Resumen Las variantes atípicas del Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) incluyen debilidad y síntomas sensitivos asimétricos, de predominio distal o proximal, dolor difuso o compromiso aislado de pares craneales previo al inicio de los síntomas, irritabilidad, meningismo y marcha inestable. Objetivo: describir el siguiente caso de SGB de presentación atípica en un paciente pediátrico dada por debilidad asimétrica, alteración de la marcha y compromiso unilateral del XII par craneal. Caso Clínico: adolescente masculino afrocolombiano, con hemiparesia izquierda de inicio distal, alteración de la marcha, ataxia, dificultad para la elevación y lateralización izquierda de la lengua. El diagnóstico se apoyó en el estudio de líquido cefalorraquídeo con disociación albumino citológica, resonancia magnética que mostró realce de raíces nerviosas y estudios de neuroconducción compatibles con polineuropatía de tipo axonal en miembros inferiores. Conclusiones: las presentaciones atípicas del SGB constituyen un reto diagnóstico, la debilidad asimétrica y el compromiso de XII par craneal obligan a descartar otras patologías. La historia clínica y el examen físico apoyados en estudios complementarios de líquido cefalorraquídeo, neuroimagen y neuroconducción son útiles para confirmar SGB. El conocimiento de las variables atípicas de SGB en la población pediátrica es indispensable para la identificación oportuna y tratamiento precoz.

Abstract Atypical variants of Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) include asymmetric weakness and sensory symptoms, predominantly distal or proximal, diffuse pain or isolated involvement of cranial nerves prior to the onset of symptoms, irritability, meningismus and unsteady gait. Objective: to describe the following case of GBS with atypical presentation in a pediatric patient due to asymmetric weakness, gait disturbance, and unilateral involvement of the XII cranial nerve. Clinical Case: Afro-Colombian male adolescent, with left hemiparesis of distal onset, gait disturbance, ataxia, difficulty in lifting and left lateralization of the tongue. The diagnosis was supported by the study of cerebrospinal fluid with cytological albumin dissociation, magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement of nerve roots and neuroconduction studies compatible with axonal-type polyneuropathy in the lower limbs. Conclusions: atypical presentations of GBS constitute a diagnostic challenge, the asymmetric weakness, and the compromise of the XII cranial nerve make it necessary to rule out other pathologies. Clinical history and physical examination supported by complementary studies of cerebrospinal fluid, neuroimaging and neuroconduction are useful to confirm GBS. Knowledge of the atypical variables of GBS in the pediatric population is essential for timely identification and early treatment.

Abstract Fine motor skills (FMS) allow for the control and coordination of the distal musculature of hands and fingers, a skill required to brush teeth. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between FMS and toothbrushing efficacy. This cross-sectional study included 42 low-income Latino children aged 5 to 9 years from Pasto, Colombia. Toothbrushing efficacy was determined by the children’s dental plaque Quigley-Hein Index (QH-I) mean-score difference from before and after toothbrushing. FMS were evaluated using the 5–15R parent evaluation, the spiral drawing Archimedes test, and a neurodevelopmental assessment of movements and prehension patterns during toothbrushing. A descriptive analysis was performed to assess the characteristics of FMS and children’s toothbrushing, and a generalized linear model was used to determine associations between these skills and toothbrushing efficacy. Eighty-six percent of the children had at least one difficulty with FMS, and in 7%, they interfered with daily activities. Fourteen percent presented a moderate pattern in the Archimedes test, and 43% had inefficient prehension patterns. Toothbrushing reduced the QH-I by a mean of 1.45 (SD = 0.78–2.12) (p < 0.001). Toothbrushing efficacy was only significantly associated with age (mean-difference = -0.315, 95%CI: -0.481 to -0.148, p < 0.001). FMS and toothbrushing efficacy were not significantly associated. Other components of fine motor control should be analyzed to understand the kinetics of toothbrushing.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high impact on individuals who experience it and their families. In 2010, the Chilean Health System included PD in the Health's explicit guarantees, and clinical guidelines were developed for the diagnosis and management of PD. We reviewed the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of PD published in the literature worldwide, in order to adapt them to our country's reality from the perspective of a national group of experts.

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva de alto impacto para las personas que la sufren y sus familiares. El año 2010 el Ministerio de Salud de Chile la incorporó al sistema de garantías explicitas en Salud, lo que dio origen al desarrollo de las guías clínicas para el manejo de la EP. Un grupo de expertos nacionales realizó una revisión de las guías sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EPpublicadas en la literatura a nivel mundial, con el propósito de evaluarlas y adaptarlas a la realidad chilena.