Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar la Herramienta de Evaluación de Atención Primaria para Adultos al dialecto árabe marroquí y evaluar su fiabilidad y validez desde la perspectiva de pacientes adultos marroquíes. Método: Un comité de expertos realizó la adaptación transcultural de la Herramienta de Evaluación de Atención Primaria. El cuestionario adaptado fue sometido a traducción directa e inversa y a un estudio piloto. El análisis factorial exploratorio evaluó la consistencia interna, la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de los ítems y escalas. Finalmente, se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas sobre la estructura factorial final. Resultados: Se elaboró una versión en dialecto árabe marroquí de 43 ítems de la Herramienta de Evaluación de Atención Primaria para Adultos. Consiste en seis escalas de múltiples ítems que representan las cuatro dimensiones principales de la atención primaria: primer contacto, continuidad, integralidad y coordinación. Se incluyeron cuatro dimensiones derivadas: competencia cultural, comunicación, consejo y orientación comunitaria. Las seis escalas demuestran una sólida consistencia interna, correlaciones totales sólidas de ítems y validez de constructo. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach calculados variaron de 0,78 a 0,90. Conclusiones: Los análisis métricos exhaustivos respaldan la confiabilidad y la validez de la versión en dialecto árabe marroquí del Instrumento de Evaluación de Atención Primaria Edición para Adultos al evaluar los dominios centrales de la atención primaria desde la experiencia de los pacientes. Esta herramienta podría ser utilizada para investigaciones futuras sobre la atención primaria en Marruecos.

Abstract Objective: To adapt the Primary Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Edition into the Moroccan Arabic dialect and to assess its reliability and validity from the perspective of Moroccan adult patients. Method: A committee of experts carried out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Primary Care Assessment Tool. The adapted questionnaire was subject to forward and backward translation and a pilot study. Exploratory factor analysis assessed the internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of items and scales. Finally, descriptive statistics were performed on the final factor structure. Results: A 43-item Moroccan Arabic dialect version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Edition was developed. It consisted of six multi-item scales that represented the four main dimensions of primary care: first contact, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination. Four derived dimensions were included: cultural competence, communication, advice, and community orientation. All six scales demonstrated robust internal consistency, item-total solid correlations, and construct validity. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.90. Conclusions: Comprehensive metric analyses supported the reliability and validity of the Moroccan Arabic dialect version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Edition in assessing core primary care domains from the patients' experience. This tool could be used for future research on primary care in Morocco.

Abstract In this paper we are concerned with the spectral analysis for the classes of finte rank perturbations of diagonal operators in the form A = D+F where D is a diagonal operator and F = u’1 ⊗v’1+...+u’m ⊗vm is an operator of finite rank in the non-archimedean Banach space of countable type. We compute the spectrum of A using the theory of Fredholm operators in non archimedean setting and the concept of essential spectrum for linear operators.

Abstract In this paper, we prove a further generalized refinement of the weighted arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. As application, we show a new refinement of the generalized classical Hölder’s inequality and we give refinements to several inequalities for some special functions.

Abstract In this paper, we show a new generalized refinement of Young’s inequality. As applications we give some new generalized refinements of Young’s type inequalities for the determinants, traces and norms of positive definite matrices.

Abstract We establish some new refinements to the Hölder inequality. We then apply them to provide some refinements to the extended Euler’s gamma and beta functions. As another application of our results, we give a new proof of the equivalence between the Hölder inequality and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.

Resumo Introdução: A punção não aspirativa com agulha fina tem sido utilizada como primeira linha de investigação no diagnóstico de tumores de cabeça e pescoço, por ser uma técnica simples, custo-efetiva e menos invasiva quando comparada à biópsia. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os resultados de citologia por punção não-aspirativa com agulha fina de linfadenopatias cervicais e estudar os fatores que influenciam a taxa de falha diagnóstica. Método: Este estudo retrospectivo foi realizado em pacientes selecionados com linfadenopatia cervical submetidos a punção não aspirativa com agulha fina, seguida por biópsia histológica. Foram estimadas a sensibilidade, especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo da punção não aspirativa com agulha fina para o diagnóstico de tuberculose. Os fatores de risco dos resultados com falha diagnóstica foram avaliados. Resultados: As taxas de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo da punção não aspirativa com agulha fina para tuberculose foram de 83,3%, 83,3%, 78,9% e 86,9%, respectivamente. Das 131 amostras, 47 (35,8%) foram consideradas como falha diagnóstica. Das amostras não diagnosticadas, 84,2% (38 de 47) eram benignas, principalmente devido à tuberculose (30 casos). Entre os fatores estudados, apenas a tuberculose (confirmada pelo exame histopatológico) estava significativamente associada à citologia com falha diagnóstica (p = 0,02, odds ratio = 2,35). Conclusão: A tuberculose é atualmente a causa mais comum de linfadenopatia cervical no norte da África. A punção não aspirativa com agulha fina é uma técnica segura e precisa no diagnóstico de linfonodos cervicais associados ao risco de citologia com falha diagnóstica.

Abstract Introduction: The fine-needle cytology is being used as a first line of investigation in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings, as it is simple, cost effective and less invasive as compared to biopsy. Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of the fine-needle non-aspiration cytology of cervical lymphadenopathy and to study the factors influencing the rate of non-diagnosis results. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on selected patients with cervical lymphadenopathy that had undergone a fine-needle non-aspiration cytology followed by a histological biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of fine-needle non-aspiration cytology for diagnosing tuberculosis were estimated. The risk factors of non-diagnosis results were evaluated. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value rates of fine-needle non-aspiration cytology for tuberculosis were 83.3%, 83.3%, 78.9% and 86.9% respectively. In total, 47 out of the 131 samples (35.8%) were considered non-diagnosis. Of the non-diagnosis samples, 84.2% (38 out of 47) were benign mostly due to tuberculosis (30 cases). Among the studied factors, only tuberculosis (confirmed by histopathological examination) was significantly associated with non-diagnosis cytology (p = 0.02, Odds-Ratio = 2.35). Conclusion: Tuberculosis is currently the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in North Africa. Fine-needle non-aspiration cytology is safe and accurate in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymph node that is associated with the risk of non-diagnosis cytology.

SUMMARY: The Algerian forest, the last bulwark against desertification coming from Sahel, is particularly vulnerable to global change and must be protected from deforestation, which is constantly advancing. Aleppo pine, which covers 880,000 ha, is the predominant species of forests in semi-arid and arid regions. The soils of these regions are generally fragile and vulnerable due to climatic aridity; their degradation today has accentuated the phenomenon of desertification.The objective of this work was to compare the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the coniferous forest soils of the semi-arid and arid zones of the Algerian west. In addition to characterization of climates, 16 physical, chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed on soils collected from forest areas characteristic of the two zones: Jebel Sid Ahmed Zeggai forest massif (Saida province) located in the semi-arid zone and the forest massif of jebel Antar (Naama province) located in the arid zone. Our results showed very different soil qualities between the two zones: moisture content, water retention capacity, permeability, porosity and organic carbon content, total nitrogen and organic matter are higher in the semi-arid zone compared with the arid zone, which is characterized by the large presence of total limestone. Biomass and microbial basal respiration are higher in the semi-arid zone. Our results are discussed with regard to the vulnerability of soils to the respective climate of each of the zones and agro-silvo practices potentially involved in the degradation of these soils.

RESUMEN: El bosque argelino, el último baluarte contra la desertificación procedente del Sahel, es especialmente vulnerable al cambio global y debe ser protegido de la deforestación, que avanza constantemente. Pinus halepensis, que ocupa 880.000 ha, es la especie dominante en las regiones semiáridas y áridas. Los suelos de estas regiones son generalmente frágiles y vulnerables debido a la aridez climática y su degradación ha acentuado el fenómeno de la desertificación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de suelos forestales de coníferas de las zonas semiáridas y áridas del oeste argelino. Además de la caracterización de los climas, se analizaron 16 propiedades físicas, químicas y microbiológicas en suelos recolectados de áreas forestales características de dos zonas: macizo forestal de Jebel Sid Ahmed Zeggai (provincia de Saida), situado en la zona semiárida, y macizo forestal de Jebel Antar (provincia de Naama), en la zona árida. Los resultados mostraron calidades de suelo muy diferentes entre las dos zonas: el contenido de humedad, la capacidad de retención de agua, la permeabilidad, la porosidad y el contenido de carbono orgánico, el nitrógeno total y la materia orgánica son más altos en la zona semiárida en comparación con la zona árida, que se caracteriza por la gran presencia de caliza. La biomasa y la respiración basal microbiana fueron mayores en la zona semiárida. Se discuten los resultados con respecto a la vulnerabilidad de los suelos, al clima respectivo de cada zonas y prácticas agro-silvícolas potencialmente involucradas en la degradación de estos suelos.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de um protocolo de alongamento por facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva de contração-relaxamento sobre o equilíbrio dinâmico. MÉTODOS: Vinte jovens saudáveis do sexo masculino realizaram duas sessões oredenadas aleatoriamente; uma sessão com protocolo de alongamento por facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva de contração-relaxamento, e uma sessão sem esse protocolo. O equilíbrio dinâmico bipedal foi medido nas direções ântero-posterior e médio-lateral antes e após a conclusão das duas sessões experimentais, com os olhos abertos e fechados. RESULTADOS: O estudo mostrou que não há diferença significativa entre as duas sessões (com vs sem o protocolo de alongamento) no sentido ântero-posterior. No entanto, na direção médio-lateral, o protocolo de alongamento aumentou significativamente o equilíbrio dinâmico, quando comparado com a condição de protocolo sem alongamento. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo permite concluir que o protocolo de alongamento por facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva de contração-relaxamento pode ser eficaz para melhorar o controle de equilíbrio dinâmico.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (CR PNF) stretching protocol on dynamic balance. METHODS: Twenty healthy young male performed two sessions in a randomized order; a session with CR PNF stretching protocol, and a session without the stretching protocol. Bipedal dynamic balance was measured in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions before and after the completion the two experimental sessions with eyes opened and closed. RESULTS: the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the two sessions (with vs without the CR PNF stretching protocol) in the anterior-posterior direction. However, in the medio-lateral direction, the CR PNF stretching protocol significantly enhanced dynamic balance, when compared with the no stretch protocol condition. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that CR PNF stretching might be effective to improve dynamic balance control.

Maghnite- H+ is Algerian montmorillonite sheet alumino-silicate clay, exchanged with protons (H+). This solid non-toxic catalyst was successfully used as cationic catalyst for the polymerization of D,L-Lactid at 100°C. Interactions between Maghnite-H+ platelets and the monomer (D,L-Lactide) were studied by solid state 1H, 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The results show that, the mechanism of the reaction involves both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on Maghnite surface.

We report the nucleotide sequences of three citrus viroids belonging to three different genera: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus viroid-III (CVd-III) isolated from a single natural infected Citrus reticulata var. Clementine tree growing in a tree nursery in Manouba (near Tunis Capital). We describe the sequence variability of these viroids from their natural host without using an alternative passage by an indicator host or an artificial inoculation. This work confirms that naturally occurring viroid infections contain a mixture of sequence variants. These are the first sequences of citrus viroids from Africa.