RESUMO Objetivo: Selecionar os indicadores dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) determinantes da desnutrição infantil (DI) no Brasil e monitorar o alcance das metas da DI, por região, no ano de 2022. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que utilizou os índices do Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Brasil e analisou os 100 indicadores de monitoramento dos ODS nos 5.570 municípios brasileiros. Foi construída uma árvore de classificação e regressão e calculada a sensibilidade para predizer os determinantes da DI. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado, e adotado nível de significância de 5%. As análises descritivas e a árvore foram realizadas com o auxílio do software R. Resultados: Os determinantes da DI segundo percentuais, regiões do país mais afetadas e ordem de impacto foram: analfabetismo na população com ≥15 anos (Nordeste), pré-natal insuficiente (Norte), baixo peso ao nascer (Sul), mulheres jovens de 15 a 24 anos de idade que não estudam nem trabalham (Norte e Nordeste) e população ocupada entre 10 e 17 anos (Sul). Observou-se efeito individual e cumulativo na prevalência de DI nos municípios brasileiros, variando de 1,73 a 15,1%, de acordo com a ocorrência e sobreposição desses indicadores. Conclusão: Os dados indicam que o Brasil não atingirá a meta de redução da DI estabelecida até o ano de 2025. Serão necessários mais investimentos nas áreas da educação e saúde, voltados principalmente para o público materno infantil e nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.

ABSTRACT Objective: To select indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that determine child malnutrition (CM) in Brazil and to monitor the achievement of SDG targets by region in 2022. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, ecological study that used the Brazilian Sustainable Development indices and analyzed the 100 SDG monitoring indicators in the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. A decision tree was created and sensitivity analysis was performed to predict CM determinants. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test at 5% significance level. Descriptive analyses and the decision tree were carried out using the R software. Results: The CM determinants according to percentage, most affected regions of the country, and impact order were: illiteracy in the population aged ≥15 years (Northeast), insufficient prenatal care (North), low birth weight (South), young women aged 15-24 years who neither study nor work (North and Northeast), and employed population aged 10-17 years (South). We observed an individual and cumulative effect on the CM prevalence, ranging from 1.73 to 15.1%, in Brazilian municipalities according to the occurrence and overlap of these indicators. Conclusion: The results denote that Brazil will not achieve the intended reduction of CM by 2025. There must be substantial investments in education and health mainly aimed at the maternal and child population and especially in the North and Northeast regions.

In silico and in vitro tests can reveal promising anti-leishmania activity for natural products and their derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the pharmacological activities of potential new chalcones and their leishmanicidal potential in vitro. The in silico study was carried out using the PASS, MolPredictX and Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 programs. Antiparasitic activity was assessed in axenic promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. The cytotoxicity tests used the J77G8 cell line. The chalcones exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration values (CC50) values > 50 μM. Chalcone 4 (named FERAI) presented the best activity with concentration for 50% of promastigotes and intracellular parasites forms (EC50) of 9.75 ± 1.7 and 10.13 ± 1.7 μM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing presented increased ROS levels in the parasite at the FERAI concentrations of 10 μM (56.33%), 20 μM (61.76%) and 30 μM (67.13%). Molecular docking revealed interactions (binding energy) between FERAI and the enzymes UDP-glycosyl pyrophosphorylase (-56.8384), dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (-132.276) and trypanothione-reductase (-151.281). Our results demonstrated the anti-leishmanial activity of chalcones, especially FERAI, with a noted raising of ROS levels in the parasite. Molecular docking revealed dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase as potential pharmacological targets for FERAI. antileishmania anti leishmania derivatives PASS 60 6 0 6. programs braziliensis JG J G J77G line CC50 CC (CC50 5 named EC50 EC (EC50 975 9 75 9.7 17 1 7 1. 1013 13 10.1 respectively (ROS 56.33%, 5633 56.33% , 56 33 (56.33%) 2 61.76% 6176 61 76 (61.76% 3 67.13%. 6713 67.13% . 67 (67.13%) binding energy UDPglycosyl UDP glycosyl 56.8384, 568384 56.8384 8384 (-56.8384) dihydroorotatedehydrogenase 132.276 132276 132 276 (-132.276 trypanothionereductase 151.281. 151281 151.281 151 281 (-151.281) antileishmanial leishmanial CC5 (CC5 EC5 (EC5 97 9. 101 10. 563 56.33 (56.33% 61.76 617 (61.76 671 67.13 (67.13% 56838 56.838 838 (-56.8384 132.27 13227 27 (-132.27 15128 151.28 15 28 (-151.281 (CC (EC 56.3 (56.33 61.7 (61.7 67.1 (67.13 5683 56.83 83 (-56.838 132.2 1322 (-132.2 1512 151.2 (-151.28 56. (56.3 61. (61. 67. (67.1 568 56.8 8 (-56.83 132. (-132. 151. (-151.2 (56. (61 (67. (-56.8 (-132 (-151. (56 (6 (67 (-56. (-13 (-151 (5 ( (-56 (-1 (-15 (-5 (-

The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

In last decades, technical-scientific investigations into cultural heritage assets have increasingly become part of analysis methodologies accessible to professionals from different areas for a broad understanding of the complex material and historical nature of objects. In this interdisciplinary word, the painting “Costureiras” by Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973), from 1950, was studied by ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence (UVL), infrared image (IR) and macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) techniques. UVL and MA-XRF images enabled the exploration of the conservation status of the artwork, the creative process of the artist, and areas featuring materials distinct from the original painting. By combining the results of IR and MA-XRF images, it was confirmed that changes occurred in the creative process during the composition of the artwork. MA-XRF images further allowed the inference of the primary pigments employed by the artist, revealing that, during canvas priming, Tarsila do Amaral utilized pigments based on lead and zinc. decades technicalscientific technical scientific objects word Costureiras “Costureiras 18861973, 18861973 1886 1973 , (1886-1973) 1950 ultravioletinduced ultraviolet induced UVL, (UVL) (IR Xray X ray MAXRF MA XRF (MA-XRF techniques artwork artist priming zinc 1886197 188 197 (1886-1973 195 (UVL 188619 18 19 (1886-197 18861 1 (1886-19 (1886-1 (1886- (1886 (188 (18 (1 (

ABSTRACT Salinity affects physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, in various agricultural crops, such as sorghum, around the world. Thus, mitigating techniques such as priming seeds with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can increase plant tolerance to salt stress. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate the priming of seeds with hydrogen peroxide on gas exchange and shoot phytomass of sorghum grown under salt stress. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - (ECw- 0.3, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 6, 12, and 18 μM L-1), with three replications. The salinity of the water reduced gas exchange, shoot fresh and dry mass, in addition to shoot moisture content in sorghum plants. However, priming the seeds with H2O2 improved gas exchange and the accumulation of plant dry mass. Seed priming with H2O2 at dose of 8.2 µM increases the acclimatization of sorghum plants under salt stress. processes photosynthesis crops world Thus HO H O (H2O2 stress design arrangement ECw (ECw 03 0 3 0.3 15 1 5 1.5 35 3.5 55 5. m1 m m-1 H2O 0, (0 6 12 L1, L1 L , L-1) replications mass However 82 8 2 8. (H2O 0. 1. 3. m- ( L-1 L-

RESUMO A salinidade afeta processos fisiológicos, como a fotossíntese, em diversas culturas agrícolas, como o sorgo, em todo o mundo. Dessa forma, técnicas mitigadoras como o condicionamento de sementes com peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) podem aumentar a tolerância das plantas ao estresse salino. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o condicionamento de sementes de sorgo com peróxido de hidrogênio nas trocas gasosas e na fitomassa da planta sob estresse salino. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 4, com quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa- 0,3, 1,5, 3,5 e 5,5 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 6, 12 e 18 μM L-1), com três repetições. A salinidade da água reduziu as trocas gasosas, a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, além do teor de água nas plantas de sorgo. Entretanto, o condicionamento das sementes com H2O2 melhorou as trocas gasosas e o acúmulo de massa seca das plantas. O condicionamento de sementes com dose de H2O2 de 8,2 µM aumenta a aclimatação de plantas de sorgo sob estresse salino. fisiológicos fotossíntese agrícolas mundo forma HO H (H2O2 salino Assim casualizados CEa (CEa 03 0 3 0,3 15 1 5 1,5 35 3, 55 5, m1 m m-1 H2O 0, (0 6 L1, L1 L , L-1) repetições aérea Entretanto 82 8 2 8, (H2O 1, m- ( L-1 L-

ABSTRACT Combining refrigeration with packaging is a commonly used technique for fruits intended for export. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt the post-harvest management of biofortified sweet potato cultivars, using packaging and refrigeration, focused on reaching distant export markets while maintaining the commercial quality. Sweet potatoes of the cultivars BRS-Amélia and Beauregard were selected after harvesting, washed, and packaged. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 × 7 factorial arrangement consisted of 4 treatments (cultivar BRS-Amélia with and without packaging; and cultivar Beauregard with and without packaging) and 7 evaluations under storage conditions: at 0, 7, 14 (under refrigeration at approximately 8 °C), 17, 20, 23, and 26 days (under room temperature conditions at approximately 25 °C). Each experimental unit contained 500 g of tubbers. The results showed that the refrigerated storage combined with packaging extended the shelf life of the evaluated sweet potatoes: 17 days for BRS-Amélia and 26 days for the cultivar Beauregard. The BRS-Amélia cultivar maintained higher firmness, soluble solids and carbohydrate contents, chroma, and antioxidant activity (FRAP method), and total phenolic contents, in both raw and cooked tissues. The cultivar Beauregard presented less dehydration and greater stability in vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid, soluble carbohydrate, and starch contents in raw and cooked potatoes. Therefore, the combination of packaging and refrigeration preserved the commercial quality of biofortified sweet potatoes for export markets. Thus postharvest post harvest BRSAmélia BRS Amélia harvesting washed packaged randomized 0 1 °C, C °C , °C) 20 23 2 °C. . 50 tubbers firmness chroma FRAP method, method method) tissues carotenoid Therefore 5

RESUMO Combinar refrigeração com embalagem é uma técnica comumente utilizada para frutas destinadas à exportação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi adequar o manejo pós-colheita de cultivares de batata-doce biofortificadas, utilizando embalagem e refrigeração, com foco em atingir mercados de exportação distantes e mantendo a qualidade comercial. As batatas-doces das cultivares BRS-Amélia e Beauregard foram selecionadas após a colheita, lavadas e embaladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 7 composto por 4 tratamentos (cultivar BRS-Amélia com e sem embalagem; e cultivar Beauregard com e sem embalagem) e 7 avaliações nas condições de armazenamento: aos 0, 7, 14 (sob refrigeração a aproximadamente 8 °C), 17, 20, 23 e 26 dias (sob condições de temperatura ambiente a aproximadamente 25 °C). Cada unidade experimental continha 500 g de tubérculos. Os resultados mostraram que o armazenamento refrigerado aliado à embalagem prolongou a vida útil da batata-doce avaliada: 17 dias para BRS-Amélia e 26 dias para a cultivar Beauregard. A cultivar BRS-Amélia manteve maior firmeza, solúveis sólidos e teor de carboidratos, croma e atividade antioxidante (método FRAP) e teor de fenólicos totais, tanto nos tecidos crus quanto cozidos. A cultivar Beauregard apresentou menor desidratação e maior estabilidade nos teores de vitamina C, fenólicos totais, carotenóides totais, carboidratos solúveis e amido em batatas cruas e cozidas. Portanto, a combinação de embalagem e refrigeração preservou a qualidade comercial da batata-doce biofortificada para os mercados de exportação. Assim póscolheita pós colheita batatadoce batata doce biofortificadas batatasdoces doces BRSAmélia BRS Amélia embaladas casualizado 0 1 sob °C, C °C , °C) 20 2 °C. . 50 tubérculos avaliada firmeza método FRAP totais cozidos cozidas Portanto 5

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can be an alternative for preventing and treating the harmful effects of obesity, mainly inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and liver tissues. However, no consensus exists regarding this purpose's best physical training model. Objective: Evaluate morphological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations in rats’ skeletal and hepatic muscle tissues caused by aerobic and resistance training. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (S), aerobic (AE), and resistance training (R) groups. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were measured periodically. After euthanasia, body mass was measured to calculate the total mass gain during the experiment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured. Adipose tissue was extracted to calculate its percentage relative to body mass and the liver, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles for morphological analyses and concentrations of glycogen, lipids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α). The Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were performed for statistical analysis, adopting p<0.05. Results: Both training models reduced the percentage of adipose tissue, body mass gain, and hepatic TNF-α concentration (p<0.05). AE increased serum HDL, gastrocnemius fiber diameter and reduced the fractal dimension in the soleus (p<0.05). R reduced blood glucose and serum and liver lipids, increased liver and soleus glycogen concentrations, increased gastrocnemius fiber diameter, and decreased TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both training models reduced body mass, relative visceral adipose tissue, serum total cholesterol concentration, and liver inflammation. However, resistance training was more effective in promoting metabolic effects in the liver and skeletal muscle and reducing muscle inflammation in rats. Level of Evidence V; Expert Opinion.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico pode se apresentar como uma alternativa para prevenção e tratamento de efeitos deletérios da obesidade, principalmente efeitos inflamatórios sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático. No entanto, não há consenso quanto ao melhor modelo de treinamento físico para tal finalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar alterações morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatórias dos treinamentos aeróbico e resistido sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático de ratos. Métodos: 24 ratos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos sedentário (S), treinamento aeróbico (AE) e resistido (R). Glicemia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos séricos foram mensurados periodicamente. Após a eutanásia, a massa corporal foi mensurada para calcular o ganho total de massa durante o experimento. A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) foi dosada. O tecido adiposo foi extraído para cálculo de sua porcentagem relativa à massa corporal assim como o fígado e os músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio para as análises morfológicas e das concentrações de glicogênio, lipídios e Fator de Necrose Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Kruskall-Wallis e o pós-teste de Dunn, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram o percentual de tecido adiposo, ganho de massa corporal e concentração hepática de TNF-α (p<0,05). AE aumentou o HDL sérico, o diâmetro das fibras do gastrocnêmio e reduziu a dimensão fractal no sóleo (p<0,05). R reduziu a glicemia e os lipídios séricos e hepáticos, aumentou a concentração de glicogênio hepático e sóleo, aumentou o diâmetro das fibras gastrocnêmicas e diminuiu o TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram a massa corporal, o tecido adiposo visceral relativo, a concentração sérica de colesterol total e a inflamação hepática. No entanto, o treinamento resistido mostrou-se mais eficaz em promover efeitos metabólicos no fígado e no músculo esquelético, além de reduzir a inflamação muscular em ratos. Nível de Evidência V; Opinião do Especialista.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede ser una alternativa para prevenir y tratar los efectos nocivos de la obesidad, principalmente los efectos inflamatorios sobre los tejidos del músculo esquelético y del hígado. Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre cuál es el mejor modelo de entrenamiento físico para este fin. Objetivo: Evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatorias del entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia en sobre los tejidos músculo esqueléticos y hepáticos de ratas. Métodos: 24 ratas Wistar se dividieron en grupos sedentarios (S), aeróbicos (AE) y de entrenamiento de resistencia (R). Se midieron periódicamente glucosa en sangre, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Después de la eutanasia, se midió la masa corporal para calcular la ganancia de masa total durante el experimento. Se midió la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Se extrajo tejido adiposo para calcular su porcentaje relativo a la masa corporal, así como hígado, músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio para análisis morfológicos y concentraciones de glucógeno, lípidos y Factor de Necrosis Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados Kruskall-Wallis y el post-test de Dunn, adoptando p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos entrenamientos redujeron el porcentaje de tejido adiposo, masa corporal y la concentración de TNF-α hepático (p<0,05). AE aumentó el HDL sérico, el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y redujo la dimensión fractal en el sóleo (p<0,05). R redujo la glucosa en sangre y los lípidos séricos y hepáticos, aumentó las concentraciones de glucógeno hepático y sóleo, aumentó el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y disminuyó el TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusión: Ambos modelos de entrenamiento redujeron la masa corporal, el tejido adiposo visceral relativo, la concentración sérica de colesterol total y la inflamación hepática. El entrenamiento de resistencia demostró ser más eficaz para promover los efectos metabólicos en el hígado y el músculo esquelético, además de reducir la inflamación muscular en ratas. Nivel de Evidencia V; Opinión del Especialista.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é conhecer as estratégias individuais mais utilizadas por adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas da IX Região Administrativa do município do Rio de Janeiro para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária, bem como investigar o perfil de coocorrência e sua prevalência em subgrupos populacionais específicos. Trata-se de um estudo seccional com 693 indivíduos. As informações referentes às estratégias para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária foram coletadas por meio de questionário multidimensional autopreenchido em sala de aula. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram: evitar passar onde há pessoas armadas (55,5%), evitar andar sozinho (30,5%) e evitar voltar para casa de madrugada (24,7%). Observou-se que as meninas adotam mais todos (concomitantemente) os quatro tipos de comportamento limitantes para reduzir sua exposição à violência comunitária (53% vs. 32%). Ressalta-se que a adoção de tais estratégias diferiu segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos, sendo maior entre os adolescentes oriundos de família de estratos de renda mais baixos. Tais achados chamam a atenção para a alta frequência de utilização de tais estratégias por adolescentes, o que pode cercear e limitar o pleno desenvolvimento de suas habilidades sociais e culturais.

Abstract This study aims to identify the individual community strategies to avoid violence exposure most used by adolescents from public and private schools in the IX Administrative Region of Rio de Janeiro and investigate the profile of co-occurrence and its prevalence in specific population subgroups. This is a cross-sectional study with 693 individuals. A multidimensional questionnaire collected information regarding strategies to avoid community violence exposure and was self-completed in the classroom. The most used strategies were avoiding walking close to armed people (55.5%), avoiding walking alone (30.5%), and avoiding returning home at dawn (24.7%). Girls adopt more of all (concurrently) the four limiting behaviors to reduce their community violence exposure (53% vs. 32%). Notably, the adoption of such strategies differed by socioeconomic indicators and was higher among adolescents from lower-income households. These findings point to the high frequency of use of such strategies by adolescents, which may hinder and limit the full development of their social and cultural skills.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate different proportions of cactus pear in silage with BRS Capiaçu grass, along with a 10% inclusion of ground corn grain, focusing on aerobic stability, fermentative profile, chemical composition, and digestibility. The treatments included cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) at increasing levels of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% of the natural matter in the silage with BRS Capiaçu grass, plus 10% ground corn grain. Additionally, a control silage composed of BRS Capiaçu grass without ground corn was used. A completely randomized design was employed with six treatments and eight replications. The BRS Capiaçu grass was harvested after 100 days of regrowth. For ensiling, experimental PVC silos of known weights and of 50 cm long and 10 cm in diameter were used. The breakdown of aerobic stability of the silage without cactus pear (BRS Capiaçu grass with 10% ground corn) occurred 144 h after opening the silo. The inclusion of cactus pear in the silage with BRS Capiaçu grass and 10% ground corn grain resulted in a linear increase in pH value. Among the silages with cactus pear inclusion, there was no significant difference in gas losses (P = 0.46) and dry matter (DM) recovery (P = 0.43). There was no significant difference between the silages in terms of acetic acid content (P = 0.91). The content of DM and total digestible nutrients was lower in the control silage compared with the other silages. For each percentage unit of cactus pear inclusion, there was a reduction of 0.1195% in DM content. Additionally, for every 1% inclusion of cactus pear in silage with BRS Capiaçu grass, there was an increase of 0.2007 percentage units in DM digestibility. The optimal proportion of cactus pear in silage with BRS Capiaçu grass and 10% ground corn is up to 60% of the natural matter. profile composition digestibility Opuntia spp. spp 0 15 30 45 60 Additionally used replications regrowth ensiling 5 1 14 silo value P 0.46 046 46 (DM 0.43. 043 0.43 . 43 0.43) 0.91. 091 0.91 91 0.91) 01195 1195 0.1195 02007 2007 0.200 3 4 6 0.4 04 09 0.9 9 0119 119 0.119 0200 200 0.20 0. 011 11 0.11 020 20 0.2 01 0.1 02 2

Abstract Background The use of the herbicide dicamba has significantly increased in Brazilian agriculture, has potential for volatilization and risk of injury to sensitive agricultural crops and environmental contamination. Objective The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of dicamba volatility under application conditions in commercial crops in tropical climate conditions in Brazil. Methods Six field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 in 3 different states of Brazil to provide a quantitative assessment of dicamba volatility. Aerodynamic and integrated horizontal flux methods were used to estimate the volatile flux and mass loss of dicamba within 72 hours after application. Results The results showed that the flux of volatilized dicamba peaked in the first few hours after application, decreasing drastically approximately 20 hours after application. The cumulative mass loss of dicamba was 0.15±0.08% of the applied dose. The average in-field air concentration (38.66±9.52 ng m3) represented only 28% of the regulatory no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) established by the USEPA. Conclusions Based on these results, vapor drift related to dicamba volatility under application conditions in tropical regions in Brazil was similar to or lower than the results reported in the literature for temperate climate regions. agriculture contamination 201 202 7 2 015008 0 15 08 0.15±0.08 dose infield 38.66±9.52 3866952 38 66 9 52 (38.66±9.5 m3 m 28 NOAEC (NOAEC USEPA 01500 1 0.15±0.0 38.66±9.5 386695 6 5 (38.66±9. 0150 0.15±0. 38.66±9. 38669 (38.66±9 015 0.15±0 38.66±9 3866 (38.66± 01 0.15± 38.66± 386 (38.66 0.15 38.66 (38.6 0.1 38.6 (38. 0. 38. (38 (3 (

Abstract This study aims to identify the individual community strategies to avoid violence exposure most used by adolescents from public and private schools in the IX Administrative Region of Rio de Janeiro and investigate the profile of co-occurrence and its prevalence in specific population subgroups. This is a cross-sectional study with 693 individuals. A multidimensional questionnaire collected information regarding strategies to avoid community violence exposure and was self-completed in the classroom. The most used strategies were avoiding walking close to armed people (55.5%), avoiding walking alone (30.5%), and avoiding returning home at dawn (24.7%). Girls adopt more of all (concurrently) the four limiting behaviors to reduce their community violence exposure (53% vs. 32%). Notably, the adoption of such strategies differed by socioeconomic indicators and was higher among adolescents from lower-income households. These findings point to the high frequency of use of such strategies by adolescents, which may hinder and limit the full development of their social and cultural skills. cooccurrence co occurrence subgroups crosssectional cross sectional 69 individuals selfcompleted self completed classroom 55.5%, 555 55.5% , 55 5 (55.5%) 30.5%, 305 30.5% 30 (30.5%) 24.7%. 247 24.7% . 24 7 (24.7%) concurrently (concurrently 53% 53 (53 vs 32%. 32 32% 32%) Notably lowerincome lower income households skills 6 55.5 (55.5% 30.5 3 (30.5% 24.7 2 (24.7% (5 55. (55.5 30. (30.5 24. (24.7 ( (55. (30. (24. (55 (30 (24 (3 (2

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é conhecer as estratégias individuais mais utilizadas por adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas da IX Região Administrativa do município do Rio de Janeiro para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária, bem como investigar o perfil de coocorrência e sua prevalência em subgrupos populacionais específicos. Trata-se de um estudo seccional com 693 indivíduos. As informações referentes às estratégias para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária foram coletadas por meio de questionário multidimensional autopreenchido em sala de aula. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram: evitar passar onde há pessoas armadas (55,5%), evitar andar sozinho (30,5%) e evitar voltar para casa de madrugada (24,7%). Observou-se que as meninas adotam mais todos (concomitantemente) os quatro tipos de comportamento limitantes para reduzir sua exposição à violência comunitária (53% vs. 32%). Ressalta-se que a adoção de tais estratégias diferiu segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos, sendo maior entre os adolescentes oriundos de família de estratos de renda mais baixos. Tais achados chamam a atenção para a alta frequência de utilização de tais estratégias por adolescentes, o que pode cercear e limitar o pleno desenvolvimento de suas habilidades sociais e culturais. específicos Tratase Trata se 69 indivíduos aula 55,5%, 555 55,5% , 55 5 (55,5%) 30,5% 305 30 (30,5% 24,7%. 247 24,7% . 24 7 (24,7%) Observouse Observou concomitantemente (concomitantemente 53% 53 (53 vs 32%. 32 32% 32%) Ressaltase Ressalta socioeconômicos baixos culturais 6 55,5 (55,5% 30,5 3 (30,5 24,7 2 (24,7% (5 55, (55,5 30, (30, 24, (24,7 ( (55, (30 (24, (55 (3 (24 (2

Abstract Papaya is a climacteric fruit, rapidly ripening after harvesting due to ethylene production and increased respiratory rate. This swift ripening results in softening of fruit tissues, shortening the fruit shelf life. Pre-cooling serves as an alternative to minimize fruit ripening and post-harvest losses by reducing metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-cooling on the quality and conservation of Formosa 'Tainung I' papaya. Papayas at maturation stage II were obtained from a commercial orchard with conventional production. The experimental design was a completely randomized 4×6 split-plot scheme, with pre-cooling treatments (Control, without pre-cooling treatment; pre-cooling at 15 °C in a cold chamber; pre-cooling at 7 °C in a cold chamber; and forced-air cooling at 7 °C) in the plot, and days of storage (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days) in the subplot. Pre-cooling effectively delayed the ripening and senescence of Formosa papaya, reducing the loss of green color and firmness. Regardless of the treatment used, chilling injury and incidence of fungi from the genus Fusarium and Alternaria limited the shelf life of Formosa 'Tainung I' papaya up to 21 days of storage. Additionally, the appearance of hardened regions in the pulp compromised the sensory quality of the fruits, necessitating further investigation into the causes of this disorder. rate tissues Precooling Pre postharvest post harvest metabolism precooling pre Tainung I 46 4 6 4× splitplot split plot scheme Control, Control (Control 1 C chamber forcedair forced air 0, 0 (0 14 28 3 subplot firmness used 2 Additionally fruits disorder (

Resumo O mamão é uma fruta climatérica, amadurecendo rapidamente após a colheita devido à produção de etileno e aumento da taxa respiratória. Esse amadurecimento rápido resulta no amolecimento dos tecidos da fruta, reduzindo a vida útil. O pré-resfriamento serve como uma alternativa para minimizar o amadurecimento da fruta e as perdas pós-colheita, reduzindo o metabolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pré-resfriamento na qualidade e conservação do mamão 'Tainung I' Formosa. Mamões no estágio de maturação II foram obtidos de um pomar comercial com produção convencional. O design experimental foi um esquema de parcelas divididas completamente aleatório 4×6, com tratamentos de pré-resfriamento (Controle, sem tratamento de pré-resfriamento; pré-resfriamento a 15 °C em uma câmara fria; pré-resfriamento a 7 °C em uma câmara fria; e resfriamento por ar forçado a 7 °C) na parcela, e dias de armazenamento (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias) na subparcela. O pré-resfriamento retardou efetivamente o amadurecimento e a senescência do mamão Formosa, reduzindo a perda de cor verde e firmeza. Independentemente do tratamento utilizado, lesões por frio e incidência de fungos do gênero Fusarium e Alternaria limitaram a vida útil do mamão 'Tainung I' Formosa até 21 dias de armazenamento. Além disso, o surgimento de regiões endurecidas na polpa comprometeu a qualidade sensorial das frutas, exigindo investigação adicional sobre as causas desse distúrbio. climatérica respiratória préresfriamento pré póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, pós-colheita metabolismo Tainung I convencional 46 4 6 4×6 Controle, Controle (Controle 1 C fria parcela 0, 0 (0 14 2 3 subparcela firmeza utilizado disso frutas distúrbio 4× (

Abstract Excessive salts in irrigation water and water stress have a negative impact on the productive yield of agricultural crops. In this regard, the objective was to evaluate the effect of combined saline and water stress on the agronomic performance of the beet crop. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, in Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design used was completely randomized with split-plots arrangement. The main plots were formed by the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1), while the irrigation depths of 50 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were the subplots, with 6 replications. Saline stress negatively affected growth, biomass, tuber root length, and productivity, while increasing the soluble solids of the beet crop. Excessive salts in the irrigation water caused reductions in physiological indices of the beet crop, although with less severity under the 100% ETc. crops regard AfroBrasileira, AfroBrasileira Afro Brasileira, Brasileira Afro-Brasileira Redenção Ceará splitplots split arrangement 0.8, 08 0 8 (0.8 15 1 5 1.5 30 3 3.0 45 4 4.5 60 6. m1, m1 m , m-1) 100 ETc (ETc subplots replications growth biomass length productivity 0.8 (0. 1. 3. 4. m-1 10 0. (0 m- (

Resumo O excesso de sais na água de irrigação e o estresse hídrico, afetam negativamente o rendimento produtivo das culturas agrícolas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do estresse salino associado ao hídrico no desempenho agronômico da cultura da beterraba. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em área pertencente a Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, Ceará. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram formadas pelas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,8; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1), enquanto os regimes hídricos de 50 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (Etc), foram as subparcelas, com 6 repetições. O estresse salino afetou negativamente o crescimento, a biomassa, o comprimento da raiz tuberosa e a produtividade e aumentou os sólidos solúveis da cultura da beterraba. O excesso de sais da água de irrigação provoca reduções nos índices fisiológicas da cultura da beterraba, porém com menor severidade no regime hídrico de 100% da ETc. agrícolas sentido objetivouse objetivou se beterraba vegetação AfroBrasileira, AfroBrasileira Afro Brasileira, Brasileira Afro-Brasileira Redenção Ceará casualizado subdivididas 0,8 08 0 8 (0,8 1,5 15 1 5 3,0 30 3 45 4 4, 60 6, m1, m1 m , m-1) 100 Etc, Etc (Etc) subparcelas repetições crescimento biomassa ETc 0, (0, 1, 3, m-1 10 (Etc (0 m- (

Abstract Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are the major physiologic problem in chagasic megacolon. The contraction mechanism is complex and controlled by different cell types such as enteric neurons, smooth muscle, telocytes, and an important pacemaker of the intestine, the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). The role of ICCs in the progression of acute and chronic Chagas disease remains unclear. In the present work, we investigate the aspects of ICCs in a long-term model of Chagas disease that mimics the pathological aspects of human megacolon. Different subsets of ICCs isolated from Auerbach’s myenteric plexuses and muscle layers of control and Trypanosoma cruzi infected animals were determined by analysis of CD117, CD44, and CD34 expression by flow cytometer. Compared with the respective controls, the results showed a reduced frequency of mature ICCs in the acute phase and three months after infection. These results demonstrate for the first time the phenotypic distribution of ICCs associated with functional dysfunction in a murine model of chagasic megacolon. This murine model proved valuable for studying the profile of ICCs as an integrative system in the gut and as a platform for understanding the mechanism of chagasic megacolon development. neurons telocytes intestine ICCs. . (ICCs) unclear work longterm long term Auerbachs Auerbach s CD117 CD CD44 CD3 cytometer controls infection development (ICCs CD11 CD4 CD1

Abstract The identification of meliponicultural flora is fundamental for the preservation of bees, as well as enabling the development of pollinator management and reforestation programs. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the types of pollen found in the honey and pollen pots of the Melipona fasciculata bee in Arari, State of Maranhão, between August 2022 and July 2023. 40 types of pollen were identified, distributed among 18 botanical families, with Fabaceae standing out (46.15% in pollen pots and 37.86% in honey pots), Myrtaceae (11.53% in pollen and 13.51% in honey) and Rubiaceae (7.69% in pollen and 5.40% in honey). Sapindaceae, in the honey pots, accounted for 5.40%. The other families showed lower percentages, 3.84% in the pollen pots and 2.70% in the honey pots. In terms of similarity, two distinct groups were observed in both the pollen and honey pots. In the pollen pots, group A (May-June ~ 97%) and group B (Feb-Mar ~ 99%) stood out, while in the honey pots, group A (Mar-Apr ~ 98%) and group B (Jun-Jul-Sept ~ 98%) showed the highest percentages. These findings highlight the wide range of resources used by the M. fasciculata species, as well asits preference for Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, due to the diversity and availability of trophic resources. An understanding of the meliponicultural flora is essential to support effective conservation strategies, which aim not only to guarantee the survival of the bees, but also to ensure the continued production of honey, a resource of great importance to local communities. bees programs context Arari Maranhão 202 2023 4 identified 1 46.15% 4615 46 15 (46.15 3786 37 86 37.86 , pots) 11.53% 1153 11 53 (11.53 1351 13 51 13.51 7.69% 769 7 69 (7.69 540 5 5.40 honey. . Sapindaceae percentages 384 3 84 3.84 270 2 70 2.70 similarity MayJune May June 97% 97 FebMar Feb Mar 99% 99 MarApr Apr 98% 98 JunJulSept Jun Jul Sept M species strategies communities 20 46.15 461 (46.1 378 8 37.8 11.53 115 (11.5 135 13.5 7.69 76 6 (7.6 54 5.4 38 3.8 27 2.7 9 46.1 (46. 37. 11.5 (11. 13. 7.6 (7. 5. 3. 2. 46. (46 11. (11 7. (7 (4 (1 (

Resumo A identificação da flora com potencial meliponícola é fundamental para a preservação das abelhas, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo de polinizadores e reflorestamento. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os tipos de pólen encontrados nos potes de mel e pólen da abelha Melipona fasciculata em Arari-Ma, durante o período de agosto de 2022 a julho de 2023. Foram identificados 40 tipos de pólen distribuídos em 18 famílias botânicas, com destaque para Fabaceae (46,15% nos potes de pólen e 37,86% nos potes de mel), Myrtaceae (11,53% em pólen e 13,51% em mel) e Rubiaceae com 7,69% em pólen e 5,40% em mel. Sapindaceae, nos potes de mel, representou 5,40%. As demais famílias apresentaram percentuais menores, sendo 3,84% nos potes de pólen e 2,70% nos potes de mel. Quanto à similaridade, tanto nos potes de pólen quanto nos de mel, foram observados dois grupos distintos. Nos potes de pólen, o grupo A (mai-jun ~ 97%) e o grupo B (fev-mar ~ 99%) se destacaram, enquanto nos potes de mel, o grupo A (mar-abr ~ 98%) e o grupo B (jun-jul-set ~ 98%) apresentaram maiores percentuais. Essas descobertas ressaltam a ampla gama de recursos utilizados pela espécie M. fasciculata, bem como sua preferência por Fabaceae e Myrtaceae, devido à diversidade e disponibilidade dos recursos tróficos. A compreensão da flora meliponícola é fundamental para embasar estratégias eficazes de conservação, que visam não apenas garantir a sobrevivência das abelhas, mas também assegurar a continuidade da produção de mel, um recurso de grande importância para as comunidades locais. abelhas reflorestamento contexto ArariMa, ArariMa Arari Ma, Ma Arari-Ma 202 2023 4 1 botânicas 46,15% 4615 46 15 (46,15 3786 37 86 37,86 , 11,53% 1153 11 53 (11,53 1351 13 51 13,51 769 7 69 7,69 540 5 5,40 Sapindaceae menores 384 3 84 3,84 270 2 70 2,70 similaridade distintos maijun mai jun 97% 97 fevmar fev mar 99% 99 destacaram marabr abr 98% 98 junjulset jul set M tróficos conservação locais 20 46,15 461 (46,1 378 8 37,8 11,53 115 (11,5 135 13,5 76 6 7,6 54 5,4 38 3,8 27 2,7 9 46,1 (46, 37, 11,5 (11, 13, 7, 5, 3, 2, 46, (46 11, (11 (4 (1 (