ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to select water deficittolerant accessions of the genus Manihot, through morphological characters under different water regimes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using a split-plot arrangement with plots consisting of tree water regimes (simulated rainfall and water depth of 100 and 20% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)), and subplots consisting of eight accessions of the genus Manihot (Gema-de-Ovo and Engana-Ladrão from the species M. esculenta Crantz, and BGMS-115, BGMS-110, BGMS-102, BGMS- 79, BGMS-24, and BGMS-48 from Manihot sp.). The accessions were evaluated considering two crop cycles: the first had 120 and 60 days from the application of the treatments. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf lobe length and shoot dry mass production were evaluated. For each cropping cycle, a split-plot analysis of variance was performed. The highest genotypic means were expressed by the accessions BGMS-115, BGMS-102, BGMS- 79 and BGMS-24 for most of the analyzed variables, regardless of the cultivation cycle. For the characteristic shoot dry mass production, accessions BGMS-102 and BGMS-79 showed the best performances under conditions of limited water regime (20% ETc), regardless of the cropping cycle. Accession BGMS-102 was also grouped in the group with the highest genotypic means, for this trait, in treatments with rain simulation and 100% ETc, in the first cycle, demonstrating that, under stress conditions, this accession is an option to tolerate low water precipitation and responds well when higher precipitation occurs.

RESUMO Objetivou-se selecionar acessos do gênero Manihot através de caracteres morfológico-agronômicos, quando submetidos à diferentes regimes hídricos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas três condições de regimes hídricos (simulação da chuva e reposições de 100 e 20 % da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc)) e nas subparcelas, oito acessos de espécies do gênero Manihot (gemade-ovo e engana-ladrão da espécie M. esculenta e BGMS-115; BGMS-102; BGMS-79; BGMS-24; e BGMS-48 acessos de Manihot sp.). Os acessos foram avaliados em dois ciclos de cultivo, 120 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, comprimento, largura do lóbulo foliar e produtividade da massa seca da parte aérea. Para cada ciclo de cultivo foi realizada uma análise de variância em parcela subdividida. As maiores médias genotípicas foram expressas pelos acessos BGMS-115, BGMS-102, BGMS-79 e BGMS-24 para grande parte das variáveis analisadas, independentemente do ciclo de cultivo. Para a característica produtividade da massa seca da parte aérea, os acessos BGMS-102 e BGMS-79 apresentaram os melhores desempenhos em condições de regime hídrico limitado (20% ETc) independente do ciclo de cultivo. O acesso BGMS-102 também estava agrupado no grupo com maiores médias genotípicas, para esta característica, nos tratamentos com simulação de chuva e com 100% da ETc, no primeiro ciclo, demostrando que em condições de estresse este acesso é uma opção para tolerar as baixas precipitações hídricas e responde bem quando ocorre maiores precipitações.

Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality.

Abstract The production of high-quality seedlings is one of the most important steps for the recovery of degraded areas, given that the quality of the seedling is a factor that interferes with the success and costs of the recovery. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) on the growth, biomass production, and seedling quality of Peltophorum dubium. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with five doses of P (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) and three microbiological treatments (inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora margarita, and a control without inoculation), with four replicates, totaling 60 experimental units. The following response variables were evaluated: mycorrhizal colonization, morphological characteristics, and the quality of seedlings produced 120 days after transplanting. P. dubium did not demonstrate root colonization in response to inoculation with R. clarus or G. margarita. All the morphological characteristics evaluated in the present study showed a quadratic response to the application of P, except for the shoot dry mass/roots dry mass, which obtained a maximum point of 3,90 g g- 1 at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 . The inoculation with R. clarus and G. margarita did not influence any of the attributes evaluated in P. dubium . Phosphate fertilization was beneficial for the growth, biomass production, and quality of P. dubium seedlings, and the application of P between 218 mg kg-1 and 295 mg kg-1 is recommended.

Resumo A produção de mudas de qualidade superior é um dos pontos mais importantes para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, dado que a qualidade da muda é um fator que interfere no sucesso e nos custos da recuperação. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da fertilização com fósforo (P) e a inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) no crescimento, produção de biomassa e qualidade de mudas de Peltophorum dubium. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo avaliadas cinco doses de P (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400) mg kg-1 e três tratamentos microbiológicos (inoculado com Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora margarita e um controle sem inoculação), com quatro repetições, totalizando 60 vasos. Foram avaliados a colonização micorrízica, características morfológicas e a qualidade das mudas produzidas aos 120 dias após o transplantio. P. dubium não demonstrou colonização radicular em resposta à inoculação com R. clarus e G. margarita. Todas ases características morfológicas avaliadas no presente estudo apresentaram comportamento quadrático em função da aplicação de P, exceto a relação massa seca da parte aérea / massa seca de raízes (MSPA/MSR), a qual obteve ponto de máxima de 3,90 g g-1 na dose 400 mg kg-1. A inoculação com R. clarus e G. margarita não influenciou nenhum dos atributos avaliados nas mudas de P. dubium. A adubação fosfatada foi benéfica para o crescimento, produção de biomassa e qualidade das mudas de P. dubium, sendo recomendada a aplicação de P entre 218 mg kg-1 e 295 mg kg-1.

RESUMO: O míldio, causado pelo fungo Pseudoperonospora cubensis é uma das principais doenças foliares que acometem a cultura do meloeiro no período chuvoso da região Nordeste brasileira. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar morfologicamente fontes de resistência de meloeiro a P. cubensis. Trinta e seis acessos e quatro cultivares comerciais foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A unidade experimental foi composta por sete plantas. E a avaliação realizada em condições de campo com uma escala diagramática, a qual fora calculado o índice de porcentagem da doença (IPD). As fontes de resistência e genótipos referências foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. Os acessos C-RN-2, C-SE-2, C-CE-2, C-PE-2, C-PI-1 e C-BA-2 apresentam resistência a P. cubensis e são promissores para uso em programas de melhoramento visando resistência ao míldio do meloeiro, embora os seus frutos tenham reduzida qualidade comercial.

ABSTRACT: The downy mildew, caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a major foliar disease that attacks the melon crop in the rainy season in northeastern Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize morphologically resistant melon accessions to P. cubensis. Thirty-six accessions and four commercial cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The plot was composed of seven plants. The evaluation was conducted in the under field conditions with a diagrammatic scale and calculating the disease percentage index (DPI). Resistance sources and references genotypes were characterized morphologically. The accessions C-RN-2, C-SE-2, C-CE-2, C-PE-2, C-PI-1, and C-BA-2 show resistance to P. cubensis and are promising for use in programs breeding for resistance to downy mildew although its fruits have reduced commercial quality.