ABSTRACT Copper is an essential element for beet; however, it needs to be made available in adequate quantities since this nutrient, which is a heavy metal, can cause toxicity to plants and/or humans. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of beet fertigated with copper in a semi-arid region of Brazil. Two experiments were carried out in complete randomized blocks, with five treatments (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kg ha-1 of copper) and four replicates. In 2019, the copper content was within the adequate range for beet. In 2021, fertigation with copper above 0.8 kg ha-1 led to contents in the phytotoxicity range, which may explain the reduction in total and tuberous root dry mass accumulation. Fertilization with copper increased marketable yield in 2019 (17.32 t ha-1 at the dose of 3.9 kg ha-1 of copper), while, in 2021, there was no fit of the equations. Copper fertilization altered the tuberous root pH but did not influence the other tuberous root quality components. Plants fertilized with copper accumulated more copper in the leaves than in the tuberous root, with a maximum accumulation of 6.0 kg ha-1 of copper in 2019 and 2021. Fertilization with 3.9 kg ha-1 suits soils with low copper content.

RESUMO O cobre é um elemento essencial à beterraba, no entanto, é necessário disponibilizá-lo em quantidade adequada uma vez que esse nutriente, que é um metal pesado, pode causar toxicidade às plantas e, ou, ao ser humano. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de beterraba fertirrigada com cobre em uma região semiárida do Brasil. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em delineados em blocos casualizados ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 e 6.0 kg ha-1 de cobre) e quatro repetições. Em 2019, o teor de cobre estava dentro da faixa adequada para a beterraba. Em 2021, a fertirrigação com cobre acima de 0.8 kg ha-1 proporcionou teores na faixa de fitotoxicidade, o que pode explicar a redução no acúmulo de massa seca total e de raízes tuberosas. A adubação com cobre aumentou a produtividade comercial em 2019 (17.32 t ha-1 na dose de 3.9 kg ha-1 de cobre) enquanto que, em 2021, não houve modelo ajustado. A adubação alterou o pH da raiz tuberosa, mas não influenciou nos demais atributos de qualidade pós-colheita da raiz tuberosa. Plantas adubadas com cobre acumularam mais cobre nas folhas do que na raiz tuberosa, com máxima acumulada em 2019 e em 2021, na dose 6.0 kg ha-1 de cobre. A adubação com 3.9 kg ha-1 é adequada para solos com baixo teor de cobre.

Resumo A lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é a principal espécie que causa danos à cultura do milho no Brasil. Na perspectiva de estudar alternativas de controle desta praga que preservem os inimigos naturais, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência inseticida dos óleos essenciais de Vanillosmopsis arborea e Lippia microphylla sobre S. frugiperda e verificar a seletividade ao predador Euborellia annulipes. Os bioensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Entomologia Agropecuária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, utilizando insetos, de 3º instar de S. frugiperda e E. annulipes, oriundos de criação massal no próprio laboratório. As diluições dos óleos foram realizadas em Tween® 80 nas concentrações de 0, 100, 150 e 200 mg mL-1. 1,0 μL de cada diluição foi aplicado na região protorácica dos insetos. A mortalidade de S. frugiperda foi verificada pelo contato tópico do óleo de V. arborea com LC10 = 74,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 172,86 mg mL-1, para L. microphyla, LC10 = 51,26 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 104,52 mg mL-1. As concentrações letais observadas para E. annulipes foram V. arborea LC10 = 71,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 160,2 mg mL-1. Enquanto L. microphyla, foram LC10 = 50,3 mg mL-1 e LC50 = 134,67 mg mL-1. Os óleos essenciais de V. arborea e L. microphylla são eficientes no controle de S. frugiperda, mas não são seletivos ao predador E. Annulipes.

Abstract Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is the main species that causes damage to the maize crop in Brazil. In the perspective of studying alternatives of control of this pest that preserve the natural enemies, the aim of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of the essential oils of Vanillosmopsis arborea and Lippia microphylla on S. frugiperda and verify the selectivity to the predator Euborellia annulipes. The bioassays were carried out in the Agricultural Entomology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraiba, using insects, from 3rd instar of S. frugiperda and E. annulipes, originating from mass rearing in the laboratory itself. Dilutions of the oils were performed in Tween® 80 at concentrations of 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg mL-1. 1.0 μL from each dilution was applied to the prothoracic region of the insects. The S. frugiperda mortality was verified by topical contact of V. arborea oil with LC10 = 74.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 172.86 mg mL-1, for L. microphyla, LC10 = 51.26 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 104.52 mg mL-1. The observed lethal concentrations for E. annulipes were V. arborea LC10 = 71.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 160.2 mg mL-1. While L. microphyla, were LC10 = 50.3 mg mL-1 and LC50 = 134.67 mg mL-1. The essential oils of V. arborea and L. microphylla are efficient in the control of S. frugiperda, but are not selective to the predator E. Annulipes.

Reuse made by the separation of whey can reduce the waste of human milk. However, the authors are not aware of the literature on treatments in human whey, made available by pasteurization holder, freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. In this context, the present study applied treatments to human whey and evaluated their lipid and immunological quality. Among the results, a different formation in the triacylglycerol profile was evidenced after the application of spray drying and high hydrostatic pressure, while pasteurization and freeze-drying presented ion intensity close to the control human whey. In addition, pasteurization proved to be adequate for lipid nutritional quality and transformation factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentration, while an increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels was promoted, between 73 and 80%, after freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. Through the principal component analysis, it is noteworthy that the processes presented divergences in terms of the effects caused, with similarity only between pasteurization and freeze-drying in the composition of fatty acids. However, it was observed that all processes were able to maintain the nutrients. Nevertheless, it is relevant to consider individual characteristics presented and the interest in the desired quality, which can be promising as a complementary product to infant feeding.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antibacterial activity of trans-anethole against food-borne strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis. The study was performed using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods, in addition, disc diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of trans-anethole with synthetic antimicrobials. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Adherence (MICA) testing was also performed. The results revealed that trans-anethole presents no antibacterial activity at any of the concentrations used against the E. cloacae strains tested. However, trans-anethole presented antibacterial effect against five of the six E. faecalis bacterial strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL. Further, when analyzing the MBC results against E. faecalis, it was observed that the compound presented values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that trans-anethole when combined with the antimicrobials ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone presented synergistic effect against most strains of E. faecalis. However, both trans-anethole and the control chlorhexidine (0.12%) presented no antibiofilm effects against strains of E. faecalis. In short, trans-anethole presented potential antibacterial against E. faecalis strains of food origin, and may upon further study, it may be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this bacterium.

Resumo O presente estudo procurou avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do trans-anetol contra cepas de Enterobacter cloacae e Enterococcus faecalis de origem alimentar. O estudo foi realizado utilizando métodos de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), além disso, foi utilizada a técnica de difusão de disco para avaliar a associação do trans-anetol com antimicrobianos. O teste de Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizado. Os resultados revelaram que o trans-anetol não apresentou atividade antibacteriana em nenhuma das concentrações utilizadas contra as cepas de E. cloacae testadas. No entanto, o trans-anetol apresentou efeito antibacteriano contra cinco das seis cepas bacterianas de E. faecalis testadas, com valores de CIM variando de 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL. Além disso, ao analisar os resultados da CBM contra E. faecalis, observa-se que o composto apresentou valores variando de 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o trans-anetol quando combinado com os antimicrobianos ampicilina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino, e ceftriaxona apresentou efeito sinérgico contra a maioria das cepas de E. faecalis. No entanto, tanto o trans-anetol quanto o controle clorexidina (0,12%) não apresentaram efeito antibiofilme contra a cepa de E. faecalis. Em suma, o trans-anetol apresentou potencial antibacteriano contra cepas de E. faecalis de origem alimentar, podendo, mediante estudos mais aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esta bactéria.

Abstract Heat treatment is used in the orange juice industry to neutralize the action of pathogenic microorganisms. However, it can reduce the nutritional value of the juice. Thus, our study assessed the cold plasma treatment as an alternative method against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in 'Lima' orange juice. Both, plasma and heat treatments, reduced the amount of E. coli in the juice, inactivating 16.72 and 100%, respectively. Plasma did not inactivate C. albicans, but heat treatment inactivated 100%. Plasma and heat treatment increased Hue angle and luminosity (more yellowish juice). Plasma reduced vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols content, while increased flavonoids. Heat treatment reduced the carotenoid content. However, neither heat nor plasma treatment altered the antioxidant activity. The plasma treatment reduced the intensity of color (chroma), the soluble solids content and the acidity ratio, total sugars, and the vitamin C content of juice compared to the heat-treated and control juices. Plasma-treated juice showed increased levels of yellow flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant activity until the 12th day of storage.

Resumo O tratamento térmico é utilizado na indústria de suco de laranja para neutralizar a ação de microrganismos patogênicos. No entanto, pode reduzir o valor nutricional do suco. Assim, o estudo avaliou o tratamento com plasma frio como método alternativo contra Escherichia coli e Candida albicans em suco de laranja 'Lima'. Ambos os tratamentos, plasma e calor, reduziram a quantidade de E. coli no suco, inativando 16.72 e 100%, respectivamente. O plasma não inativou C. albicans, mas o tratamento térmico inativou 100%. Plasma e tratamento térmico aumentaram o ângulo Hue e a luminosidade do suco (tom mais amarelo). O plasma reduziu o conteúdo de vitamina C, carotenóides e polifenóis, enquanto aumentou os flavonóides. O tratamento térmico reduziu o teor de carotenóides. No entanto, nem o calor nem o tratamento com plasma alteraram a atividade antioxidante. O tratamento com plasma reduziu a intensidade da cor (croma), o teor de sólidos solúveis e a razão de acidez, açúcares totais e o teor de vitamina C do suco em comparação com os sucos tratados termicamente e controle. O suco tratado com plasma apresentou maiores teores de flavonóides amarelos, fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante até o 12º dia de armazenamento.

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing numerous nosocomial infections. The present research aimed to analyze the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa potential of 2-Chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide (A8). The antibacterial potential of A8 was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Association using the checkerboard method. MIC and MBC values were 512 µg/mL for all P. aeruginosa strains evaluated, demonstrating predominantly bactericidal activity. Furthermore, when A8 was associated with the drug ceftriaxone, pharmacological additivity and indifference were evidenced. In this sense, the synthetic amide was interesting, since it demonstrates the potential to become a possible candidate for an antimicrobial drug.

Resumo Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa não fermentadora de lactose, responsável por causar inúmeras infecções nosocomiais. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o potencial anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa da molécula 2-Cloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrofenil)acetamida (A8). O potencial antibacteriano do A8 foi avaliado a partir da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e Associação pelo método de checkboard. Os valores de CIM e CBM foram de 512 µg/mL para todas as cepas de P. aeruginosa avaliadas, demonstrando atividade predominantemente bactericida. Além disso, quando o A8 foi associado ao fármaco ceftriaxona, evidenciou-se aditividade e indiferença farmacológica. Nesse sentido, a amida sintética se mostrou interessante, pois demonstra potencial para se tornar um possível candidato a fármaco antimicrobiano.

Abstract Soybean varieties with indeterminate growth habit are widely used in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and are characterized by not having well-defined phenological stages. Due to the importance of bee conservation, studies on the frequency and time of visitation in indeterminate soybean are needed. Samples were collected in a 4-ha plot of soybeans not treated with insecticides. Sampling was carried out at random spots, throughout the flowering period, starting at 08h:00min, during 15 min/hour, successively until 16h:00min. Generalized Linear Models were generated and the Poisson regression model provided the best fit, reflecting the significant differences revealed by the deviance analysis. The association between bees and climatic variables was tested with the Spearman’s correlation. The temporal pattern of bee visitation was independently influenced by flowering period and time of day. However climatic variables did not influence significantly bee visitation rate. In the first days of flowering, bees were more abundant, especially between 10h and 15h. These results have practical implications in the maintenance of this species during soybean management practices, contributing to a balanced coexistence between beekeepers and soybean growers, by avoiding applications of phytosanitary products during the periods of high bee visitation.

Colostrum human milk samples obtained from human milk banks received different treatments and were evaluated for their proximal composition, fatty acids composition and lipid quality. The total lipids content was maintained in the treatments. There was no difference in moisture, ash, total proteins, carbohydrates and energetic value for raw colostrum human milk and pasteurized colostrum human milk, and there was difference in ash, total proteins and energetic value for freeze-dried colostrum human milk and pasteurized + freeze-dried colostrum human milk. The fatty acids composition demonstrated no difference in the processes for 14 of 31 fatty acids identified. Furthermore, lipid quality indices were obtained, which were unpublished for colostrum human milk submitted to pasteurization and freeze drying. Principal component analysis showed similar behaviors for freeze-dried colostrum human milk and pasteurized and freeze-dried colostrum human milk. So, the processes used may be promising for application in colostrum human milk, due to the maintenance of its proximal characteristics and fatty acid composition.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de dois acidificantes (com diferentes níveis de proteção) sobre o potencial de acidificação in vitro, a digestibilidade aparente do trato total dos nutrientes da dieta, os metabólitos sanguíneos e o ganho médio diário de leitões. Foram avaliados dois acidificantes comerciais (AC1 e AC2). O potencial de acidificação dos acidificantes adicionados às dietas foi testado quanto à capacidade tamponante e ao pH inicial in vitro. Para avaliação da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta, dos metabólitos sanguíneos e do ganho médio diário, foram realizados dois experimentos. O acidificante AC2 teve maior efeito na redução inicial do pH e menor taxa linear de tamponamento linear da dieta. O uso de acidificantes não melhorou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes das dietas e não teve efeito sobre as concentrações dos metabólitos sanguíneos de ureia, proteína total, albumina, globulina e lactato. Embora a inclusão de acidificantes nas dietas não tenha afetado a digestibilidade aparente do trato total dos nutrientes da dieta, a inclusão do acidificante AC2 em diferentes níveis apresentou efeito quadrático negativo no ganho médio diário, com o melhor nível de inclusão sendo 0,26%.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of two acidifiers blend (with different protection levels) on the acidification potential in vitro, apparent total tract digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites, and average daily gain of nursery piglets. Two commercial acidifiers blend additives (AC1 and AC2) were evaluated. The acidification potential of the two acidifiers blend added to the diet were tested by buffering capacity and initial pH in vitro. For the evaluation of apparent digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites and average daily gain, two experiments were carried out. The AC2 acidifier had a greater effect on the initial reduction in pH and a lower linear buffering rate of the diet. The use of acidifiers did not improve the nutrient digestibility of the diets and had no effect on the blood metabolite concentrations of urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, and lactate. Although the inclusion of acidifiers in the diets did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of the diet nutrients the inclusion of the AC2 acidifier at different levels showed a negative quadratic effect on the average daily gain, with the best inclusion level being 0.26%.

Abstract The position control in electromechanical systems can many times be performed by direct current (DC) motors. Due to this, the control of these devices is studied via several control strategies in the literature. In this work, the modeling of a direct current motor with coupled load is presented, including the experiments performed to obtain the main system’s parameters and the dynamic’s discretization process. The discretization is taken into account in order to allow the controller to be performed by a computer. From the obtained model, the state feedback control approach along with an observer were explored to create a digital controller for the considered DC motor. The obtained results, both from the simulation and the experimental setup, show that the obtained model is valid. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that the proposed control strategy conducts to appropriate results both in simulations and in experimental tests since the closed-loop system matches the performance requirements within the limitations of the considered prototype.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma sequencia didática com kits multissensoriais que podem servir como materiais potencialmente significativos de acordo com os moldes da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel. Os autores desejam transformar a Física cada vez mais em uma Disciplina Inclusiva.

Abstract This paper presents a didactic sequence with Multisensory Kits that can serve as potentially meaningful materials according to the molds of David Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory. Authors look forward to turning Physics more and more into an Inclusive Discipline.

Acerola is a tropical fruit with a large industrial and commercial appeal due to its organoleptic qualities and bioactive compound-rich nature. Thus, as bioactive compounds (BC) stability is of great interest in the food industry, assessment of preserving techniques to prolong shelf life has become imperative. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how storage affects BC conservation in microencapsulated and lyophilized acerola pulps over 180 days. For this matter, antioxidant tests, physical-chemical analyzes, and vitamin C analysis by mass spectrometry were performed. Results indicated that microencapsulation better preserved the antioxidants in acerola pulp compared to the other preservation technologies employed. This is due to the greater BC concentration in the microencapsulated, as well as the pH reduction. Furthermore, over 180 days, microencapsulation better preserved the target compounds in acerola pulp compared to lyophilization, as evidenced by the superior content of BC in the former treatment, making it an appealing option for the food sector.