Aphasias are language pathologies, therefore the acquaintance of its structure is required for proper understanding. Language is a cultural interaction system, logical, set much above common natural. It separates the symbolic function, which establishes the distinction between significant and signification. We establish a neurolinguistic classification of aphasias, refuting improper expressions. We broach the wrongly called "conduction aphasia". We detach the unit of speech act and we distinguish the existence of a joint project that sheds light on all sentences brought forth. The complex texture of the "transcorticalism" qualify is analyzed. Aphasia field and some forms of its unfolding are questions aborded under the light of basic neurolinguistic concepts. We detach the unit of speech act and we distinguish the existence of a common project that sheds light on all sentences brought forth.

Las afasias son una patología del lenguaje y éste es un sistema de mediación cultural lógica, situado netamente por encima de lo meramente natural. Arranca de la función simbólica, que establece la distinción y el nexo entre significante y significado. Se establece, a grandes rasgos, una clasificación neurolingüística de las afasias, rechazando las expresiones inadecuadas de sensitiva o sensorial y motora. Se insiste particularmente aquí sobre la cuestión de la "repetición" en la semiología afásica, tanto en lo que se refiere a su pérdida como a su "exaltación". Ello conduce a una revisión de la mal llamada afasia "de conducción" y del "transcorticalismo".

Os autores descrevem um caso de adrenoleucodistrofia (ALD) em um paciente do sexo masculino, com 8 anos de idade, cuja genitora no primeiro trimestre da gravidez tomou miscelânea de drogas com fins abortivos. O curso da doença foi progressivo inician-do-se por distúrbios auditivos, visuais e mentais, seguindo-se alterações neurovegetativas, motoras, convulsivas e postura fetal. No estágio final o paciente tornou-se amaurótico, surdo, quadriplégieo e demente. O óbito ocorreu por infecção respiratória. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo estudos do LCR, eletrofisiológicos, radiológicos e pelos achados de necropsia (cérebro e glândulas adrenais).

The authors report a case of adrenoleukodystrophy in a 8 years old male patient whose mother has taken several abortive drugs during the first three months of pregnancy. The disease was progressive starting with auditory, visual and mental disturbances, followed by neurovegetatives and motor changes with convulsion and fetal position. At the final stage the patient became blind, deaf, quadriplegic and dementiated. Death resulted from lung infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by the CSF, electrophysiological, radidlogical and necropsy findings. Necropsy changes in the brain and adrenal cortex are detailed.