ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, low-intensity systemic inflammation frequently associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Materials and methods: Given that chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, we investigated if chronic obesity that was initiated early in life – lasting through adulthood – could be more harmful to memory impairment and mood fluctuations such as depression. Results: Here we show that pre-pubertal male rats (30 days old) treated with a high-fat diet (40%) for 8-months gained ~50% more weight when compared to controls, exhibited depression and anxiety-like behaviors but no memory impairment. The prefrontal cortex of the obese rats exhibited an increase in the expression of genes related to inflammatory response, such as NFKb, MMP9, CCl2, PPARb, and PPARg. There were no alterations in genes known to be related to depression. Conclusion: Long-lasting obesity with onset in prepuberal age led to depression and neuroinflammation but not to memory impairment.

The present study reports the stability profile of an antithrombotic drug: dabigatran etexilate (DAB). The drug was subjected to thermal degradation at 60 ºC and products formed were investigated by liquid chromatography-UV (LC-UV) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Chromatographic separation of the degradation products was performed on a GL Sciences Inc. Inertsil ODS-2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., with a particle size of 5 µm and pore size of 110 Å) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5; 10 mmol L−1) (65:35, v/v) pumped at 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate. Column temperature was set at 30 ºC and detection at 225 nm using a UV detector. LC-UV method previously validated was extended to LC-ESI-MS for the characterization of the degradation products (DP-01 and DP-02) formed, without complicated isolation or purification processes, based on retention times and confirmation of molecular weight. Degradation kinetics of DAB was also evaluated and could be described as a first-order process (R2= 0.9900). Furthermore, no evidence of cytotoxicity in human mononuclear cells was observed for DAB degraded samples.

Cerâmicas de BaZrO3 foram produzidas a partir de pós sintetizados pelo método de Pechini modificado. Os pós apresentaram tamanho médio de partícula de ~130 nm e 100% de fase cristalina de BaZrO3 depois de tratados termicamente a 800 °C / 2h. Os corpos sinterizados apresentaram alta densidade relativa (98%) e tamanho médio de grão de ~1 µm, para a condição experimental otimizada de 1250 °C / 6 h, em atmosfera ambiente. As temperaturas de calcinação e sinterização, fase cristalina, densidades dos corpos cerâmicos e a microestrutura foram determinadas e comparadas com amostras de referência preparadas por reação no estado sólido.

BaZrO3 ceramics were obtained from powders synthesized by Pechini´s modified method. The powders showed average particle size of ~130 nm and 100% of crystalline phase after heat-treated at 800 °C / 2 h. The sintered ceramics presented high relative density (98%) and average grain size of ~ 1 µm for experimental condition of 1250 °C / 6 h, at ambient atmosphere. The calcination and sintering temperatures, crystalline phase, relative density and microstructure were determinate and the results were compared to a reference sample produced by solid state reaction.

A síntese de filmes finos de TiO2 por meio do método MOCVD é descrita. Foi estudada a influência de parâmetros de deposição usados durante o crescimento nas características estruturais obtidas. Foram combinados diferentes temperaturas do banho organometálico, tempo de deposição, temperatura e tipo do substrato. A forte influência destes parâmetros na microestrutura final dos filmes foi estudada por meio de diferentes técnicas: microscopia eletrônica de varredura associada com espectroscopia eletrônica de dispersão de raios X, microscopia de força atômica e difração de raios X.

In this work we report the synthesis of TiO2 thin films by the Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) method. The influence of deposition parameters used during the growth in the obtained structural characteristics was studied. Different temperatures of the organometallic bath, deposition time, temperature and type of the substrate were combined. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy associated to Electron Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction, the strong influence of these parameters in the thin films final microstructure was verified.

A síntese de filmes finos de TiO2 foi feita pelo método de deposição química do vapor de organometálicos (MOCVD). Foi estudada a influência de parâmetros de deposição usados durante o crescimento, nas características estruturais finais. Foi feita uma combinação de vários parâmetros experimentais: temperatura do banho do organometálico, tempo de deposição, e temperatura e tipo do substrato. A forte influência destes parâmetros na microestrutura final do filme foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectroscopia de raios X dispersiva de elétrons, microscopia de força atômica e difração de raios X.

The synthesis of TiO2 thin films was carried out by the Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) method. The influence of deposition parameters used during growth on the final structural characteristics was studied. A combination of the following experimental parameters was studied: temperature of the organometallic bath, deposition time, and temperature and substrate type. The high influence of those parameters on the final thin film microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi, baseando-se em estudos biológicos, determinar uma dieta adequada para criação de Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) em laboratório, que permitisse a criação deste hospedeiro alternativo para produção em massa de Trichogramma. A pesquisa foi conduzida a 25 ± 1ºC; UR 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. Seis dietas artificiais foram comparadas: a) farinha de trigo integral (48,5%), arroz triturado (48,5%) e açúcar (3%); b) arroz triturado (97%) e açúcar (3%); c) farinha de trigo integral (48,5%), farinha de arroz (48,5%) e açúcar (3%); d) farinha de trigo integral (97%) e levedura de cerveja (3%); e) germe de trigo (97%) e levedura de cerveja (3%); f) farelo de arroz (94%), açúcar (3%) e levedura de cerveja (3%). Todas as dietas estudadas permitiram o desenvolvimento de C. cephalonica, embora as dietas à base de germe de trigo e levedura de cerveja e aquela composta de farelo de arroz, açúcar e levedura de cerveja tenham sido as mais adequadas para a criação da traça. Essas dietas reduziram o ciclo total (ovo-adulto), concentraram o período de postura e produziram adultos mais pesados. Nesses meios foram obtidos, por meio do estudo de tabelas de vida de fertilidade, maiores taxas líquidas de reprodução (Ro) e razão finita de aumento (lambda).

The objective of this research was, based on biological studies, to determine and adequate diet for rearing Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) in the laboratory so as to permit the rearing of this factitious host for Trichogramma mass production. The research was conducted at 25 ± 1ºC, RH 60 ± 10% and photophase of 14 hours. Six artificial diets were compared: a) whole wheat flour (48.5%), ground rice (48.5%) and sugar (3%); b) ground rice (97%) and sugar (3%); c) whole wheat flour (48.5%), rice flour (48.5%) an sugar (3%); d) whole wheat flour (97%) and yeast (3%); e) wheat germ (97%) and yeast (3%); f) rice bran (94%), sugar (3%) and yeast (3%); f) rice bran (94%), sugar (3%) and yeast (3%). All of the diets studied permitted the development of C. cephalonica although the diets with wheat germ and yeast and that consisting of rice bran, sugar and yeast proved to be the most adequate for rearing the moth. These diets reduced the total (egg-adult) cycle, shortened the egg laying period, and produced heavier adults. Studies on the fertility life tables showed that higher net reproduction rates (Ro) and finite ratio of increase (lambda) were obtained from adults reared on these diets.