ABSTRACT Background: Non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC) has seen important developments in drugs and diagnostic tools in the last two years. New hormonal agents have demonstrated improvement in metastasis free survival in M0 CRPC patients and have been approved by regulatory agencies in Brazil. Additionally, newer and more sensitive imaging tools are able to detect metastasis earlier than before, which will impact the percentage of patients staged as M0 CRPC. Based on the available international guidelines, a group of Brazilian urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on the diagnosis and treatment of M0 CRPC in Brazil. These results are reviewed and summarized and associated recommendations are provided. Objective: To present survey results on management of M0 CRPC in Brazil. Design, setting, and participants: A panel of six Brazilian prostate cancer experts determined 64 questions concerning the main areas of interest: 1) staging tools, 2) treatments, 3) side effects of systemic treatment/s, and 4) osteoclast-targeted therapy. A larger panel of 28 Brazilian prostate cancer experts answered these questions in order to create country-specific recommendations discussed in this manuscript. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The panel voted publicly but anonymously on the predefined questions. These answers are the panelists' opinions, not a literature review or meta-analysis. Therapies not yet approved in Brazil were excluded from answer options. Each question had five to seven relevant answers including two non-answers. Results were tabulated in real time. Conclusions: The results and recommendations presented can be used by Brazilian physicians to support the management of M0 CRPC patients. Individual clinical decision making should be supported by available data, however, for Brazil, guidelines for diagnosis and management of M0 CRPC patients have not been developed. This document will serve as a point of reference when confronting this disease stage.

The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of the State of Minas Gerais is presented based on an extensive review of the literature. The fauna, which is a rich one, is currently known to consist of at least 93 species included in 16 genera. The genus Evandromyia (16 spp.) is the most representative one, followed by Micropygomyia (13 spp.), Psathyromyia (12 spp.), Brumptomyia (11 spp.), Pintomyia (9 spp.), Lutzomyia (7 spp.), Psychodopygus (7 spp.), Martinsmyia (4 spp.), Nyssomyia (3 spp.), Deanemyia (2 spp.), Expapillata (2 spp.), Pressatia (2 spp.), and Sciopemyia (2 spp.). The genera Bichromomyia, Trichopygomyia, and Migonemyia are represented by only one species. An updated list of phlebotomine sand fly species occurring in Minas Gerais is provided. Finally, the importance of the species of public health concern is discussed.

Foi realizada uma investigação sobre a fauna de flebotomíneos no município de Timóteo, MG, com a instalação de armadilhas do tipo New Jersey, em sete bairros, entre dezembro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006. O total de 2.289 espécimes de flebotomíneos foi registrado. Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) (48,1%), Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) (36,8%) e Micropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar) (7,1%) foram as espécies mais abundantes. Algumas espécies de flo ebotomíneos incriminadas como transmissoras de Leishmania em Minas Gerais foram registradas e a importância destas para saúde pública é destacada. Neste trabalho faz-se o primeiro registro de Pintomyia bianchigalatiae (Andrade Filho, Aguiar, Dias & Falcão), Micropygomyia capixaba (Dias, Falcão, Silva & Martins), Micropygomyia schreiberi (Martins, Falcão & Silva) e Psathyromyia pascalei (Coutinho & Barretto) para Timóteo. Pressatia choti (Floch & Abonnenc) é registrada pela primeira vez para Minas Gerais.

An investigation of the phlebotomine sandfloy fauna in the municipality of Timóteo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was undertaken with New Jersey traps placed in seven neighborhoods from December 2005 to January 2006. A total of 2,289 phlebotomine sandfloy specimens were recorded. Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) (48.1%), Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) (36.8%) and Micropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar) (7.1%) were the most abundant species sampled. Some sandfloy species that play a role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross in the State of Minas Gerais were recorded and their importance to public health is highlighted. Pintomyia bianchigalatiae (Andrade Filho, Aguiar, Dias & Falcão), Micropygomyia capixaba (Dias, Falcão, Silva & Martins), Micropygomyia schreiberi (Martins, Falcão & Silva) and Psathyromyia pascalei (Coutinho & Barretto) are recorded for the first time in the municipality of Timóteo, and Pressatia choti (Floch & Abonnenc) is recorded for the first time in the State of Minas Gerais.

Phlebotomine sand flies are often captured with human bait and/or light traps, either with or without an animal bait. More recently, synthetic attractants have been used as bait in traps to improve the capture of phlebotomine sand flies as well as other insects of medical and veterinary importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the kairomone 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and the synthetic human odor BG-Mesh LureTM (BGML - lactic acid, caproic acid and ammonia) baited in modified CDC light traps on the capture of phlebotomine sand flies. The experiments followed the 5x5 Latin square design. Among the species caught, Lutzomyia intermedia apparently presented a dose-dependent response to octenol. The response obtained with the BGML, alone or in combination with octenol (5 mg/h), indicated some degree of attractiveness of these baits to different phlebotomine sand fly species. Octenol seems to be more attractive to L. intermedia than to Lutzomyia longipalpis, while the BGML presented a higher success in capturing L. longipalpis. When the components of the BGML were used separately, there was no increase in catching the female of L. intermedia. Apparently, there was no synergistic effect between the octenol and the BGML. In conclusion, the octenol and the BGML were demonstrated to be possible baits to attract some phlebotomine sand fly species.