounds offer a spectrum of beneficial physiological effects. The aim of this study was to standardize a methodology for obtaining bioactive peptides from Tenebrio molitor and evaluate its physicochemical characterization, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. Six assays were carried out to hydrolyse larvae protein, with variations in Alcalase concentration (0.04 to 0.08%) and reaction time (3 to 8 h). The results indicated that the process applied to defatted mealworm flour was effective in reducing lipids by 82.5%. Consequently, it was an observed increase of 38.4% in protein content. Additionally, an increase in glycogen content was found in defatted mealworm flour (177 µmol glucose g-1 sample) and peptides (152.81 µmol glucose g-1 sample). The degree of hydrolysis was higher in assays with longer hydrolysis durations (8.14 - 8.38%). The antioxidant capacity was 12 to 14% lower in assays with an incubation time of 8h. In this sense, the methodology proposed in the present study proved to be efficient in obtaining bioactive peptides from T. molitor. effects characterization potential 0.04 004 0 04 (0.0 0.08% 008 08 3 ( h. h . h) 825 82 5 82.5% Consequently 384 38 4 38.4 Additionally 177 (17 g1 g 1 g- sample 152.81 15281 152 81 (152.8 sample. 8.14 814 14 (8.1 8.38%. 838 8.38% 8.38%) 8h sense T 0.0 00 (0. 0.08 82.5 38. 17 (1 152.8 1528 15 (152. 8.1 (8. 83 8.38 0. (0 82. 152. (152 8. (8 8.3 (15

ABSTRACT Downy mildew (Plamopora viticola) is one of the major problems to produce wine grapes in Brazil, a main cause of yield losses in the Southern region of the country. An alternative to the use of pesticides is the use of resistant varieties (PIWI): wine grapes combining high oenological potential and resistance to diseases. The goal of this work was to assess the vegetative and productive performance and maturation of three PIWI varieties (‘Felicia’, ‘Calardis Blanc’ and ‘Helios’) produced at altitudes of 840m and 1250m in the 2020, 2021 and 2022 vintages. The study is focused on four phenological stages: budbreak (BBCH 7), full bloom (BBCH 65), veraison (BBCH 81) and maturity/harvest (BBCH 89). The criteria for measuring the productive performance were, the number of clusters, average cluster weight, production per plant, yield and Ravaz index. As parameters for technological and phenolic maturation, pH, soluble solids, total acidity and total polyphenols were evaluated. The budbreak occurred at the end of August until the second fortnight of September, the flowering occurred in the second week of October, the veraison occurred during the month of December, and the maturity/harvest occurred from the second fortnight of January until the beginning of February. The earliest budbreak occurred with ‘Felicia’ in the vineyard at 1250m and the latest occurred with ‘Calardis Blanc’. Regardless of the vineyard altitude, there was practically no difference in the flowering date between varieties and the vineyards altitude, the veraison and the maturity/harvest occurred earlier in the vineyard at 840m. The varieties produced at 840 m had a shorter cycle and proved to be more productive when compared to those produced at 1250 m. The studied varieties showed good phenological adaptation, high yield and maturation indices suitable for the production of quality still and sparkling white wines at both altitudes. From the results obtained, ‘Felicia’ and ‘Calardis Blanc’ seem to be the most promising varieties for cultivation in both altitude ranges. Plamopora viticola Brazil country (PIWI) diseases ‘Felicia, Felicia ‘Felicia , (‘Felicia’ Calardis Blanc ‘Helios Helios ‘Helios’ 2020 202 vintages stages BBCH 7, 7 7) 65, 65 65) 81 maturityharvest maturity harvest 89. 89 . 89) clusters weight plant index pH solids evaluated September October December February Blanc. 84 125 adaptation obtained ranges (PIWI (‘Felicia 20 6 8 12 2 1

RESUMO O Míldio (Plasmopora viticola) é um dos grandes problemas para a produção de uvas viníferas (Vitis vinifera) no Brasil, principalmente na região Sul, podendo causar perdas de até 100% da produção. Além do uso de defensivos para o tratamento dessadoença,uma alternativa é a utilização de variedade resistentes (PIWI), que sãoconsideradas uvas viníferas por apresentar alto potencial enológico aliado a resistência adoenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho vegetativo, produtivo e a maturação de três variedades PIWI (‘Felicia’, ‘Calardis Blanc’ e ‘Helios’) produzidas em Videira (840m) eÁgua Doce (1250m) nas safras 2020, 2021 e 2022. Os estádios fenológicos avaliados forambrotação(BBCH 7), plena floração (BBCH 65), mudança de cor das bagas (BBCH 81) ematuridade/ colheita (BBCH 89). Para o desempenho produtivo foram avaliados o número de cachos,massa média de cachos, produção por planta, produtividade e índice de Ravaz.Para os parâmetros de maturação tecnológica e fenólica avaliou-se pH, teor de sólidos solúveis,acidez total e polifenóis totais. A brotação ocorreu no final de agosto até a segundasemana de setembro, a floração ocorreu na segunda quinzena de outubro, a mudança de cor ocorreu ao longo do mês de dezembro, e a maturidade/colheita ocorreu a partir da segunda quinzena de janeiro até o início de fevereiro. A brotação mais precoce aconteceu com a‘Felicia’ no vinhedo a 1250m e a mais tardia para a ‘Calardis Blanc’, independente daaltitude do vinhedo,praticamente não houve diferença na data de floração entre as variedades e aaltitude dos vinhedos, a mudança de cor e a maturidade/colheita foram mais precoces no vinhedo a 840m. As variedades produzidas em 840 m tiveram um ciclo mais curto edemonstraram ser mais produtivas quando comparadas às produzidas em 1250m. As variedadesestudadas apresentaram boa adaptação fenológica, elevada produtividade e índices dematuração adequados para a produção de vinhos brancos tranquilos e espumantes em ambasas altitudes. A partir dos resultados obtidos ‘Felicia’ e ‘Calardis Blanc’ demonstraram ser as variedades mais promissoras para o cultivo em ambas as faixas de altitude. Plasmopora viticola Vitis vinifera Brasil Sul 100 dessadoençauma dessadoença uma PIWI, , (PIWI) adoenças vegetativo ‘Felicia, Felicia ‘Felicia (‘Felicia’ Calardis Blanc ‘Helios Helios ‘Helios’ 840m (840m (1250m 2020 202 2022 forambrotaçãoBBCH forambrotação BBCH 7, 7 7) 65, 65 65) 81 ematuridade 89. 89 . 89) cachosmassa cachos massa planta RavazPara Ravaz avaliouse avaliou se pH solúveisacidez solúveis acidez totais setembro outubro dezembro maturidadecolheita maturidade fevereiro a‘Felicia aFelicia Blanc, vinhedopraticamente praticamente vinhedos 84 fenológica altitudes altitude 10 (PIWI (‘Felicia 20 6 8 1 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a contemporary medical problem characterized by insufficient data on prevalence and weak modelling methodology. Objective: To establish nutritional status and neurological-functional condition interrelationships with clinical signs: time and type of injury, level of injury and severity of dorsal lumbar spinal cord injury. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 102 patients with spinal cord trauma on admission (85 men and 17 women) was conducted from February 2016 to January 2020, in CIREN, Havana, Cuba. Nutritional and neurological assessment (level, degree and severity of injury) was performed using ASIA scales, SCIM-III Independence, and Barthel index. Means, standard deviation, standard error and analysis of variance for normal distributions were obtained. SPSS version 26 was used. Results: The mean age was 29.7 ± 8.1 years. The age of trauma was 3.1 ± 1.4 years. Spinal cord injury occurred in 50.6 % of the T7- L3 segment in patients with complete injury. There was chronic energy deficiency (4.9 %), according to Body Mass Index; 50.6 % were ≥22 kg/m2, according to Nash risk criteria. In addition, 73.5 % were classified on the ASIA A scale. The correlation between Catz and Barthel showed a significant association (p< 0.01). The decrease in muscle mass, arm muscle area, reflectivity and sensitivity were significant according to age, type, level and severity of injury (p< 0.05). Methodological weakness of estimates for skeletal muscle mass is discussed. Conclusions: Time of injury, muscle tone and neurological level of spinal cord injury are characterized as interactive determinants of the diagnosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La lesión medular (LM) es un problema médico contemporáneo caracterizado por datos insuficientes sobre prevalencia y debilidad de modelización en metodología. Objetivo: Establecer las interrelaciones del estado nutricional y la condición neurológica-funcional con signos clínicos: tiempo y tipo de lesión, nivel de lesión y severidad del trauma raquimedular dorso lumbar. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de 102 pacientes con trauma raquimedular al ingreso, 85 hombres y 17 mujeres (febrero 2016 - enero de 2020, CIREN) La Habana, Cuba. Se realizó evaluación nutricional, neurológica (nivel, grado y severidad de lesión) mediante escalas ASIA, Independencia SCIM-III e índice de Barthel. Se obtienen medias, desviación estándar, error estándar y análisis de varianza para distribuciones normales. Se utilizó SPSS versión 26. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 29,7 ± 8,1 años. La antigüedad del trauma fue 3,1 ± 1,4 años. La lesión raquimedular ocurrió en 50,6 % del segmento T7- L3 en pacientes con lesión completa. Hubo deficiencia energética crónica (4,9 %), según Índice de Masa Corporal; el 50,6 % fueron ≥ 22 kg/m2, según criterio de riesgo de Nash. El 73,5 % clasificaban en escala A de ASIA. La correlación entre Catz y Barthel demostró asociación significativa (p< 0,01). La disminución de masa muscular, área muscular del brazo, reflectividad y sensibilidad es significativa según antigüedad, tipo, nivel y severidad de lesiones (p< 0,05). Se discute debilidad metodológica de estimaciones para masa muscular esquelética. Conclusiones: Se caracterizan antigüedad de lesión, tono muscular y nivel neurológico de lesión medular como condicionantes interactivos del diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The present investigation studies, for the first time in our country, the consequences on the sensory auditory and visual systems after surgery for drug resistant temporal lobe epileptic patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional changes after electrocorticography-guided anterior-temporal lobectomy. Methods: A sample of 28 patients that underwent surgery for drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy was studied. The surgery was performed at the International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN) between years 2002-2012. Results: Functional alterations in the visual and auditory systems were detected even before surgery. After surgery further auditory alterations were detected by auditory evoked potentials, likely as an indirect, long-term consequence of the resection of specific structures like the amygdala and the medial temporal pole. On the visual system, the resection of the epileptogenic zone provoked visual deficits, evidenced by visual perimetry combined with quadrant-restricted visual evoked potentials. The visual defects are in good correspondence with the amount of resected tissue. Lesions within the visual pathway were confirmed by optic radiation tractography and connectivity studies. Conclusions: indirect and long term functional changes of the auditory pathway were described, while direct lesions of the visual pathway were confirmed with objective methods of exploration, according to the surgical resection magnitude.

RESUMEN Introducción: La presente investigación aborda por vez primera en nuestro país el estudio de las consecuencias del tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal fármaco-resistente para el funcionamiento de los sistemas sensoriales auditivo y visual. Objetivos: evaluar los cambios anatómicos y funcionales de los sistemas auditivo y visual secundarios a la lobectomía temporal anterior. Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 28 pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial fármaco-resistente intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica entre los años 2002 y 2012. Resultados: Se constató la existencia de alteraciones funcionales en los sistemas sensoriales auditivo y visual antes de la intervención quirúrgica. Luego de la resección se detectaron cambios en el funcionamiento de la vía auditiva mediante los potenciales evocados auditivos, probablemente mediados por un efecto indirecto y a largo plazo de la remoción de estructuras específicas como la amígdala y el polo temporal medio. En la vía visual ocurrieron defectos del campo visual evidenciados por las técnicas de potenciales evocados visuales con estimulación por cuadrantes en combinación con la perimetría, y en correspondencia con la magnitud del tejido neocortical removido. La lesión de la vía visual pudo ser corroborada mediante la tractografía de la radiación óptica y el estado de su conectividad. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidenciaron cambios funcionales indirectos y a largo plazo de la vía auditiva, y se confirman las afectaciones directas de la vía visual con métodos de exploración objetivos y en correspondencia con la magnitud de la resección quirúrgica.

SUMMARY Prosopis alba has high potential as forest material and important forage features for arid and semi-arid areas. Prosopis alba is commercially propagated by seeds, because of its rooting difficulties. Its cloning would allow to cultivate highly productive silvicultural materials in less time. The aim of this work was to analyze the lignification degree of P. alba cuttings and mini-cuttings and its relation with the rooting capability. The sprouts obtained from the garden and clonal mini-garden were rooted with different concentrations of IBA. Serial transversal sections of the sprouts were carried out before rooting induction and 40 days after this process to observe the lignification of these material and to relate them with rooted cuttings and mini-cuttings. Results show that mini-cuttings with greater juvenility and etiolation degree presented lower lignification degree and reached higher rooting percentages (99.6%) with respect to cuttings (7.6%). Mini-cutting and etiolation techniques are promising for the vegetative propagation of P. alba and other native species with difficult rooting.

RESUMEN Prosopis alba posee potencial para la producción forestal y forrajera, destacándose su utilización en zonas áridas y semi-áridas. La especie, considerada de difícil enraizamiento, se propaga comercialmente mediante semillas. Su clonación permitiría cultivar materiales de interés silvícola altamente productivos y en un menor tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el grado de lignificación de estacas y miniestacas de P. alba y su relación con su capacidad de enraizamiento. Los brotes obtenidos del jardín y minijardín clonal fueron inducidos al enraizamiento con diferentes concentraciones de IBA. Se realizaron cortes anatómicos de los brotes, previo a la inducción del enraizamiento y 40 días posteriores al mismo para observar la lignificación de estos materiales y relacionarlos con estacas y miniestacas enraizadas. Las miniestacas con mayor grado de juvenilidad y de etiolación presentaron menor grado de lignificación y lograron mayores porcentajes de enraizamiento (99,6%) con respecto a las estacas (7,6%). Se observó que la utilización de la técnica de miniestacas asociada a la de etiolación son promisoras para la propagación vegetativa de P. alba y posiblemente de otras especies nativas de difícil enraizamiento.

Resumen La ciudad de Esperanza (Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina) posee espacios verdes tales como parques, plazas y plazoletas que constituyen áreas de esparcimiento y garantizan el desarrollo humano en equilibrio con la naturaleza. Para el conocimiento de estos espacios verdes es fundamental conocer la superficie que ocupan, las especies vegetales, el estado de conservación de las plantas y el manejo que reciben, especialmente las leñosas. Considerando la importancia que el arbolado urbano tiene en esta ciudad se realizó un censo con el objetivo de evaluar las principales características de la flora leñosa de los espacios verdes. Se tomaron datos de las especies existentes, estado sanitario e intervenciones silviculturales. A partir de esta información se propusieron intervenciones silviculturales apropiadas. Finalmente se evaluó la disponibilidad de espacios verdes por habitante y la cantidad de habitantes por árbol. El 74 % de los árboles correspondió a especies exóticas, el estado sanitario en general resultó bueno y el 57 % de los árboles no tuvo ningún tipo de intervención silvicultural evidente. Cada habitante dispone en promedio de 7,64 m2 de espacio verde y la cantidad de habitantes por árbol fue 18,8. Los datos obtenidos constituyen el primer censo de especies leñosas de la infraestructura verde de Esperanza. Se propone aumentar la superficie de espacios verdes y promover la plantación, especialmente con especies nativas.

Abstract Esperanza City (Santa Fe, Argentina) has green spaces such as parks, squares and small squares devoted to recreational areas and guarantee human development in balance with nature. To fully understand these green spaces, it is essential to know the area they occupy, the plant species included as well as their health condition and the management they receive, particularly the woody ones. Due to the importance given to urban trees in this city, a census was carried out to evaluate the main features of the woody flora int these green spaces. The data collected include: existing species, their health status and silvicultural interventions. Based upon this information, suitable silvicultural interventions were proposed. Finally, the availability of green spaces per inhabitant and the number of inhabitants per tree were evaluated. The results showed that 74 % of the trees corresponded to exotic species with a good general health status and 57 % of the trees showed nom evident silvicultural intervention. There exists an average of 7.64 m2 of green space per inhabitant and 18.8 inhabitants per tree. The data obtained become the first census of woody species of the Esperanza City green infrastructure. It is proposed to increase green space areas and promote planting, especially using native species.

Rust diseases, although seasonal, have been severe constraints in wheat production in South Africa for almost 300 years. Rust research gained momentum with the institution of annual surveys in the 1980s, followed by race identification, an understanding of rust epidemiology, and eventually a focused collaboration amongst pathologists, breeders and geneticists. Diversity in South African populations of Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici has been described and isolates are available to accurately phenotype wheat germplasm and study pathogen populations at national, regional and global levels. Sources of resistance have been, and still are, methodically analysed and molecular marker systems were developed to incorporate, stack and verify complex resistance gene combinations in breeding lines and cultivars. Vigilance, capacity, new technologies, collaboration and sustained funding are critical for maintaining and improving the current research impetus for future management of these important diseases.SIGNIFICANCE: • Rust diseases threaten wheat crops worldwide, including in South Africa. • Management of rusts includes regular surveillance, pathogen diversity studies, rigorous screening of wheat germplasm, and efficient breeding and selection for resistance. • Collaboration among plant pathologists, geneticists and breeders has provided momentum in rust research and control in South Africa in recent years.

Abstract Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes. In general, patients are clinically normal at birth, and progressively develop severe signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is usually made several years after onset of manifestations, preventing patients to have the benefits of the early treatment. Newborn screening programs are being considered for LSDs to allow early diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluated the feasibility of a customized screening approach based on modified fluorometric assays with reduced amounts of reagents, substrates and samples for: mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I (MPS I), MPS VI, Fabry, Gaucher, and Pompe diseases. We also evaluated the advantages of including blood chitotriosidase and urinary glycosaminoglycans in the protocol. By the measurement of the specific disease-associated enzymes (plus blood chitotriosidase and urinary glycosaminoglycans) we analyzed 834 de-identified DBS of unselected newborns. No positive case was detected, and the false-positive rates were low. Taking into consideration the limitations of this methodology, we believe that, after defining proper cutoffs, it could be a viable alternative to provide NBS for LSDs by laboratories that may not be able to afford the commercial methods available.

Abstract In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the hydrolysis of phytate of defatted rice bran (DRB) by a pretreatment with non-commercial phytase produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DRB-PS) compared to the application of Natuphos® (commercial phytase produced by the BASF Company) (DRB-PN) in diets for grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish (57.55 ± 0.4 g) fed one of the experimental diets in triplicates for 35 days. Effects of the phytase used on blood parameters, intestinal proteases and hepatic glucose were not observed (p > 0.05). Similarly, no differences were found for serum phosphorus (P). However, were found higher levels of calcium (9 and 5.25%) in the control treatment in relation to DRB-PS and DRB-PN respectively, besides higher calcium-phosphorus ratio was found in this treatment. For the fish carcass composition was not statistically different (p > 0.05) except total lipids, which showed its highest content in fish fed on the DRB-PN diet (p < 0.05). The obtained results suggested that the use of the phytase, irrespective to its source may eliminate the use of traditional P sources in fish diets.

RESUMO Comparou-se o efeito da absorção sistêmica do colírio de diclofenaco de sódio 0,1% (DS) em relação ao de cetorolaco de trometamina 0,5% (CT) em coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia, tratadas nos dois olhos, três vezes ao dia, por 90 dias. As coelhas foram separadas em três grupos de seis animais (n=18): grupo CT, grupo DS e grupo controle (Co), no qual foi instilada solução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9%). Os consumos de água e ração foram mensurados diariamente, os exames clínicos foram realizados semanalmente e o sangue foi coletado a cada 30 dias para realização de exames laboratoriais. O plasma foi analisado para detectar a presença de CT e DS por extração em fase sólida (SPE) associada à espectrometria de massas (MS). A absorção sistêmica desses fármacos foi confirmada por SPE-MS, permitindo sua separação e identificação no plasma. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, e não foram encontradas alterações macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Essa observação confirmou os resultados laboratoriais, que estavam dentro dos padrões de referência para a espécie. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com colírio contendo KT e DS, por 90 dias, em coelhos saudáveis, não causa efeitos adversos sistêmicos.

ABSTRACT The effect of the systemic absorption of 0.1% diclofenac sodium (DS) eyedrop was compared to that of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine (KT) in female New Zealand white rabbits treated on both eyes three times a day for 90 days. The rabbits were divided in three groups of six animals (n= 18): KT group, DS group, and control (Co) group, in which saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was instilled. Water and food consumption were measured daily, clinical examination was performed weekly, and blood samples were collected every 30 days for laboratory examination. The plasma was analyzed for the presence of KT and DS by solid-phase extraction (SPE) associated with mass spectrometry (MS). Systemic absorption of these drugs was confirmed by SPE-MS, allowing their separation and identification in the plasma. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized and necropsied, and no macroscopic or microscopic changes were found. This observation confirmed the laboratory results, which were within normal reference standards for the species. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that treatment with eyedrops containing KT and DS for 90 days in healthy rabbits does not cause adverse systemic effects.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and metabolic parameters of silver catfish fed with protein concentrates of sunflower meal (SMPC) and crambe meal (CrMPC). The study evaluated two levels of substitution, where 25 or 50% of animal protein was replaced with plant-based protein. A total of 300 silver catfish (14 ± 0.26 g) were used in five treatments and three replications, in fifteen 280-liter experimental units. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means of the control diet was compared to the remaining treatments by Dunnett’s test at 5% significance level. At the end of the trial, no differences were observed for the variables final weight and daily weight gain. However, minor feed conversion was observed in the groups Control and SMPC-25%. Metabolic parameters were analyzed in the plasma and liver, where no significant differences were found for any of the blood parameters analyzed. In the analyzed liver parameters (ammonia, protein, amino acids and ALAT), the liver protein content was lower in fish consuming SMPC-50%, CrMPC-50% and 25% CrMPC diets. The amino acids content was higher in fish receiving the SMPC-25% diet. It can be concluded that sunflower meal protein concentrate is better utilized by fish and more efficient metabolically than crambe meal. This study demonstrated that a newly developed protein concentrate SMPC and CrMPC can effectively replace 25% and 50% the animal protein in a diet free of FM.