RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e validar a formação dos anéis na espinha da nadadeira peitoral de três espécies de esturjão do mar Cáspio: o esturjão-persa (Acipenser persicus), o esturjão-estrelado (Acipenser stellatus) e o esturjão-de-navio (Acipenser nudiventris), bem como determinar a coerência da marca OTC com os anéis dessas três espécies. A validação foi alcançada comparando-se o raio total da espinha da nadadeira de peixes de idade conhecida, após um e dois anos de crescimento, com o raio medido do primeiro e segundo anéis na zona. Não houve sobreposição entre o raio medido no primeiro ano e o aumento no segundo. O esturjão-de-navio mostrou a maior largura do segundo anel, seguido pelo esturjão-persa e pelo esturjão-estrelado. Os resultados indicam que o maior parâmetro de crescimento pertence ao esturjão-de-navio juvenil. Esta pesquisa mostrou que a marcação química dos espinhos das nadadeiras de juvenis de Acipenseridae leva a estimativas imparciais e contribui para o conhecimento da dinâmica populacional dessas espécies. O estudo descobriu que a combinação do anel do mostrador da barbatana peitoral espinhal com o crescimento validou a estimativa de idade em esturjão-de-navio juvenil, esturjão-persa e esturjão-estrelado.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe and validate the formation of the rings in the spine of the pectoral fin and to determine the coherence of the OTC mark with the rings of three species of Caspian Sea sturgeon, the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), the Starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris). Validation was achieved by comparing the total radius of the fin spine of fish of known age after one and two years of growth with the measured radius of the first and second rings in the zone. There was no overlap between the measured radius for the first year and the increase for the second. The Ship sturgeon showed the largest width of the second ring followed by the Persian sturgeon and Stellate sturgeon. The results indicate that the highest growth parameter belongs to the juvenile Ship sturgeon. This research showed that chemically marking the fin spines of juvenile Acipenseridae leads to unbiased estimates and contributes to the knowledge of the population dynamics of these species. The study found that the combination of the dial ring of the pectoral fin spine with growth validated the age estimation in juvenile sturgeon Ship, Persian, and Starry sturgeon.

SUMMARY: The morphology of the sagittal otolith of Great sturgeon (Huso huso), Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) species from the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea were studied. Three otolith measurements and three shape indices were recorded from 90 sturgeon specimens. Fish biometry traits were measured and relationship between sagittal otolith length (OL)-total length (TL), and sagittal otolith weight (WO)-body weight of fish (BW) were estimated. Sagittal otolith has a triangle shape with irregular edges in great sturgeon, elongate triangle with smooth surfaces in Persian sturgeon, and relatively circular with smooth surface in starry sturgeon. The ratio of the WO/BW in starry sturgeon was significantly higher ( P <0.05) than great sturgeon and Persian sturgeon. There is a direct proportional relationship between BW and WO in Persian sturgeon (r2=0.7), great sturgeon (r2=0.9) and starry sturgeon (r2=0.9). Regression line slope for these relationships in starry sturgeon were less than Persian sturgeon and great sturgeon. Furtheremore, there is significant linear regression between OL-TL. Results showed that it is possible to identify Caspian sturgeon species based on body morphometry and sagittal otolith characteristics.

RESUMEN: Se estudió la morfología del otolito sagital del gran esturión (Huso huso), el esturión persa (Acipenser persicus) y el esturión estrellado (Acipenser stellatus) de las aguas iraníes del Mar Caspio. Se registraron tres mediciones de otolitos y tres índices de forma, de 90 especímenes de esturión. Se midieron los rasgos de la biometría de los peces y se estimó la relación entre la longitud del otolito sagital (LO) - longitud total (LT) y el peso del otolito (PO) - peso del cuerpo de los peces (PC). El otolito sagital tiene forma de triángulo con márgenes irregulares en el gran estu- rión (Huso huso), triángulo alargado con superficies lisas en estu- rión persa y relativamente circular con superficie lisa en esturión estrellado. La relación del PO / PC en el esturión estrellado fue significativamente mayor (P <0.05) que el gran esturión y el estu- rión persa. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre PC y PO en el esturión persa (r2 = 0.7), el gran esturión (r2 = 0.9) y el esturión estrellado (r2 = 0.9). La pendiente de la línea de regresión para estas relaciones en el esturión estrellado fue menor que el esturión persa y el gran esturión. Por otra parte, existe una regresión lineal significativa entre LO-LT. Los resultados mostraron que es posible identificar especies de esturión del Caspio basadas en la morfometría corporal y las características del otolito sagital.

Purpose Emergency double-J (DJ) stenting following “uncomplicated” ureteroscopic (UURS) stone treatment is both morbid and costly. Our study aims at identifying those patients who are more likely to require such an extra procedure. Handling of this complication will also be highlighted. Materials and Methods 319 cases of UURS cases were selected out of 903 patients, who were admitted for URS stone treatment at King Abdullah University Hospital during the period from May, 2003 to December, 2010. Thirty-eight of them (11.9%) had emergency post-URS DJ stenting within 24 hours of discharge. The medical records of all UURS cases were retrospectively reviewed. Comparison in demographic and stone-related variables was made using 2-paired t-test with P < 0.05. Operative findings of 38 stented patients were outlined. Results Significant risk factors for emergency stenting were noted in males with larger (>1.5 cm) and proximal stones (38 stented vs. 281 unstented). Operative risk factors among the 38 patients were: initial procedure time > 45 minutes (42.1%), ureteral wall edema (21.1%), repeated access for stones > 1.5 cm (21.1%), impacted stone (10.5%) and ignored or missed stones/fragments (4.6%). Conclusions The need for emergency DJ stenting following UURS stone treatment is not uncommon. The routine insertion is impractical and weakly-supported. With risk-factor stratification, selective and individualized DJ stenting policy is recommended.

OBJECTIVES: The most common indication for treatment of varicocele is still male subfertility. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of infertility duration on semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rate after varicocelectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 183 infertile patients with clinical varicocele were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the duration of infertility (group I, 1-3 years, group II, 3-6 years and group III, > 6 years). Total sperm motility counts (TMCs) before and after varicocelectomy and spontaneous pregnancy rate among these groups were statistically compared. RESULTS: The greatest changes, regarding preoperative and postoperative TMCs and spontaneous pregnancy rate were noticed between group I and III. Preoperative TMCs in group I and III was 15.2 ± 1.2, 7.8 ± 1.4, respectively (p < 0.05). Postoperative TMCs in group I and III was 33.7 ± 2.5, 25.2 ± 1.9, respectively (p < 0.05). An overall spontaneous pregnancy rate of 34.4% was achieved after inguinal varicocelectomy. The greatest spontaneous pregnancy rate was achieved in Group I (37.3%), and the lowest pregnancy rate in Group III (26.3%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical varicocelectomy improves the total sperm motility counts especially in patients who have a TMCS more than 5 million and improves the spontaneous pregnancy rates. The improvement in the spontaneous pregnancy rates after varicocelectomy correlates negatively with the duration of infertility. Therefore, duration of infertility should be considered in treating a patient with a varicocele as a cause of infertility.

Conventional and neutral high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) adsorbs on some colloids and fines, flocculating them into flocs. Addition of a cofactor (CF) makes PEO adsorb on all types of colloids and fines, flocculating them into larger flocs. Homoflocculation of fines with PEO alone and with CF added prior to PEO were investigated in this work at low and high effective shear rates. CF role was investigated: it enhanced flocculation amplitude and rate by several magnitudes relative to PEO used alone, and was ascribed to the CF action to stiffen and extend PEO coils. Considering CF-PEO abilities in homoflocculation and in heteroflocculation as recorded in the literature, combination of homo - and heteroflocculation can now be applied to processes. Formed flocs and individual particles will simultaneously deposit onto fibers and, when filtered, particles will be retained in the fiber cake. This technique can be applied in industry processes and water treatment.

PURPOSE: Define a group of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, whose risk of bone metastasis is low enough to omit a bone scan staging study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2009, the medical records of patients who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. The data collected included: age, digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, clinical T stage, and bone isotope scan. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of bone isotope scan; positive group and negative group. A univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Of the 106 patients, 98 had a complete data collection and were entered into the study. The median age of the patients was 70.5 years and patients with a positive bone scan was 74 years, significantly higher than for patients with negative scans (69 years) (p = 0.02). Bone metastasis was detected in 39 cases (39.7%). In all patients with clinical T1-2 stage, a Gleason score of < 8 and PSA = 20 ng/mL, the bone isotope scans were negative. In univariate analysis, PSA (> 20 ng/mL) and Gleason score (> 7) were independently predictive of positive bone scan, while clinical stage was not. CONCLUSION: Staging bone scans can be omitted in patients with a PSA level of = 20 ng/mL, and Gleason score < 8. Our results suggest that by considering the Gleason score and PSA, a larger proportion of patients with prostate cancer could avoid a staging bone scan.

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of minimally invasive techniques has broadened interest in splenectomy for a variety of haematological illnesses. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is currently considered the gold standard for the treatment of various haematological disorders. PURPOSE: The literature was reviewed to highlight points of consensus and debatable points regarding best practice in LS, looking at issues such as bleeding and conversion, splenomegaly, splenic retrieval techniques, types of instruments used, hand-assisted LS (HALS), complications, approaches, accessory spleen and splenosis. Our goal was to share our experience with LS and compare it with other reports. BACKGROUND: LS has emerged as the standard of care for elective splenectomy for benign haematological diseases. However, doubts have been raised regarding the suitability of patients with splenomegaly for LS. There is also uncertainty about its efficacy in major trauma. HALS has emerged as an option for safe manipulation and splenic dissection. METHOD: We performed 25 consecutive LSs at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Jordan, from 2001 to 2008. Patient demographics, operative time, intra- and postoperative complications, conversion rate, additional procedures and length of hospital stay were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.8 years (range 11 - 77 years), mean operative time was 132 minutes (90 - 170 minutes), and length of hospital stay was 2.9 (standard deviation 2.7) days. One case was converted to open surgery (5%). There was 1 case of superficial wound infection in the series (5%), and no deaths. CONCLUSION: LS is a well-accepted minimally invasive procedure, but knowledge and skill are required to perform it with minimal morbidity and mortality.