Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

Considering the possibility that pesticides used in cattle raising produce residues in milk and cause harm to public health, this study developed a multiresidue method for determination of pesticide residues in bovine milk, using a modified QuEChERS method for sample preparation, and quantification by GC-MS/MS. The method proved to be efficient, resulting in satisfactory recoveries in the range 71.1 to 117.4%, for 45 of the 48 compounds analyzed with RSD values < 17.3%. The method LOD and LOQ were3.0 and 10.0 µg L-1, respectively, except for cyfluthrin which showed 7.5 and 25.0 µg L-1.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a estrutura e a diversidade molecular de quatro populações de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) associadas às culturas de milho e arroz no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas lagartas de quatro populações em áreas isoladas (distanciadas em mais de 300 km) nos municípios de Santa Rosa (milho) e Uruguaiana (arroz irrigado) e em áreas adjacentes, no município de Pelotas (milho e arroz irrigado). A análise de 40 lagartas (10 de cada população), com cinco combinações de oligonucleotídios iniciadores geraram o total de 241 locos, dentre os quais 229 (95%) foram polimórficos. O dendrograma gerado pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA, baseado na matriz de similaridade de Dice, mostrou sobreposições entre as lagartas das populações estudadas. Os índices de diversidade evidenciaram que 88% da diversidade genética foi observada dentro das populações e 12% entre as populações de S. frugiperda. O dendrograma gerado pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA, baseado na matriz de dissimilaridade das distâncias euclidianas, evidenciou a existência de uma diferenciação entre as populações de acordo com a planta hospedeira, sendo os locos 42 e 47 (M-CTG/E-ACC) capazes de detectar 100% das diferenças genéticas. Esses resultados sugerem que a variação genética das populações de S. frugiperda está associada às plantas hospedeiras, confirmando a presença dos biótipos "milho" e "arroz" de S. frugiperda no Rio Grande do Sul.

The goal of this work was to analyze the molecular structure and diversity of four Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) populations associated to the corn and rice crops in Rio Grande do Sul State. Four populations of caterpillars were collected from distinct areas (more than 300 km apart), from the counties of Santa Rosa (corn) and Uruguaiana (irrigated rice), and in adjacent areas in Pelotas county (corn and irrigated rice). The analysis of 40 caterpillars (10 from each population), with five combinations of primers generated a total of 241 loci, among then 229 (95%) were polymorphic. The dendrogram generated by the clustering method UPGMA, based on the Dice similarity matrix, showed overlappings among the studied populations. The diversity indexes evidenced that 88% of the genetic diversity was observed within populations and 12% between S. frugiperda populations. The dendrogram generated by clustering UPGMA method, based on the dissimilarity matrix from the euclydean distances, evidenced the existence of a differentiation among populations according to the host plant, being the loci 42 and 47 (M-CTG/E-ACC) capable of detecting 100% of the genetic differences. These results showed that the genetic variation of S. frugiperda populations is associated to host plants, confirming the presence of the "corn" and "rice" biotypes of S. frugiperda in Rio Grande do Sul State.