ABSTRACT Objective: Inflammation causes the progressive destruction of the supporting tissues around teeth in patients with periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunological effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as adjunctive therapy in patients with periodontal disease and identify potential biomarkers for the disease. Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to investigate the impact of omega-3 therapy with or without acetylsalicylic acid on the immunological parameters of periodontal treatment. Eligible studies included those conducted on patients with normoglycemia and diabetes, published after 2002 in English, and containing relevant keywords. The exclusion criteria included pre-2002 publications, literature reviews, animal studies, and articles without immunological analysis. This review involved careful study selection by two double-blind researchers using the Rayyan software, with data extraction and analysis performed by the third and fourth reviewers. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials that compared control/placebo and n-3 PUFA groups or the follow-ups of the n-3 PUFA groups were included. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was reduced following dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA in the reviewed studies. Specifically, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and RANKL levels were reduced after dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Changes in inflammatory outcomes were associated with the clinical benefits of periodontitis. However, significant divergence in the evaluated inflammatory markers, samples, and methods impairs direct comparisons and quantitative analyses in the available literature. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for clinical trials to advance our understanding and assessment of inflammatory outcomes in patients with periodontitis. Objective periodontitis Therefore omega3 omega 3 omega- n3 n (n- PUFAs Methods MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses treatment diabetes 200 English keywords pre2002 pre pre-200 publications reviews doubleblind double blind software reviewers Results controlplacebo control placebo n- followups follow ups Specifically IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 However markers samples Conclusion (n 20 pre200 pre-20 IL- 2 pre20 pre-2 pre2 pre-

ABSTRACT: Inca civilization is a subject of great fascination due to its rapid development and successful oral aging centuries ago. Their diet was primarily plant-based, with lean animal protein, nuts, and seeds, and lacked fermentable sugars, preventing non-communicable diseases, such as caries and periodontal diseases. Developing national ageing policies and strategies to improve oral functionality and tackle economic barriers to a balanced diet, ensuring better nutrition and quality of life for older people are necessary to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with the World Health Organization estimating its necessity in meeting 12 of the 17 SDGs. Such policies would also honor our native ancestors.

Abstract Despite the recognized impact of diet on non-communicable diseases, the association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontal diseases is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) and self-reported gingival health status in Chilean adults, exploring the feasibility of using validated web-based survey questionnaires. Methodology Cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of a population of Chilean adults (18-60 years old) using a low-cost and time-saving methodology. By the PsyToolkit platform, anonymous survey data were downloaded and analyzed in bivariate (crude) and backward stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic determinants, smoking, and dental attendance using STATA 17. Odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals] were estimated. Results In total, 351 complete statistical data were mostly obtained from female university students who had never smoked and reported having visited a dentist in the previous year. Multivariate regression models showed an association between MDI and very good/good gingival health status (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], p=0.013), absence of bleeding on toothbrushing (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.25], p=0.035), and absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.40], p<0.001), after controlling for age, sex, educational level, smoking, and dental attendance. Conclusions We associated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with better self-reported gingival health status in a population of Chilean adults in an entirely web-based research environment. Longitudinal studies with random sampling are required to establish the effect of diet on gingival and periodontal health. Nevertheless, this evidence could contribute to the design of low-cost surveillance programs to reduce the burden of periodontal disease and related “common risk factors”. noncommunicable non communicable uncertain (MDI selfreported self webbased web based questionnaires Crosssectional Cross sectional 1860 18 60 (18-6 old lowcost low cost timesaving time saving methodology platform crude (crude determinants smoking 17 OR 95% 95 [95 intervals estimated total 35 year goodgood good 118 1 1.1 1.041.34, 104134 1.04 1.34 , 04 34 1.04-1.34] p=0.013, p0013 p p=0.013 0 013 p=0.013) 112 12 1.011.25, 101125 1.01 1.25 01 25 1.01-1.25] p=0.035, p0035 p=0.035 035 p=0.035) 124 24 1.2 1.101.40, 110140 1.10 1.40 10 40 1.10-1.40] p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 001 p<0.001) age sex level environment Nevertheless common factors. factors . factors” 186 6 (18- 9 [9 3 11 1. 041 1.041.34 10413 104 1.0 134 1.3 1.04-1.34 p001 p=0.01 011 1.011.25 10112 101 125 2 1.01-1.25 p003 p=0.03 03 1.101.40 11014 110 140 1.4 4 1.10-1.40 p000 p<0.00 00 (18 [ 1.041.3 1041 13 1.04-1.3 p00 p=0.0 1.011.2 1011 1.01-1.2 1.101.4 1101 14 1.10-1.4 p<0.0 (1 1.041. 1.04-1. p0 p=0. 1.011. 1.01-1. 1.101. 1.10-1. p<0. ( 1.041 1.04-1 p=0 1.011 1.01-1 1.101 1.10-1 p<0 1.04- p= 1.01- 1.10- p<

Abstract The thermal and mechanical indices are the best estimators of fetal risk in an ultrasound and their values should be controlled in order to minimize exposure as much as possible. We compared the values of the thermal and mechanical indices obtained in obstetric ultrasound examinations of pregnant patients, with the value recommended by the international community. These indices were estimated in 421 obstetric ultrasounds during 2019. The estimated values were compared with each other and with the recommended value for each index and according to the display mode (B, color Doppler and spectral Doppler). Of the total sample, for the thermal index in color Doppler mode, 0.24% exceeded the recommended standard value and 2.85%. in spectral Doppler mode. For the mechanical index, the recommended value was exceeded in B mode by 11.16%, in 8.08% in color Doppler mode and, finally, by 0.48% for spectral Doppler mode. The mechanical and thermal indices in this sample of obstetric ultrasound examinations are on average below the reference value. However, there is a significant number of cases in which the standards are exceeded, which should be a warning to the medical community.

Resumen Los índices térmico y mecánico son estimadores de riesgo fetal en una ecografía y se deben controlar sus valores minimizando la exposición. Comparamos los valores de los índices térmico y mecánico obtenidos en exámenes ecográficos obstétricos de pacientes gestantes, con el valor recomendado por la comunidad internacional. Se realizó la estimación de estos índices en 421 ecografías obstétricas en 2019. Los valores fueron comparados entre ellos y con el valor recomendado para cada índice y según el modo de visualización (B, Doppler color y Doppler espectral). Del total de la muestra, para el índice térmico en modo Doppler color un 0,24% superó el valor estándar recomendado y en modo Doppler espectral un 2,85%. Para el índice mecánico se sobrepasó el valor recomendado en modo B en un 11,16%, en un 8,08% en modo Doppler color y, por último, en un 0,48% para el modo Doppler espectral. Los índices mecánico y térmico en esta muestra de exámenes ecográficos obstétricos se encuentran en promedio bajo el valor de referencia. Sin embargo, existe un número importante de casos en que se superan las normas, lo que debe ser una voz de alerta para la comunidad médica.

ABSTRACT: Aim: To describe the role of Oral Health in national strategies and health policies for the comprehensive management and control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the 38 member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Method: A scoping review was carried out, according to the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Government reports, clinical practice guidelines, official WHO and OECD documents, and review articles identified in PubMED and LiLACS were included up to December 2020. The following were synthesized: 1) Inclusion of Oral Health in national plans or clinical guidelines for DM2, 2) Dental benefits and coverage for DM2 and 3) Health indicators associated with the control of DM2. Results: 84 documents were included. 1) Oral Health is incorporated in the national plans of 22 OECD countries for the control of DM2. 2) Of these, 8 provide dental care with high coverage for DM2. 3) OECD countries with high dental coverage have the best indicators of metabolic control of DM2. Conclusions: In the framework of Global Health, countries that do not have Oral Health integrated could benefit if they add dental care in the comprehensive management and control of DM2.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Describir el rol de la Salud Oral en las estrategias nacionales y políticas sanitarias para el manejo integral y control de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) en los 38 Estados miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico (OCDE). Materiales y Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria, siguiendo la pauta PRISMA-ScR. Se incluyeron reportes gubernamentales, guías de práctica clínica, documentos oficiales OMS y OCDE, y artículos identificados en PubMED y LiLACS hasta diciembre de 2020. Se sintetizó: 1) Inclusión de la Salud Oral en planes nacionales o guías clínicas de DM2, 2) Prestaciones y cobertura odontológica para DM2 y 3) Indicadores de salud asociados al control de DM2. Resultados: 84 documentos fueron incluidos. 1) La Salud Oral está incorporada en los planes nacionales de 22 países OCDE para el control de DM2. 2) De estos, 8 garantizan la atención odontológica con alta cobertura para DM2. 3) Países OCDE con alta cobertura odontológica presentan los mejores indicadores de control metabólico de DM2. Conclusiones: En el marco de la Salud Global, países que no tienen integrada la salud oral podrían beneficiarse si incorporan la atención odontológica con cobertura universal en el manejo integral y control de la DM2.

ABSTRACT: Aim: To summarize the evidence on epidemiological studies about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in Chile. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in two databases to identify population studies at national, regional, provincial and community levels, as well as reports from primary and secondary dental care services, regarding TDI in Chile. Results: Two studies with national representation and eight studies from primary and secondary healthcare centers were included in the analysis. National prevalence for 6-year-old children was 2.57%, and 4.97% for 12-year-old children. While the most frequent diagnosis in primary dentition was traumatic injury involving tooth-supporting tissues, the most commonly reported diagnosis in permanent dentition was crown fracture. Single tooth affection was more frequent, and the upper central incisors were the most affected teeth. Conclusions: Data on representative studies about TDIs in Chile are scarce. Few studies, carried out more than a decade ago and only on 6- and 12-year-old children are available. There is a need for further epidemiological information about TDIs in Chile.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Sintetizar los resultados de estudios epidemiológicos sobre Traumatismo Dentoalveolar (TDA) en la población chilena. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar estudios poblacionales a nivel nacional, regional, provincial y comunal, además de datos de servicios dentales de atención primaria y secundaria sobre TDA en Chile. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2 estudios con representatividad nacional y 8 realizados en centros de atención en salud. A nivel nacional, la prevalencia de TDA a los 6 años fue de un 2.57%, y a los 12 años, 4.97%. En los estudios realizados en centros de salud, el diagnóstico más prevalente en dentición primaria fueron las lesiones de tejidos de soporte y en dentición permanente, la fractura coronaria. Fue más frecuente la afectación de un solo diente, y los incisivos centrales superiores fueron los dientes más afectados. Conclusiones: Los estudios representativos de la población en Chile son escasos, realizados hace más de una década y representativos sólo de la población de 6 y 12 años, lo cual pone de manifiesto la necesidad de mayor información epidemiológica sobre el TDA en la población chilena.

ABSTRACT: Down Syndrome is a genetic condition identified by the presence of a variable degree of cognitive disability and unique physical characteristics and traits, which also have an impact on the stomatognathic system. The aim of this case report is to report the therapeutic challenges that we can face to achieve a comprehensive treatment. Patient’s mothers consult for dental crowding. The patient presents systemic diseases associated with Down Syndrome, sensory anomalies, generalized gingivitis, dental caries lesions, maxillary dental anomalies, and traumatic fibroma in the tongue. The treatment included adaptation to dental care, preventive and restorative dentistry, periodontics and orthodontics. After 25 months of treatment, comprehensive discharge was achieved, with modifications in the treatment objectives and orthodontic therapeutic management in several occasions. Comprehensive treatment in patients with Down Syndrome is possible, considering a good adaptation to the treatment, achievable objectives and multidisciplinary teamwork.

RESUMEN: El Síndrome de Down es una condición genética que se identifica por la presencia de un grado variable de discapacidad cognitiva, rasgos y características físicas singulares, que también repercuten a nivel estomatognático. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es reflejar los desafíos terapéuticos que podemos enfrentar para lograr un tratamiento integral en estos pacientes. Madre de paciente consulta por apiñamiento dentario. Presenta enfermedades sistémicas asociadas al Síndrome de Down, alteraciones sensoriales, gingivitis generalizada, lesiones de caries, anomalías dentomaxilares y fibroma traumático en flanco lingual. El tratamiento incluyó adaptación a la atención odontológica, odontología preventiva y restauradora, periodoncia y ortodoncia. Luego de 25 meses de tratamiento, se logró el alta integral, debiendo modificar los objetivos del tratamiento y el manejo terapéutico ortodóncico en diversas ocasiones. Es posible realizar tratamientos integrales en pacientes con Síndrome de Down, considerando una buena adaptación, objetivos alcanzables y trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a Preventive Oral Health Exam for Elderly People (EDePAM), using the e-Delphi technique, to diagnose oral health problems in people 65 or older. The e-Delphi technique was used with experts in multiple stages, and in a final workshop, where an agreement on an examination protocol was reached for diagnosing dental caries, oral mucosa lesions, periodontal diseases, and masticatory function disorders. Quantitative analyses of all the rounds of the e-Delphi method were conducted. It was agreed that the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) should be used together with a modified version of the Nyvad criteria to detect and assess caries lesions. It was also agreed that an assessment was needed of the different factors involved in determining caries risk, namely socioeconomic level, access to fluoride, level of dependence/functionality, salivary flow, history of head and neck cancer treatment, use of medications that decrease salivary flow, diet, use of removable dental prostheses, exposure of root surfaces, and caries history. Furthermore, patients would be required to undergo an examination of the oral mucosa, where any existing lesion should be described in terms of its clinical appearance, location, and risk potential. It was also agreed that an assessment of masticatory function should be performed using the Leake index, together with chewing-gum combined with a color scale to categorize masticatory performance. The number of pairs of occluding antagonist teeth was considered as the best predictor of masticatory function. The 2018 classification by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) / European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) was accepted as the standard to assess periodontal status, and it was agreed that this assessment should include an evaluation of clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The novel EDePAM was considered as appropriate for conducting a functional assessment of oral health by providing a comprehensive diagnosis of oral diseases.

ABSTRACT: Non-communicable diseases constitute the greatest burden of disease in Chile and the world. The close preventive and therapeutic relationship between oral diseases and systemic diseases in the context of non-communicable diseases, highlights the urgent need to design health policies that allow the incorporation of oral health in the control of these diseases. Despite the implementation of programs in Chile for the treatment of the main oral diseases in prioritized groups, through explicit guarantees in health and other dental programs, these benefits are not aimed at people with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or other non-communicable diseases with high impact on the population. The available evidence and the recommendations of international scientific organizations support the incorporation of oral health in general health plans and programs. Unfortunately, a more integrated medical-dental approach in the control and management of non-communicable diseases remains a pending challenge in Chile.

RESUMEN: Las enfermedades no transmisibles constituyen la mayor carga de enfermedad en Chile y el mundo. La estrecha interrelación preventiva y terapéutica entre las enfermedades orales y las enfermedades sistémicas en el contexto de las enfermedades no transmisibles, pone de manifiesto la urgente necesidad de diseñar políticas públicas que permitan incorporar la salud oral en el control de estas enfermedades. A pesar de que en Chile se han implementado programas para el tratamiento de las principales enfermedades orales en grupos priorizados, a través de garantías explicitas en salud y de otros programas odontológicos, estas prestaciones no están dirigidas a personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes u otras enfermedades no transmisibles de alto impacto en la población. Aunque, la evidencia disponible y las recomendaciones de las organizaciones científicas internacionales, fundamentan la incorporación de la salud oral en los planes y programas de salud general, lamentablemente un enfoque médico-odontológico más integrado en el control y manejo de las enfermedades no transmisibles sigue siendo un desafío pendiente en Chile.

ABSTRACT: This article makes a brief review and synthesis of national health surveys in Chile. The article describes the main characteristics and findings in order to guide dental professionals with the knowledge of the existing material for an objective population oral health diagnosis, as well as the impact of oral health on quality of life of the population.

RESUMEN: Este artículo realiza una revisión y síntesis de las principales encuestas poblacionales de salud en Chile. Se describen sus principales características y hallazgos con el objetivo de orientar a los profesionales odontólogos en el conocimiento de material existente para el diagnóstico odontológico objetivo, así como el impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida, a nivel poblacional.

ABSTRACT Aim: To synthesize results of epidemiologic national and regional studies about dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral mucosa lesions in Chilean adults (≥15 years- old). Methods: A narrative revision was made in order to identify epidemiologic national or regional studies in Chilean adults (≥15 years- old). The objective was to establish the prevalence of the most common oral diseases. Results: Six national and seven regional studies were identified. The prevalence of non-treated caries and non- functional dentition was reduced to 54.6% and 27.0%, respectively. The prevalence of periodontal attachment loss ≥4mm. was almost 100%. The most frequent oral mucosa lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%). Socioeconomic and cultural disparities were observed in the distribution of oral diseases in Chilean adults. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral mucosa lesions was high in Chilean adults and elderly people.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Sintetizar los resultados sobre los estudios epidemiológicos de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, desdentamiento y lesiones de mucosa oral de base poblacional con representatividad nacional y regional en adultos chilenos (≥15 años). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa para identificar aquellos estudios de diagnóstico de salud bucal, a nivel nacional y/o regional, en población adulta de Chile (≥15 años), con el objetivo de establecer prevalencias para las patologías bucales de mayor relevancia nacional. Resultados: Se identificaron 6 estudios de representatividad nacional y 7 estudios de representatividad regional. Se reporta una disminución en la prevalencia de caries cavitadas y de dentición no funcional, correspondiendo a un 54.6% y 27.0%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de pérdida de inserción clínica ≥4mm., es cercana al 100%. La lesión de mucosa oral más prevalente fue la estomatitis subprotésica (22.3%). Se observaron inequidades socieconómicas y culturales en la distribución de las patologías orales en la población adulta chilena. Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal, caries, desdentamiento y lesiones de mucosa oral en adultos y adultos mayores chilenos.

Abstract The evidence is inconclusive regarding the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control and systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and periodontitis Objective: To evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the metabolic control and systemic inflammation of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database via PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their oldest records up to July 2018. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) were considered eligible for evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment on markers of metabolic control [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C)] and systemic inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)] in patients with T2D. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk assessment tool. Meta-analyses were performed for HbA1c and CRP using random effects models. The size of the overall intervention effect was estimated by calculating the weighted average of the differences in means (DM) between the groups in each study. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q-statistic method (x2 and I²). The level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results: Nine RCT were included. SRP was effective in reducing HbA1c [DM=0.56 (0.36-0.75); p<0.01] and CRP [DM=1.89 (1.70-2.08); p<0.01]. No heterogeneity was detected (I2=0%, p>0.05). Conclusions: SRP has an impact on metabolic control and reduction of systemic inflammation of patients with T2D.

Background Robot-assisted minimally invasive heart surgery is an effective alternative when compared with classical approaches. It has a low mortality and postoperative complications and its long-term durability is comparable with conventional techniques. Aim: To report short- and long-term results with the use of a robot-assisted transthoracic approach. Patients and Methods: Review of patients undergoing heart surgery between 2015 and 2019 using a robot assisted minimally invasive technique in a single center. We analyzed demographic characteristics, surgical and early ultrasound results. Results: Thirteen procedures were reviewed, nine mitral valve repairs (MVR) in patients aged 61 ± 21 years (seven males) and four atrial septal defect (ASD) closures in patients aged from 24 to 52 years (three men). For MVR, the average extracorporeal circulation and myocardial ischemia times were 120 ± 20.9 and 89 ± 21 minutes, respectively. The median hospitalization was four days. Two cases of MVR had postoperative complications. There was no mortality. All cases showed improvement in their symptoms. Ultrasound findings showed no postoperative mitral insufficiency except in one case. Conclusions: We report very good results in both complex mitral repair and CIA closure, comparable to centers with high standards in minimally invasive robot-assisted heart surgery.

Abstract Bacterial diversity of phototrophic (PAb) and heterotrophic (Hb) biofilms was studied over time (0, 15 and 30 days of culture) using high throughput sequencing and considering the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial composition in terms of relative abundance and diversity showed slight changes during the trial. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both biofilms during the experimental period. Chlamidiae-Verrucomicrobia, Bacteriodetes, and Planctomycetes were also abundant phyla in the PAb, whereas Planctomycetes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria, and Chlamydiae were the abundant phyla in the Hb. Of the reads assigned up to species level, a total of 27 heterotrophic and autotrophic species were detected in both biofilms, most of them associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous and sulfurous metabolites and organic matter, and the rest with the structural functions in the biofilm. This is the first time some of these species have been reportedly detected in these biofilms or in the marine environment. Results suggest complex interaction networks in microbial conglomerates formed in biofilms, in which bacterial populations seem to play important metabolic and physiological roles.

Resumen Se estudió la diversidad de bacterias de biopelículas fototróficas (PAb) y heterotróficas (Hb) a través del tiempo (0, 15 y 30 días de cultivo) por medio de secuenciación masiva, considerando las regiones hipervariables V3 y V4 del gen 16S ARNr. La composición bacteriana mostró pequeños cambios durante el ensayo en términos de abundancia relativa y diversidad. Proteobacteria fue el filo más abundante en ambas biopelículas durante el experimento. Chlamidiae-Verrucomicrobia, Bacteriodetes y Planctomycetes también fueron filos abundantes en PAb, mientras que Planctomycetes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria y Chlamydiae se registraron en Hb. De las lecturas asignadas a nivel de especie, un total de 27 especies autrotróficas y heterotróficas fueron detectadas en ambas biopelículas, la mayoría de ellas asociadas al metabolismo de compuestos nitrogenados y azufrados y a materia orgánica, y las restantes asociadas a las funciones estructurales en las biopelículas. Esta es la primera vez que se reporta la detección de algunas de estas especies en estas biopelículas e incluso en el ambiente marino. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de complejas redes de interacción en los conglomerados microbianos formados en las bipelículas, en las cuales las poblaciones bacterianas parecen jugar papeles metabólicos y fisiológicos importantes.

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are a public health problem. They are highly prevalent, they affect life quality and their treament is expensive. Their principal risk factors and indicators are shared with chronic non transsmisible diseases (NTCD). Also, the presence of periodontal disease could exacerbate or initiate the development of a NTCD. Furthemore, Periodontal treatment results in systemic inflammation reduction. According to above explained, periodontal diseases should be considered as NTCD. It is highly advisible to focus on development, building and its implementation of periodontal prevention practices and communications. Moreover, it is advisible to participate in NTCD prevention programs, which targets same periodontal diseases risk factors and indicators.

Las enfermedades periodontales (gingivitis y periodontitis) son un problema de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia, su impacto en la calidad de vida y los altos costos que implica su tratamiento. Sus principales factores e indicadores de riesgo son compartidos con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Además, la presencia de enfermedad periodontal en un paciente con ECNT puede contribuir a su exacerbación y/o desarrollo, a través de diversos mecanismos patogénicos, y el tratamiento de la condición periodontal genera una reducción de la inflamación sistémica. Debido a lo anterior, las enfermedades periodontales deben considerarse como una ECNT, y se debe trabajar en la creación, desarrollo e implementación de medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención de ellas y participar activamente de las propuestas ya emanadas desde aquellas ECNT que tienen como objetivo a los mismos indicadores/factores de riesgo de las enfermedades periodontales.