Abstract Objectives In the clinical routine of pediatricians, height is the most reliable indicator for assessing growth. However, there are situations where it is not possible to measure this parameter directly, making the estimation of height or length a useful alternative. The main goal of this study is to identify which segmental measure, including upper arm length (UAL), tibial length (TL), and knee-heel length (KHL), provides the stature estimate that most closely approximates directly measured height in the study participants. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study of the anthropometric and segmental measures of 248 participants, aged 0 to 14 years old, using Stevenson's and Kihara's equations to estimate indirectly measured height. Results The segmental measure that provided a measurement that deviated the least from the actual height was the KHL, followed by TL, both calculated using Stevenson's equations. Conclusion The use of segmental measures to infer a child's stature is valuable in clinical practice, particularly in bedridden and incapacitated patients. Based on the present findings, the KHL and TL segments yielded more accurate results than the UAL pediatricians growth However alternative UAL, , (UAL) (TL) kneeheel knee heel (KHL) participants crosssectional cross sectional 24 1 old Stevensons Stevenson s Kiharas Kihara childs child practice patients findings (UAL (TL (KHL 2

ABSTRACT Phosphorous is a limiting nutrient in sugarcane cultivated in Argisols in the Northeast of Brazil, and understanding its availability in the soil, as well as determining sufficiency ranges in the plants is essential when recommending levels of phosphorus fertiliser. The aim of this study was to: (i) Define classes for interpreting P availability in Argisols of the Northeast using the Mehlich-1 and Anion Exchange Resin (AER) extractors; (ii) Evaluate P extraction by the same extractors; and (iii) Correlate the P content of the soil with the P content of the plants, and establish sufficiency ranges in the plants. Three field trials were carried out in a sandy (PVAd1), medium (PAdx) and clayey (PVAd2) Argisol, applying the following amounts of P: 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha-1 P2O5. The AER extracted more P than did Mehlich-1 from each of the soils. The P content of the classes for interpreting P availability determined by the AER were higher than those determined by Mehlich-1. AER was the best extractor to represent P availability in the Argisol with the clayey texture (PVAd2), and Mehlich-1 in the Argisol with the sandy texture (PVAd1). The ranges of P sufficiency in the leaves of the sugarcane varied between soils, with values of 0.66-0.73 g kg-1 in PVAd1, 0.59-0.69 g kg-1 in PVAd2 and 0.34-0.47 g kg-1 in PAdx. As such, the texture of Argisols cultivated with sugarcane in the Northeast of Brazil should be a criterion for choosing the P extractor used in assessing its availability.

Abstract The aims of this work were to characterize the damage caused by Paraulaca dives in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and develop a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of herbivory. The evaluations were carried out in a feijoa progenies orchard with eight-year-old. The beetles caused damage mainly on leaves, from October to December (spring season). The distribution of beetles in the orchard occurred randomly, not following a defined pattern of incidence. The diagrammatic scale of herbivory severity was represented by seven levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 15%, 32%, and 55% of the leaf area consumed). The use of this diagrammatic scale significantly increased the precision and accuracy of severity estimates by inexperienced evaluators. This can help in strategies to control this pest to expand the cultivation of feijoa in Brazil.

Advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease (ACFLD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Objective: to describe clinical characteristics of patients with CF with ACFLD and mortality during follow-up. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study of patients with CF and ACFLD: FEVi < 40%, oxygen dependent, and/or referred to a lung transplantprogram. Clinical, microbiological, functional, genetic and mortality characteristics were collected. Results: Of 111 controlled patients, 39% met criteria for ACFLD. 52% were men and the mean age was 29,8 years- old. The average BMI was 19.9 kg/m2, 72% had pancreatic insufficiency and 87% had a genetic study, being the DF508 mutation the most frequent (67%). The average age of diagnosis was 11.2 years (SD ± 13 years), being in 54,5% over the age of 4 years. 75% had chronic Pseudomonas infection. 68% were oxygen dependent and 18% on noninvasive mechanical ventilation. In the last year of follow-up 70% had 2 or more hospitalizations. Of 27 patients who have been referred for transplantation, 7 underwent lung transplantation, 3 died waiting on the transplant list, 9 had contraindications: 4 due to malnutrition and 5 to poor adherence and poor support network. 32% (n = 14) of the ACFLD patients died, 93% due to respiratory causes. Conclusion: 39% of the patients had ACFLD. The average age for CF diagnosis was 11.2 years (SD ± 13 years) Barriers to entering the transplant list are: malnutrition, poor adherence, and lack of a support network. This is a population with a high mortality.

Resumen La enfermedad pulmonar avanzada (EPAV) es la principal causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes con Fibrosis Quística (FQ). Objetivo: describir características clínicas de pacientes con FQ con EPAV y mortalidad en el seguimiento. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes con FQ y EPAV: VEF1 < 40%, oxígeno dependiente, y/o enviados a programa de trasplante pulmonar. Se recolectaron características clínicas, microbiológicas, funcionales, genéticas, mortalidad. Resultados: De 111 pacientes controlados, un 39% cumplió criterios de EPAV. Un 52% son hombres y el promedio de edad fue de 29,8 años. El IMC promedio fue de 19,9 kg/m2, un 72% eran portadores de insuficiencia pancreática y un 87% con estudio genético, siendo la mutación DF508 la más frecuente (67%). La edad promedio de diagnóstico fue de 11,2 años (DS ± 13 años), siendo en un 54,5% en > 4 años de vida. Un 75% era portador de infección crónica por Pseudomonas. Un 68% era dependiente de oxígeno y un 18% de ventilación mecánica no invasiva. El 70 % tuvo 2 o más hospitalizaciones el último año de seguimiento. De 27 pacientes derivados a trasplante, 7 se trasplantaron, 3 fallecieron en lista para trasplante, 9 presentaron alguna contraindicación: 4 de ellos por desnutrición y 5 por mala adherencia y escasa red de apoyo. En el seguimiento un 32% (n = 14) falleció, 93% de causa respiratoria. Conclusión: Un 39% de los pacientes tenían EPAV cuyo diagnóstico de FQ en promedio fue a los 11,2 años (SD ± 13 a). Las barreras de ingreso a lista para trasplante fueron: desnutrición, mala adherencia y falta de red de apoyo. Esta es una población con una elevada mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Background: Relatively low SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates have been reported in vaccinated individuals, but updates considering the Omicron variant are lacking. Objective: The objective of the study was to provide a current estimate of the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate in a highly immunized population. Methods: A prospective cohort of Mexican hospital workers was followed (March 2020-February 2022). Reinfection was defined as the occurrence of two or more episodes of COVID-19 separated by a period of ≥ 90 days without symptoms. The reinfection rate was calculated as the number of reinfection episodes per 100,000 persons per day. Results: A total of 3732 medical consultations were provided to 2700 workers, of whom 1388 (51.4%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. A total of 73 reinfection cases were identified, of whom 71 (97.3%) had completed their primary vaccination series and 22 (30.1%) had had a booster dose before the second episode. The overall reinfection rate was 23.1 per 100,000 persons per day (as compared to a rate of 1.9 per 100,000 persons per day before the Omicron wave). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate rose significantly during the Omicron wave despite a high primary vaccination coverage rate. Almost one-third of reinfected workers had a vaccine booster ≥ 14 days before the last COVID-19 episode.

Resumen Las plantas con metabolismo ácido de las crasuláceas (CAM) son parte de la cultura mexicana, tienen numerosos usos y son emblemáticas. Desafortunadamente solo una pequeña fracción de especies CAM ha sido estudiada con una perspectiva fisiológica. Para esta revisión consideramos las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué estudios ecofisiológicos se han realizado con especies CAM nativas de México? ¿Qué procesos ecofisiológicos han sido los más estudiados? ¿Qué tipos de estudios ecofisiológicos con plantas CAM aún faltan? Se construyó una base de datos de artículos científicos sobre CAM en México, incluyendo estudios de campo y laboratorio con especies ampliamente distribuidas, y trabajos fuera de México con especies mexicanas. Los procesos fueron agrupados en fotosíntesis, germinación y relaciones hídricas. La mayoría de los estudios ecofisiológicos se enfocaron en especies CAM de las familias Cactaceae, Bromeliaceae, Asparagaceae y Orchidaceae y la mayoría de ellos abordó la germinación de cactáceas. Casi todos los estudios de campo y laboratorio sobre fotosíntesis y relaciones hídricas han sido realizados con especies terrestres de cactáceas y de bromeliáceas epifitas. Pocos estudios han sido con plántulas de especies CAM y pocos usaron isótopos estables de agua y carbono de plantas CAM en campo. Se requieren más estudios de campo y laboratorio sobre la ecofisiología y plasticidad de plantas CAM en respuesta a múltiples factores para alimentar modelos de respuesta al cambio climático global. Es esencial llevar a cabo más estudios con plantas CAM y especies del género Clusia, con miembros C3-CAM y CAM, ya que pueden llegar a ser ecológicamente importantes en algunos escenarios de cambio climático.

Abstract In Mexico, plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) are part of the Mexican culture, have different uses and are even emblematic. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of the Mexican CAM plants has been studied physiologically. For this review, the following questions were considered: What ecophysiological studies have been conducted with CAM species native to Mexico? What ecophysiological processes in Mexican CAM plants are the most studied? What type of ecophysiological studies with CAM plants are still needed? A database of scientific studies on CAM plant species from Mexico was documented, including field and laboratory works for species widely distributed, and those studies made outside Mexico with Mexican species. Physiological processes were grouped as germination, photosynthesis, and water relations. Most studies were done for CAM species of Cactaceae, Bromeliaceae, Asparagaceae and Orchidaceae, and most ecophysiological studies have been done on germination of cacti. Field and laboratory studies on photosynthesis and water relations were mostly for terrestrial cacti and epiphytic bromeliads. There were few physiological studies with CAM seedlings in Mexico and few studies using stable isotopes of water and carbon of CAM plants in the field. More field and laboratory studies of physiological responses and plasticity of CAM plants to multiple stress factors are required to model plant responses to global climate change. In general, more physiological studies are essential for all CAM species and for species of the genus Clusia, with C3-CAM and CAM members, which can become ecologically important under some climate change scenarios.

Em 2050, o número de brasileiros residindo em áreas urbanas passará dos 200 milhões e 29% da população será composta por idosos. Os idosos longevos possuem 80 anos ou mais, os idosos jovens são aqueles que apresentam idade entre 60 e 79 anos. O objetivo foi verificar a diferença da percepção de idosos jovens e longevos do Rio Grande do Sul quanto ao ambiente urbano em que vivem. Estudo de base populacional, observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, com paradigma de análise quantitativa, analisou dados da pesquisa Perfil dos Idosos do RS, realizado pelo Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia da PUCRS em parceria com a Escola de Saúde Pública do RS. A amostra foi composta por 6913 questionários respondidos por idosos de 59 cidades. A análise dos dados foi realizada com cada um dos grupos etários e as variáveis independentes foram testadas pelo Qui-Quadrado, sendo o nível de significância menor que 0,05. Como resultado, a percepção de dificuldades, como poucos bancos, falta de faixas de segurança, tempo de sinal muito curto para pedestres, degraus muito altos e mau cheiro dos banheiros públicos, foi maior entre os idosos jovens. Os idosos longevos perceberam menos esses fatores, porém, referiram que frequentam menos os ambientes comunitários.

By 2050, the number of Brazilians living in urban areas will be over 200 million and 29% of the population will be elderly. The long-lived elderly are 80 or more years old and the young elderly are between 60 and 79 years of age. The scope of this article was to verify the difference in perception between the young elderly and the long-lived elderly from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) about the urban environment they live in. This is a population-based, observational, descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative analysis paradigm. Data was analyzed from Elderly Profile research in RS conducted by the Geriatric and Gerontological Institute of PUCRS in partnership with the RS School of Public Health. The sample consisted of 6913 questionnaires answered by the elderly from 59 cities. Data analysis was performed for each age group and independent variables were processed using the Chi-square test, with p under 0.05. Results showed that the perception of difficulties such as a lack of park benches and safety strips, short traffic light times for pedestrians, high steps and bad-smelling public toilets was greater among the young elderly. The long-lived elderly noticed these facts less, though they admitted that they frequent community environments less often.