The continuous search for biologically active compound candidates pushes the pursuit of new substances produced by diverse organisms. Endophytic fungi are known as a promising source of metabolites with several biological activities. Based on the rich Amazonian biodiversity and the chemical potential of microbial sources, three Talaromyces strains, all major endophytes from their respective host plants, were studied aiming at the isolation of biologically active secondary metabolites. Through classical chromatographic approaches, 13 compounds were isolated from the antimicrobial extracts of the studied strains. From these, polyketides, steroids, anhydrides, and phenolic compounds were identified. Among them, two previously undescribed compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, a homodimer chromanone and a maleic anhydride methyl ester. The antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms from extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was evaluated.

Foram analisados 70 episódios de Paracoccidioidomicose em 63 crianças com menos de 15 anos de idade (variação de 2 a 15 anos, mediana = 8 anos, média ± 1 DP = 8 ± 3 anos), no período de fevereiro de 1981 a maio de 2001. As principais manifestações clínicas e alterações laboratoriais à admissão foram: linfonodomegalia (87,1%), febre (75,7%), fraqueza (48,6%), palidez (41,4%), hepatomegalia (40,4%), esplenomegalia (35,7%), anemia (90%), hipergamaglobulinemia (88,5%), eosinofilia (75,5%) e hipoalbuminemia 72,5%. À admissão, 35,7% das crianças apresentavam desnutrição moderada e grave (critério de Gómez). Os resultados de radiografia simples e cintilografia óssea revelaram lesões ósseas em 20 episódios, a maioria constituída de lesões múltiplas e líticas, envolvendo ossos longos (70%) e planos (30%). A droga de escolha para o tratamento foi a associação sulfametoxazol-trimetoprina, sendo empregada isoladamente em 50 episódios. O seguimento de alguns resultados laboratoriais (dosagem de hemoglobina e contagem de eosinófilos no sangue periférico, dosagem de albumina e gamaglobulina séricas) revelou melhora significativa após o 1º e 6º mês da admissão, sendo muito útil para avaliação da eficácia terapêutica. Quatro pacientes evoluíram com seqüelas (6,3%) e seis (9,3%) morreram. Pode-se concluir que as formas juvenil e disseminada da PCM são prevalentes em crianças menores que 15 anos, ocorrendo em 70% dos episódios, apresentando-se como uma síndrome linfoproliferativa febril associada a anemia, eosinofilia e hipergamaglobulinemia.

From February, 1981 to May, 2001, 63 children under 15 y old (ages 2 - 15 y, median = 8 y, mean ± 1 SD = 8 ± 3 y) presenting 70 episodes of Paracoccidioidomycosis were admitted. The main clinical manifestations and laboratory features observed upon admission were: lymph node enlargement (87.1%), fever (75.7%), weakness (48.6%), pallor (41.4%), hepatomegaly (40%), splenomegaly (35.7%), anemia (90%), hypergammaglobulinemia (88.5%), eosinophilia (75.5%) and hypoalbuminemia (72.5%). Moderate to severe malnutrition was detected in 35.7% of the episodes (Gomez's criterion). Radiographic and technetium studies showed bone lesions in 20 of the episodes, most of them being multiple lytic lesions, involving both long (70%) and plain bones (30%). First line treatment consisted of an association of sulfametoxazole-trimethoprin, which was used, exclusively, in 50 episodes. Follow-up of hemoglobin levels, number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood, albumin and gammaglobulin serum levels revealed significant sequential improvement one and six months after hospital admission, being quite useful to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Six patients died (9.3%) and four developed sequelae (6.3%) . In conclusion, the juvenile and disseminated forms can be observed in about 70% of the episodes of PCM occurring in children younger than 15 y old, most of them presenting with a febrile lymphoproliferative syndrome associated to anemia, eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia.

Entre 1990 e 1998 foram analisadas, do ponto de vista clínico, 42 crianças com diagnóstico de doença cerebrovascular, internadas no Hospital das Clínicas da FCM-UNICAMP. O distúrbio cerebrovascular mais frequente foi do tipo isquêmico com acometimento predominante da artéria cerebral média, sendo o quadro clínico agudo caracterizado por manifestações epilépticas e alterações motoras, principalmente em crianças de idade precoce. A avaliação do seguimento das crianças mostrou predomínio de sequelas motoras.

We report the findings recorded in 42 children suffering cerebrovascular disease and assisted at the Hospital das Clínicas FCM-UNICAMP, over a 8 years period (January 1990 until April 1998). The ischemic type was the most common, and involvement of the middle cerebral artery, sudden onset of clinical manifestation with seizures and motor disability were more common in early aged children. Motor sequelae predominated in the follow-up of these children.