The use of materials such as organofunctionalized silica for application in solid phase extraction (SPE) allows the preconcentration of several ions, including Pt, and subsequent detection. This work aims to synthesize and characterize an organofunctionalized silica (Sil-TMSDT) with the silylant N’(trimethoxysilyl)propylethylenetriamine and its application as a solid phase in the preconcentration Pt4+ ions in aqueous media, using detection by flame atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the aminofunctionalization of the silica. For the adsorption process, a preconcentration mini-column with 200 mg of Sil-TMSDT, a solution of 0.485 mg L−1 of K2[PtCl6] at pH 10 and HNO3 0.5 mol L−1 as eluent were used, obtaining an enrichment factor of 15-fold with retention efficiency higher than 99%. The Pt4+ ion determined by FAAS showed a linear response between 0.02 and 0.40 mg L−1; a linear coefficient where R = 0.9981; a 16-fold preconcentration factor; a limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.045 and 0.014 mg L−1, respectively. The proposal system showed analytical applicability to determining Pt4+ ion in an aqueous medium and could be used to detect traces of this potentially toxic metal in biological fluids such as urine and blood. SPE (SPE Pt SilTMSDT Sil TMSDT (Sil-TMSDT Ntrimethoxysilylpropylethylenetriamine N trimethoxysilyl propylethylenetriamine Pt4 media FAAS. . (FAAS) Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR (FTIR SEM (SEM energydispersive energy dispersive EDS (EDS process minicolumn mini column 20 SilTMSDT, TMSDT, Sil-TMSDT 0485 0 485 0.48 L1 L 1 L− K2PtCl6 KPtCl K2 PtCl6 K PtCl K2[PtCl6 HNO 05 5 0. 15fold fold 15 99 99% 002 02 0.0 040 40 0.4 0.9981 09981 9981 16fold 16 LOQ (LOQ LOD (LOD 0045 045 0.04 0014 014 0.01 respectively blood (FAAS 2 048 48 K2PtCl K2[PtCl 9 00 04 4 0.998 0998 998 004 001 01 0.99 099 0.9 09

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the application efficiency of different nozzle tips associated with increasing application rates. A field experiment was conducted in a factorial 3 × 4 randomized block design with four replicates. The first factor consisted of three types of nozzle tips (simple flat fan, hollow cone, and hollow cone with the electrification of the drops), and the second factor constituted the four application rates (50, 100, 200, and 250 L ha-1). Electrostatic technology and a hollow cone tip increased the deposited volume on leaves on the upper and medium strata of the common bean plant, regardless of the application rate used. The increase in the application rate increased the volume of spray solution captured in the upper, medium, and lower strata, the drop density, the volumetric median diameter (VMD), and the percentage of foliar coverage, regardless of the spray tip evaluated. The percentage of leaf coverage on the adaxial and abaxial leaf was not influenced by the simple fan or hollow cone spray tips, with or without the association of electrostatic technology. replicates drops, drops , drops) 50, 50 (50 100 200 25 ha1. ha1 ha 1 . ha-1) plant used density VMD, VMD (VMD) evaluated 5 (5 10 20 2 ha-1 (VMD ( ha-

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de aplicação de diferentes pontas de bicos associada a taxas crescentes de aplicação. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu em três tipos de bicos: leque plano simples, cone oco e cone oco com eletrificação das gotas; e o segundo fator por quatro taxas de aplicação (50, 100, 200 e 250 L ha-1). A tecnologia eletrostática e o cone oco aumentaram o volume depositado nas folhas dos estratos superior e médio do feijoeiro, independentemente da dose de aplicação utilizada. O aumento da taxa de aplicação aumentou o volume de calda captado nos estratos superior, médio e inferior do feijoeiro, a densidade de gotas, o diâmetro médio volumétrico (DMV) e a porcentagem de cobertura foliar, independente da ponta de pulverização avaliada. A porcentagem de cobertura foliar na face adaxial e abaxial não foi influenciada pelas pontas de pulverização em leque simples e cone oco com ou sem a associação da tecnologia eletrostática. acaso 4 repetições gotas 50, 50 (50 100 20 25 ha1. ha1 ha 1 . ha-1) feijoeiro utilizada DMV (DMV avaliada 5 (5 10 2 ha-1 ( ha-

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

Abstract Among the potential feed additives, β-glucans are known to positively affect the growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of fish, even the ornamental species. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of the dietary supplementation of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucans concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%) in juvenile angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) over a 42-day period. Regarding growth performance, no effects were observed on most parameters. However, 0.2% β-glucans supplementation produced higher condition factor values, indicating a better nutritional status. Furthermore, β-glucans supplementation did not affect blood parameters. Regarding intestinal microbiota, β-glucans supplementation increased the abundance of the potentially beneficial bacterial genus Phascolarctobacterium. The high abundance of bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes, which can degrade β-glucans, may be attributed to the increased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium spp. In addition, 0.2% β-glucans supplementation produced more operational taxonomic units and higher Sobs (observed species richness), indicating effects on the overall bacterial community structure. These results demonstrate the potential application of β-glucans as a dietary supplement to improve the performance and modulate the intestinal microbiota of angelfish. additives βglucans β glucans parameters fish Therefore 0, 0 (0 005 05 0.05 01 1 0.1 02 2 Pterophyllum scalare 42day day 42 period However 0.2 values status Furthermore Bacteroidetes βglucans, glucans, spp addition richness, richness , richness) structure ( 00 0.0 0. 4

ABSTRACT The use growth regulators from the cytokinins and auxins group has been shown to increase the productivity of certain crops, as they may be involved in the expression of plant sex, although little is known about the action of auxin IBA and cytokinin CPPU on the fruiting of squash, as well as the interaction between both, which makes this field of study promising. Thus, the objective of this study was to induce the fruiting in Atlas squash, by means of different forms of application and proportions of cytokinin and auxin and to evaluate their effects on the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits. The treatments were composed of six proportions associated with growth regulators and of two forms of application. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. At 72 days after transplanting, growth and fruit quality analyses were performed. The behavior of the hormones is modulated by their concentration and place of application, and the effect may be beneficial or not. The proportions 50/50% via leaf and 75/25% via ovary were the ones that increased the growth and parameters of fruit quality. The application of CPPU via leaf at higher concentration in proportion decreases quality characteristics such as vitamin C, carotenoids and starch. crops sex squash both promising Thus physicalchemical physical chemical fruits replicates 7 transplanting performed not 5050 50 50/50 7525 75 25 75/25 C starch 505 5 50/5 752 2 75/2 50/ 75/

RESUMO O uso de reguladores de crescimento do grupo das citocininas e auxinas tem demonstrado aumentar a produtividade de algumas culturas, pois podem estar envolvidos na expressão do sexo da planta, embora pouco se saiba sobre a ação da auxina IBA e da citocinina CPPU na frutificação da abóbora, bem como a interação entre ambas, o que torna este campo de estudo promissor. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi induzir a frutificação em abóbora Atlas, por meio de diferentes formas de aplicação e proporções de citocinina e auxina e avaliar seus efeitos nas características físico-químicas dos frutos. Os tratamentos foram compostos por seis proporções associadas a reguladores de crescimento e duas formas de aplicação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Aos 72 dias após o transplante, foram realizadas análises de crescimento e qualidade dos frutos. O comportamento dos hormônios é modulado por sua concentração e local de aplicação, podendo o efeito ser benéfico ou não. As proporções 50/50% via folha e 75/25% via ovário foram as que aumentaram o crescimento e os parâmetros de qualidade dos frutos. A aplicação de CPPU via foliar em maior concentração em proporção diminui características de qualidade como vitamina C, carotenoides e amido. culturas planta ambas promissor Assim Atlas físicoquímicas físico químicas frutos repetições 7 transplante não 5050 50 50/50 7525 75 25 75/25 C amido 505 5 50/5 752 2 75/2 50/ 75/

Gamma radiation is an effective method for microbial decontamination of plant materials. However, this treatment can induce changes in the chemical structure of plant constituents. Stem barks of Luehea ochrophylla were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation to evaluate decontamination efficiency and changes in chemical composition of plant material including phenolic fraction. The major microbial contaminants of non-irradiated samples were isolated and identified as the fungal species Eurotium chevalieri L. Mangin and Lecythophora decumbens. The dose of 5.0 kGy was effective to achieve total decontamination of the stem barks of L. ochrophylla. The formation of free radicals was verified in the plant material using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and was supposed to be related to the trans-aconitic acid, a plant constituent. It was the only secondary metabolite to have its concentration significantly altered with radiation in phenolic fraction, as observed by liquid chromatography with diode array detector coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC-DAD-MS). The trans-aconitic acid was isolated and exposed to gamma radiation in aqueous medium. Its concentration decreased after exposition to a dose of 3.0 kGy, corroborating the supposition of its degradation. Citric acid was the main radiolytic product formed by irradiation of trans-aconitic acid in the presence of water. materials However constituents fraction nonirradiated non irradiated L decumbens 50 5 0 5. transaconitic trans aconitic constituent LCDADMS. LCDADMS LC DAD MS . (LC-DAD-MS) medium 30 3 3. degradation water (LC-DAD-MS

Abstract: Eugenia klotzschiana, commonly known as pêra-do-cerrado, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is an unconventional food plant that is exploited in an extractive manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the germination behavior of E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds and their sensitivity to desiccation. The seeds were manually pulped from the fruits and stored in plastic containers. The initial water content was subsequently determined using the oven method at 105°C for 24 hours, yielding a value of 46.6%. Sub-samples were then separated to obtain the desired water contents of 40%, 32%, 22%, and 15% for treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5. The data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant by the F test (p<0.05), the means were compared using the T test. Graphs with 95% confidence intervals were generated to illustrate the comparisons. The seedling development data was arranged in a box plot. The R software was used for these analyses. The data analysis revealed that E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds do not have the potential to germinate with a water content lower than 22.50% moisture. Furthermore, the water content with the highest percentage, 46.6%, resulted in 100% germination. Abstract pêradocerrado, pêradocerrado pêra cerrado, cerrado pêra-do-cerrado family manner E O desiccation containers 105C C 105 2 hours 466 46 6 46.6% Subsamples Sub samples 40 40% 32 32% 22 22% 15 3 4 5 ANOVA (ANOVA p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , 0 05 (p<0.05) 95 comparisons plot analyses 2250 50 22.50 moisture Furthermore percentage 100 10 46.6 1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 9 225 22.5 46. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 22. p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Eugenia klotzschiana (pêra-do-cerrado) pertence à família Myrtaceae. É caracterizada como planta alimentícia não convencional, sendo explorada de forma extrativista. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para conhecer o comportamento germinativo das sementes de E. klotzschiana e ainda a sua sensibilidade à dessecação. Após a despolpa dos frutos, realizada manualmente, as sementes foram armazena das em embalagens plásticas. O teor de água inicial foi determinado pelo método da estufa a 105°C por 24 horas, com valor de 46,6%. Separaram-se, em seguida,subamostras para obtenção dos demais teores de água desejados: 40%, 32%, 22% e 15%, sendo,respectivamente,os tratamentos 2, 3, 4 e 5. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância(ANOVA) e, quando significativas pelo teste F (p<0,05), as médias foram comparadas pelo teste T. Para ilustrar as comparações, foram gerados gráficos com intervalos de confiança de95%. Foi realizada também a disposição dos dados do desenvolvimento das plântulas em Boxplot. Essas análises foram desenvolvidas utilizando-se o software R. A partir da análise dos dados,foi possível constatar que as sementes de E. klotzschiana O. Berg nãoapresentam potencial germinativo com teor de água inferior a 22,5% de umidade. Além disso, o maiorteor de água de 46,6% proporcionou 100% de germinação. pêradocerrado pêra cerrado (pêra-do-cerrado Myrtaceae convencional extrativista E dessecação frutos manualmente plásticas 105C C 105 2 horas 466 46 6 Separaramse, Separaramse Separaram se, se Separaram-se seguidasubamostras seguida subamostras desejados 40 40% 32 32% 22 15 15% sendorespectivamenteos respectivamente os 3 5 variânciaANOVA variância ANOVA variância(ANOVA p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 , 0 05 (p<0,05) T comparações de95 de95% Boxplot utilizandose utilizando R dadosfoi 225 22,5 umidade disso 46,6 100 germinação 10 1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 de9 22, 46, p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

This study investigates the potential of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from carvacrol as anticancer agents. The synthesis process, involving the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with carvacrol acrylate as a Michael acceptor, resulted in stable adducts with impressive yields ranging from 60 to 92%, achieved within a maximum reaction time of 24 h. Through a screening process utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, compound 6, identified as the acrylate/2-naphthyl adduct, emerged as the most active within the series among twelve compounds tested. Specifically, compound 6 exhibited a remarkably potent impact on neuroblastoma cell lines, particularly SH-SY5Y cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.7 µM after 72 h (42 times more potent than carvacrol, IC50 = 374.1 μM). The exploration of the selectivity index (SI) against normal cell lines demonstrated an outstanding SI of 4.28 compared to other compounds. Mechanistic studies on SH-SY5Y cells revealed a concentration-dependent apoptotic effect attributed to caspase 3/7 activation. In silico modeling showcased favorable pharmacokinetic properties for compound 6, including effective absorption after oral administration. Assessment of toxicity of compound 6 profile using brine shrimp and the Irwin test indicated low toxicity, highlighting its potential for future anticancer agent development. MoritaBaylisHillman Morita Baylis Hillman agents acceptor 92 92% 2 34,5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 MTT (MTT acrylate/2naphthyl acrylate2naphthyl acrylatenaphthyl acrylate/2 naphthyl adduct tested Specifically SHSY5Y SHSYY SH SY5Y SY Y halfmaximal half maximal IC (IC50 87 8 7 8. 42 (4 IC5 3741 374 1 374. μM. μM . μM) (SI 428 28 4.2 concentrationdependent dependent 37 3/ activation administration development 9 34 5dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, 2naphthyl acrylate2 acrylate/ SHSY SYY (IC5 ( 4. dimethylthiazolyl 5dimethylthiazol2yl (IC

ABSTRACT Despite the importance given to Silicon in the relief of stress in cultivated plants, there are no experimental studies on abiotic stresses that address this function of Si in plants under natural environments, aiming to identify responses that would indicate acclimatisation to the conditions at their place of origin. The goal of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Does abiotic stress increase Si absorption? 2) Does the presence of Si stimulate biomass production in natural environments? and 3) Do plants from different environments display differences in Si absorption? To do so, Eugenia punicifolia was selected as a study species since it has a wide distribution, occurring in three different physiognomies: Coastal Savanna, Dense Deciduous Shrubland and Seasonal Deciduous Forest. The Si absorption varied depending on the temperature and this was directly related to increases in dry matter production in E. punicifolia plants, suggesting that this may be a relief mechanism for temperature and water stresses. Differences in the response to stress conditions may be a result of the phenotypic plasticity which occurs in E. punicifolia and suggests that plasticity could be a useful asset in the use of Si fertilizer for crops. origin questions 1 2 3 so distribution physiognomies Savanna Forest E crops

L-histidine was analyzed in this work as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in chloride solution, without (pH 7) and with carbon dioxide saturation (pH 4). Mass loss methods and electrochemical tests were used. In a medium with pH 4 saturated with CO2, the inhibition efficiency values (IE%) did not reach 34%. For the pH 7 condition, an inhibition efficiency of up to 89% was observed. The values corroborated with the quantum chemistry and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the histidine molecule is responsible for the excellent inhibition potential. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study and a thermogravimetric study (TGA) of the amino acid were also carried out. The substrate surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Lhistidine L 101 solution 4. . 4) used CO2 CO IE% IE (IE% 34 34% condition 89 observed DFT (DFT calculations potential FTIR (FTIR TGA (TGA out 10 (IE 3 8 1

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is of socioeconomic importance as an essential food for human and animal nutrition. However, cereals are susceptible to attack by mycotoxin-producing fungi, which can damage health. The methods most commonly used to detect and quantify mycotoxins are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, alternative non-destructive methods are required urgently. The present study aimed to use near-infrared spectroscopy with hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and multivariate image analysis to develop a rapid and accurate method for quantifying fumonisins in whole grains of six naturally contaminated maize cultivars. Fifty-eight samples, each containing 40 grains, were subjected to NIR-HSI. These were subsequently divided into calibration (38 samples) and prediction sets (20 samples) based on the multispectral data obtained. The averaged spectra were subjected to various pre-processing techniques (standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative, or second derivative). The most effective pre-treatment performed on the spectra was SNV. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed to quantify the fumonisin content. The final model presented a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the calibration set, an R2 of 0.95 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the test validation set and a ratio of performance to deviation of 4.7. It was concluded that NIR-HSI with partial least square regression is a rapid, effective, and non-destructive method to determine the fumonisin content in whole maize grains. Zea L. L nutrition However mycotoxinproducing mycotoxin producing fungi health timeconsuming. timeconsuming time consuming. consuming time-consuming Therefore nondestructive non destructive urgently nearinfrared near infrared NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI cultivars Fiftyeight Fifty eight samples 4 NIRHSI. HSI. 38 (3 20 (2 obtained preprocessing pre processing standard SNV, SNV , (SNV) derivative derivative. . derivative) pretreatment treatment PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0.9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP 47 7 4.7 3 ( 2 (SNV (R 09 9 0. 5 kg1 4.

Resumo O milho (Zea mays L.) possui importância socioeconômica por constituir um dos alimentos básicos na nutrição humana e animal. Porém, o cereal é suscetível ao ataque de fungos produtores de micotoxinas que podem causar danos à saúde. Os métodos mais utilizados para detectar e quantificar micotoxinas são caros e demorados e métodos alternativos para a detecção das micotoxinas são uma necessidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo com imagem hiperespectral (NIR-HSI) e análise multivariada de imagens para desenvolver um método rápido e preciso para quantificação de fumonisinas em grãos inteiros de seis cultivares de milho naturalmente contaminadas. Cinquenta e oito amostras, cada uma contendo 40 grãos, foram submetidas ao NIR-HSI e posteriormente divididas em um conjunto de calibração (38 amostras) e um conjunto de predição (20 amostras) com base nos dados multiespectrais obtidos. Os espectros médios foram submetidos a diversas técnicas de pré-processamento (variação normal padrão – SNV, primeira derivada ou segunda derivada). O melhor pré-processamento dos espectros foi SNV e um modelo de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) foi desenvolvido para quantificar o teor de fumonisinas. O modelo final apresentou coeficiente de correlação (R2) de 0,98 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de calibração (RMSEC) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de calibração, R2 de 0,95 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de predição (RMSEP) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de validação do teste e relação desempenho/desvio de 4,7. Conclui-se que o NIR-HSI com regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados pode ser um método rápido, eficaz e não destrutivo para determinar o teor de fumonisinas em grãos integrais de milho. Zea L. L animal Porém saúde necessidade NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI contaminadas amostras 4 38 (3 20 (2 obtidos préprocessamento pré processamento variação derivada. . derivada) PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0,9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP desempenhodesvio desempenho desvio 47 7 4,7 Concluise Conclui se 3 ( 2 (R 09 9 0, 5 kg1 4,

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential due to their abilities of differentiation, immunomodulation, and migration to injured tissues, potentiating such effects when cells are activated. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a tropical plant species found in South America that is known for its antioxidant, stimulant, and cicatricial effects. The guarana extract is composed of many substances and caffeine is the main component. The objective was to evaluate the effects of guarana and caffeine on MSCs. After the initial characterization, MSCs were treated with Paullinia cupana (10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL) or caffeine (0.4, 4, and 40 μg/mL) for 24 h. MSCs treatment with 1000 μg/mL guarana increased cell polarity, viability, cell migration to chemoattractant, antioxidant potential, and liberation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), while it reduced the levels of autophagy. MSCs treated with 100 and 1000 μg/mL guarana or 40 μg/mL caffeine showed a decrease of cell proliferation. No treatment affected the cellular area and cell cycle of MSCs. The study shows in vitro evidence that guarana could be a promising alternative for activating MSCs to promote better cellular products for future clinical therapies. (MSCs differentiation immunomodulation tissues activated stimulant component characterization 10, 10 (10 μgmL μg mL 0.4, 04 0 4 (0.4 2 h polarity viability chemoattractant EVs, EVs , (EVs) autophagy proliferation therapies 1 (1 0.4 (0. (EVs ( 0. (0

Resumo Os sabonetes têm um papel importante para a nossa higiene e saúde, pois eles além de ter efeito bactericida, também removem as sujeiras presentes no corpo humano. Avaliar a eficácia de sabonetes com atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes marcas comerciais vendidas no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios da atividade antimicrobiana dos diferentes sabonetes através do método difusão em ágar frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis e Candida albicans. Todos os sabonetes comerciais testados apresentaram formação de halo de inibição antimicrobiana frente às bactérias S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Apenas dois sabonetes comerciais apresentaram inibição das espécies A. baumannii e C. albicans. Nenhum dos sete produtos estudados apresentou inibição das bactérias E. cloacae, P. mirabilis e E. coli. Na comparação das informações contidas nas embalagens dos produtos com os resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa realizada foram observadas divergências. Os sabonetes que apresentaram maior eficiência contra os microrganismos testados foram aqueles das apresentações 1 e 2, que se mostraram eficazes contra as espécies de bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii e contra a espécie de fungo C. albicans. As marcas 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 apresentaram o mesmo resultado de sensibilidade frente as bactérias das espécies S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, com variação quantitativa apenas do halo de inibição. Houve divergência entre as informações contidas nas embalagens dos sete produtos em estudo e os resultados dos testes experimentais.

Abstract Soaps play an important role in our hygiene and health, as they not only have a bactericidal effect but also remove dirt from the human body. To evaluate the effectiveness of soaps with antimicrobial activity from different commercial brands sold in Brazil. Tests of the antimicrobial activity of different soaps were carried out through diffusion in agar against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans. All commercial soaps tested transfer antimicrobial inhibition halo formation against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Only two commercial soaps inhibit the species A. baumannii and C. albicans. None of the seven products studied showed inhibition of E. cloacae, P. mirabilis, and E. coli bacteria. When comparing the information contained in the packaging of the products with the results obtained during a survey, divergences were observed. The soaps that provide greater efficiency against the tested microorganisms were presented in presentations 1 and 2, which become useful against the bacteria species S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii and a fungus species C. albicans. Marks 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 parallel the same sensitivity result opposite as bacteria of the species S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with quantitative variation only of the inhibition halo. There was a divergence between the information contained in the packaging of the seven products under study and the results of the experimental tests.

Resumo Em condições de estresse salino, o crescimento das plantas é reduzido, em virtude, do desequilíbrio osmótico, nutricional e oxidativo. Contudo, o ácido salicílico atua na mitigação desse estresse abiótico por promover incremento no crescimento, fotossíntese, metabolismo do nitrogênio, síntese de osmorreguladores e enzimas antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de ácido salicílico sobre o crescimento e alterações fisiológicas de mudas de berinjela sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso utilizando uma matriz composta central Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (0,50; 1,08; 2,50; 3,92 e 4,50 dS m-1), associada a cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS) (0,00; 0,22; 0,75; 1,28 e 1,50 mM), com quatro repetições e cada parcela composta por três plantas. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, vazamento de eletrólito, teor relativo de água e massa seca total. A CEa e a aplicação de AS influenciaram no crescimento e nas alterações fisiológicas das mudas de berinjela. O aumento da CEa reduziu o crescimento na ausência de AS. O dano de membrana com o uso de AS manteve-se estável até 3,9 dS m-1 de CEa. O conteúdo relativo de água independentemente da CEa aumentou com 1 mM de SA. O uso de AS na concentração de 1 mM mitigou o efeito deletério da salinidade no crescimento das mudas até 2,50 dS m-1 de CEa.

Abstract Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.