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Safety of two-dose schedule of COVID-19 adsorbed inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac/Butantan) and heterologous additional doses of mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals
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Miyaji, Karina Takesaki

; Ibrahim, Karim Yaqub

; Infante, Vanessa

; Moreira, Raquel Megale

; Santos, Carolina Ferreira dos Belizário, Juliana de Cássia Pinto, Maria Isabel de Moraes Marinho, Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Pereira, Juliana Marquezi Mello, Liliane Saraiva de Silva, Vitor Gabriel Lopes da Sato, Paula Keiko Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão Ragiotto, Lucas Pacheco, Pedro Henrique Theotonio de Mesquita Braga, Patricia Emilia Loch, Ana Paula Precioso, Alexander Roberto Sartori, Ana Marli Christovam França, João Ítalo Lima, Marcos Alves de Ando, Mauricio Cesar Sampaio Rodrigues, Camila Cristina Martini Song, Alice Tung Wan Lara, Amanda Nazareth Belizário, Ana Cristina Lima, Anna Helena Simões Bortulucci de Zanetti, Ariane Cristina Barboza Paulo, Audrey Rose da Silveira Amancio de Rosa, Barbara Miranda dos Santos Moraes, Bruna Del Guerra de Carvalho Oliveira, Bruna Ribeiro de Picone, Camila de Melo Aranda, Carolina Sanches Troli, Carolinne Paioli Kokron, Cristina M. Terrabuio, Debora Raquel Benedita Abdala, Edson David Neto, Elias Nakanishi, Érika Yoshie Shimoda Lima, Fabiana Mascarenhas Souza Firmino, Fabio Batista Santos, Fernanda Barone Alves dos Bacal, Fernando Fatobene, Giancarlo Santana, Jaqueline Oliveira Kalil, Jorge Barbosa, Julia Gonçalves, Leandro Peres Otuyama, Leonardo Jun Pierrotti, Ligia Camera Compte, Livia Caroline Mariano Marinho, Livia Chaer, Livia Netto Seguro, Luis Fernando Azevedo, Luiz Sergio Ueda, Márcia Aiko Terreri, Maria Teresa Barros, Myrthes Anna Maragna Toledo Grecco, Octávio Sejas, Odeli Nicole Encinas Musqueira, Priscila Tavares Ito, Raquel Keiko de Luca Teixeira, Samia Silveira Souza Fidalgo, Serafim Costa, Silvia Figueiredo Campos, Silvia Vidal Fernandes, Tamiris Hinsching Rocha, Vanderson Geraldo Coelho, Vivian Caso

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2025, Volume 67 elocation e2

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Immunocompromised individuals were considered high-risk for severe disease due to SARS COV-2 infection. This study aimed to describe the safety of two doses of COVID-19 adsorbed inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac/Butantan), followed by additional doses of mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) in immunocompromised (IC) adults, compared to immunocompetent/healthy (H) individuals. This phase 4, multicenter, open label study included solid organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cancer patients and people with inborn errors of immunity with defects in antibody production, rheumatic, end-stage chronic kidney or liver disease, who were enrolled in the IC group. Participants received two doses of CoronaVac and additional doses of mRNA BNT162b2. Adverse reactions (AR) data were collected within seven days after each vaccination. Serious adverse events and of special interest (AESI) were monitored throughout the study. We included 241 immunocompromised and 100 immunocompetent subjects. Arthralgia, fatigue, myalgia, and nausea were more frequent in the IC group after CoronaVac. Following the first additional dose of mRNA BNT162, pain, induration, and tenderness at injection site, fatigue and myalgia were more frequent in the H group. A heart transplant recipient had a graft rejection temporally associated with the second CoronaVac dose, but there was no literature evidence of causal association. Four cases of AESI were considered related to the vaccine: three erythema multiforme after CoronaVac, all in IC participants, and one paresthesia after mRNA, in a H participant. Our findings were comparable to other studies that evaluated the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in different immunocompromised populations. Both vaccines were safe for immunocompromised participants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202567002

Evaluation of (-)-Fenchone antimicrobial activity against oral Candida albicans and toxicological parameters: an in silico, in vitro and ex vivo study Fenchone parameters silico
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SANTOS, ANDRÉ A. DOS

; OLIVEIRA-FILHO, ABRAHÃO A. DE

; TEIXEIRA, BRÁULIO A.

; GALVÃO, JOSÉ LUCAS F.M.

; MEDEIROS, MARIA ALICE A. DE

; ALVES, MILLENA S.

; BARBOSA, DAVID HENRIQUE X.

; MAFRA, RODRIGO P.

; VASCONCELOS, ULRICH

; LIMA, EDELTRUDES O.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volume 96 Nº 4 elocation e20240273

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Candida albicans is the primary species causing oral candidiasis. Its increasing drug resistance drives the search for more effective antifungal agents. Therefore, we assessed toxicological parameters and the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of the monoterpene (-)-fenchone against oral C. albicans. We conducted an in silico study using PASS online and AdmetSAR, followed by evaluation of antifungal activity through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), association study with miconazole, and assays with sorbitol and ergosterol. Inhibition of biofilm formation and disruption of preformed biofilm were considered. Toxicity was also assessed through hemolysis assay. The in silico study revealed a higher likelihood of the compound being active for antifungal activity, as well as promising pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics. Subsequently, (-)-fenchone exhibited predominantly fungicidal activity (MIC90 = 8 μg/mL; MFC = 16 μg/mL), including against miconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The substance does not appear to act by damaging the fungal cell wall or plasma membrane, and exhibited synergy with miconazole. There was activity in inhibiting biofilm formation but not in disrupting preformed biofilm. Finally, the product exerted low hemolytic activity at more than MIC×10. Based on these results, (-)-fenchone may represent a promising therapeutic alternative for oral candidiasis. candidiasis agents Therefore fenchone C AdmetSAR MIC, MIC , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) miconazole ergosterol considered assay characteristics Subsequently MIC90 (MIC9 μg/mL μgmL μg mL 1 μg/mL, μg/mL) miconazoleresistant resistant isolates membrane Finally MIC10 10 MIC×10 results (MIC (MFC MIC9 MIC1 MIC×1 MIC×

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420240273

Endangered bird species of one of the last remnants of lowland Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: pressures and preservation measures state Brazil
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ALVES, MARIA ALICE S.

; RIBEIRO, EDVANDRO A.

; FERREIRA, CAIO S.

; GAGLIARDI, RICARDO LUIS

; VECCHI, MAURÍCIO B.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volume 96 Nº 3 elocation e20230932

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230932

Timeline analysis of IgA and IgG levels in Covid-19 hospitalized patients according to the clinical outcome
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Medeiros, Thalia

; Carvalho, Fabiana R. Faustino, Renan Guimarães, Gabriel M. C. Alves, Lilian S. Oliveira, Any Caroline Azeredo, Elzinandes L. Almeida, Jorge R. Pinto, Luzia Maria O. Silva, Andrea Alice

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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2021, Volume 57 elocation e4022021

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos sugerem a associação entre a produção de anticorpos e a gravidade da coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Objetivos: Avaliar as concentrações de imunoglobulinas da classe A (IgA) e da classe G (IgG) durante a internação de pacientes com Covid-19 de acordo com o desfecho (sobrevida vs óbito). Materiais e métodos: Pacientes com infecção pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) confirmada por reação da transcriptase reversa seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo. As amostras foram obtidas semanalmente durante o acompanhamento dos indivíduos, considerando o início dos sintomas. Os títulos de IgA e IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 foram mensurados por meio de um imunoensaio comercial. Correlações entre IgA/IgG e valores de limiar de detecção [cycle thresholds (Ct)] para os genes alvos N1 e N2 também foram avaliadas. Resultados: Estudamos 55 pacientes com Covid-19 (59,7 ± 6,2 anos; 63,6% do sexo masculino); destes, 28 (50,9%) morreram. Observamos positividade para IgA e IgG (IgA+/IgG+) em 90,9% e 80% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A maior frequência de IgA+ foi verificada nas semanas 2 e 3, e a maior frequência de IgG+, nas semanas 3 e 4. É importante observar que os pacientes que morreram apresentaram títulos de IgA mais baixos nas primeiras duas semanas (p < 0,05); no entanto, um aumento significativo na concentração de IgA foi observado nas semanas subsequentes. Por fim, identificamos correlações significativas entre os valores de Ct e imunoglobulinas; tanto IgA quanto IgG foram correlacionadas com Ct N2 em pacientes que morreram. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que títulos mais baixos de IgA no início da Covid-19 - que estão associados a valores mais baixos de Ct - podem indicar pacientes com risco elevado de evoluir para óbito.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies suggest the association between antibody production and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Objectives: To evaluate the concentrations of immunoglobulins class A (IgA) and class G (IgG) during the hospitalization period of Covid-19 patients according to the outcome (survival vs death). Materials and methods: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included in this prospective study. Samples were obtained weekly during the follow-up of individuals, considering symptom onset. Titers of anti-Sars-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were measured using a commercial immunoassay. Correlations between IgA/IgG and cycle threshold (Ct) values for N1 and N2 target genes were also assessed. Results: We studied 55 Covid-19 patients (59.7±16.2 years, 63.6% male), of which 28 (50.9%) died. We observed IgA and IgG positivity (IgA+ and IgG+) in 90.9% and 80% of patients, respectively. The highest IgA+ frequency was observed at weeks 2 and 3 and the highest IgG+ at weeks 3 and 4. It is important to note that patients who died presented lower IgA titers in the first two weeks (p < 0.05); however, a significant increase in IgA levels was observed in the subsequent weeks. Lastly, we identified that significant correlations between Ct values and immunoglobulins levels, both IgA and IgG were correlated with Ct N2 in patients who died. Conclusion: Our results suggest that lower IgA titers in early Covid-19, which is associated with lower Ct values, may indicate patients at higher risk for death.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estudios sugieren una asociación entre la producción de anticuerpos y la gravedad de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19). Objetivos: Evaluar las concentraciones de inmunoglobulinas clase A (IgA) y clase G (IgG) durante la hospitalización de pacientes con Covid-19 según el desenlace (supervivencia vs muerte). Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en este estudio prospectivo pacientes con síndrome respiratorio agudo severo de infección por coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) confirmado por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR). Las muestras se obtuvieron semanalmente durante el seguimiento de los individuos, considerando la aparición de los síntomas. Los títulos de IgA e IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 se midieron usando un inmunoensayo comercial. También se evaluaron las correlaciones entre IgA/IgG y los valores de los umbrales de ciclo [cycle threshold (Ct)] para los genes N1 y N2. Resultados: Se estudiaron 55 pacientes Covid-19 (59,7 ± 16,2 años, 63,6% varones), de los cuales 28 (50,9%) fallecieron. Observamos positividad de IgA e IgG (IgA+ e IgG+) en el 90,9% y el 80% de los pacientes, respectivamente. La frecuencia más alta de IgA+ se observó en las semanas dos y tres y la IgG + más alta en las semanas tres y cuatro. Es importante señalar que los pacientes que fallecieron presentaron títulos de IgA más bajos en las dos primeras semanas (p < 0,05); sin embargo, se observó un aumento significativo en los niveles de IgA en las semanas siguientes. Conclusión: Identificamos correlaciones significativas entre los valores de Ct y los niveles de Ig, tanto IgA como IgG se correlacionaron con Ct N2 en los pacientes que fallecieron. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los títulos de IgA más bajos en Covid-19 temprano, que se asocia con valores de Ct más bajos, pueden indicar que los pacientes tienen un mayor riesgo de muerte.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20210021 231 downloads

Occurrence, residency patterns and habitat use of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus truncatus, on two Marine Protected Areas in Southeastern Brazil
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TARDIN, RODRIGO H.

; MACIEL, ISRAEL S.

; MARICATO, GUILHERME

; SIMÃO, SHEILA M.

; MARIA, TATIANA F.

; ALVES, MARIA ALICE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 Nº 2 elocation e20180843

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is widely distributed. However, information about its ecology and behavior in Brazilian waters is scarce especially about the ‘offshore’ ecotype, an Evolutionarily Significant Unit in the Southwest Atlantic. We report for the first time the occurrence, behavior and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus truncatus, in two Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Cabo Frio coast, Brazil. There were fifteen sightings of different groups throughout the year. An overall of 429 individuals were photo-identified. 90.7% dolphins did not present a degree of residence, 1.4% dolphins were considered with high residency to the area, 5.8% medium and 2.1% low. Our habitat use map indicated dolphins were more common off ~10km from Cabo Frio municipality and between depths around 20-70m. Bottlenose dolphins on Cabo Frio coast were more frequently observed performing travelling, followed by foraging and socio-sexual behavior. Group sizes varied from three to 120 individuals. Larger groups were observed when travelling and foraging. Despite the existence of two local Marine Protected Areas, the fast human development in Cabo Frio may threaten this important area for bottlenose dolphins in terms of food resources and shelter from predators.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180843 920 downloads

Molecular sexing and intersexual differences in the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae)
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Medeiros, Reinaldo T.

; Chaves, Flávia G.

; Vecchi, Maurício B.

; Nogueira, Denise M.

; Alves, Maria Alice S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2019, Volume 36 elocation e32771

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Variation in the morphometry of individuals in a population may result from natural or sexual selection. In the present study we investigated morphometric differences between males and females of a bird species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant, Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Wied, 1831), with no apparent sexual dimorphism. All individuals (n = 56) were sexed by PCR amplification of the intronic fragments of the CHDZ/CHDW alleles obtained from blood samples, and 12 morphometric measurements were recorded. The molecular configuration was similar to that described for other species of Passeriformes, with males presenting a single band of approximately 360 base pairs (bp), and females with two bands of 360 and 400 bp. Males had significantly larger tarsi and wings than the females, while the females had two larger beak measurements. This indicates that differential selection pressures may be modeling the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant. In the males, larger tarsi and wings may be beneficial for the exploration of the habitat or the acquisition of potential mates, while females with larger beaks may be able to exploit larger food items and forage more efficiently. However, these hypotheses need to be tested empirically in future studies.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32771 530 downloads

Heterogeneity of bird communities in a mosaic of habitats on a restinga ecosystem in southeast Brazil
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Gomes, Verônica S. da M. Vecchi, Maurício B. Loiselle, Bette A. Missagia, Caio C.C. Alves, Maria Alice S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2016, Volume 33 Nº 5 elocation e20150205

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Restinga occurs as a narrow band of coastal habitats throughout the Atlantic Forest, although it presents considerable variation in vegetation structure, which likely contributes to heterogeneity in species inhabiting this endangered ecosystem. The goal of this study is to examine how variation in vegetation and abiotic conditions in the restinga ecosystem may contribute to heterogeneity of bird communities in Restinga de Jurubatiba, Brazil. Temperature, relative humidity, and vegetation structure were sampled to characterize four sites (dry forest, flooded forest, open scrub and closed scrub). Birds were sampled using observations, mist-netting and voice recordings. Results indicate that major differences of all variables occur between forest and scrub in both vegetation and birds. In addition, differences also exist within forests and within scrub, resulting in considerable heterogeneity among sampled areas. Scrub sites were richer in bird species (n = 58) than forest sites (n = 41), while closed scrub had the most species (n = 49). Also, 64% (47 of 73) of bird species were exclusive to forest or scrub habitats. Scrub habitats were more similar to each other than forest habitats. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from satellite images distinguished scrub sites and may be useful to monitor changes in vegetation patches through time. The restinga ecosystem is quite heterogeneous with considerable turnover in bird species composition and differences in vegetation structure. Forest strips may serve as connectors on the landscape and to help maintain species diversity and conservation of forest species. Also, this highly dynamic ecosystem, which includes a mosaic of habitat types, likely promotes resilience of bird populations under changing conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150205 2081 downloads

Plant-hummingbird interactions and temporal nectar availability in arestinga from Brazil
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FONSECA, LORENA C.N. VIZENTIN-BUGONI, JEFERSON RECH, ANDRÉ R. ALVES, MARIA ALICE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Dez 2015, Volume 87 Nº 4 Páginas 2163 - 2175

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Beija-flores são o grupo mais especializado e importante de aves polinizadoras na região neotropical e suas interações com plantas são componentes chave de muitas comunidades. No presente estudo, identificamos o conjunto de plantas visitadas por beija-flores e investigamos a variação temporal nos recursos florais em uma área de restinga (vegetação costeira arenosa associada à Mata Atlântica), no sudeste do Brasil. Registramos as características florais e do néctar, a fenologia de floração e as interações entre plantas e beija-flores e estimamos a quantidade de calorias produzida por hectare entre de 2005 a agosto de 2006. Dez espécies de plantas foram visitadas por dois beija-flores (Amazilia fimbriata e Eupetomena macroura). A disponibilidade do recurso foi altamente variável entre as espécies de planta e ao longo do tempo. O volume e a concentração de néctar por flor foram similares aos relatados para outras assembleias de plantas visitadas por beija-flores na região Neotropical. A disponibilidade de recurso de néctar estimada entre meses variou entre 0,85 e 5,97 Kcal por hectare/dia, demandando uma área entre um e 6,8 ha para manter um único indivíduo de beija-flor. Nosso estudo relata uma situação tropical incomum onde quase todas as interações entre beija-flores e plantas foram realizadas por uma única espécie de beija-flor, A. fimbriata. Dessa forma, a variação na disponibilidade de néctar provavelmente influencia os deslocamentos do beija-flor, sua área de forrageamento e consequentemente a polinização das plantas.

ABSTRACT Hummingbirds are the most important and specialized group of pollinating birds in the Neotropics and their interactions with plants are key components to many communities. In the present study we identified the assemblage of plants visited by hummingbirds and investigated the temporal availability of floral resources in an area of restinga, sandy plain coastal vegetation associated with the Atlantic forest, in Southeastern Brazil. We recorded flower and nectar features, flowering phenology and interactions between plants and hummingbirds and estimated the amount of calories produced per hectare from June 2005 to August 2006. Ten plant species were visited by two hummingbirds,Amazilia fimbriata and Eupetomena macroura. Resource availability was highly variable among plant species and over time. Nectar volume and concentration per flower were similar to other Neotropical hummingbird-visited plant assemblages. The estimated nectar resource availability between months varied from 0.85 to 5.97 Kcal per hectare/day, demanding an area between one and 6.8 ha to support a single hummingbird. Our study reports an unusual tropical setting where almost all interactions between hummingbirds and plants were performed by a single hummingbird species,A. fimbriata. Hence, the variable nectar availability is probably influencing hummingbird movements, its foraging area, and consequently plant pollination.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140349 4660 downloads

The rate of visitation by Amazilia fimbriata (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) influences seed production in Tillandsia stricta (Bromeliaceae)
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Missagia, Caio C.C. Alves, Maria Alice S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Jun 2015, Volume 32 Nº 3 Páginas 260 - 262

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Legitimate flowers visitors pollinate the flower during the visit and thus influence the production of fruits and seeds. We tested whether the visitation rate of potential pollinators is associated with the amount of seeds per fruit produced by the self-compatible bromeliad Tillandsia stricta (Bromeliaceae). We determined whether hummingbirds are legitimate visitors by testing for a correlation between visits and pollination (seed production) at the Guapiaçú Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçú), state of Rio de Janeiro. We tested 30 flowers, five of which were also monitored to test the possibility of spontaneous self-pollination. The remaining 25 flowers were exposed to floral visitors. Twenty-two flowers formed fruits and seeds, from which three formed seeds without floral visits. The hummingbird Amazilia fimbriata (Gmelin, 1788) was the only legitimate visitor. The average number (± standard deviation) of seeds was 27 units (±15) per fruit. The floral visitation rate by A. fimbriata was 6.6 (±3.4) visits/per flower. The number of floral visits and the amount of seed produced were positively correlated (r² = 0.58, p < 0.01). Thus, A. fimbriata is a legitimate floral visitor of T. stricta, and influences seed production per fruit in this bromeliad.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000300010 1583 downloads

10.

Missing for the last twenty years: the case of the southernmost populations of the Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Passeriformes: Mimidae)
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Zanon, Mariana S. Vale, Mariana M. Alves, Maria Alice S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Fev 2015, Volume 32 Nº 1 Páginas 01 - 08

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Vieillot, 1808) is a widespread species in the Neotropics, but its southernmost populations in Brazil are ecologically (and possibly taxonomically) distinct, occurring only along the coast in restinga vegetation. Once considered the most common bird in restinga, it is becoming increasingly rare, likely due to habitat loss and illegal capture of nestlings. We conducted field surveys to provide an up-to-date distribution of the Tropical Mockingbird in the southernmost portion of the species' range, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, supplying an estimate of its current regional population size and conservation status. We surveyed 21 restinga remnants in Rio de Janeiro, covering all major restinga areas in the state. For sites where the species' presence was confirmed through transect line surveys, we estimated the local population size. The species was found at only four sites. The mean local population density was 52 individuals per km-2. The estimated current and historical Extent of Occurrence (EOO) were 256 km2 and 653 km2, respectively. Combining the population size and EOO results, we estimated that the population of the state of Rio de Janeiro currently ranges from 2,662 to 13,312 individuals, corresponding to an estimated reduction of 61% to 92% in population size in the last 20 years. The species, therefore, can be considered "Endangered" in the state of Rio de Janeiro. We recommend that a taxonomic study of the southernmost populations is carried out in order to clarify whether they represent a different, likely threatened species. We also recommend that the environmental regulations that protect restingas are used towards the protection of these populations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000100001 1763 downloads

11.

Reproductive phenology and sharing of floral resource among hummingbirds (Trochilidae) in inflorescences ofDahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme. (Fabaceae) in the Atlantic forest
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MISSAGIA, CAIO C.C. VERÇOZA, FÁBIO C. ALVES, MARIA ALICE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Dez 2014, Volume 86 Nº 4 Páginas 1693 - 1702

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A proposta do presente estudo foi investigar a fenologia reprodutiva e a partilha de recurso floral (néctar) de Dahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme. (Fabaceae), endêmica de Mata Atlântica, entre beija-flores. Para a fenologia considerou-se a presença de estruturas reprodutivas nas plantas e para a partilha de recurso floral foi examinada a frequência de potenciais polinizadores e comportamentos de forrageamento. Este estudo foi conduzido no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, em floresta ombrófila densa, entre agosto de 2010 e agosto de 2011. A floração ocorreu entre dezembro de 2010 e março de 2011, e a frutificação entre abril e junho de 2011. Os horários de forrageamento dos beija-flores diferiram significativamente, com visitas legítimas às flores ocorrendo pela manhã, e ilegítimas no final da manhã e à tarde. Cinco espécies de beija-flores visitaram flores, três delas como visitantes legítimos:Phaethornis ruber, P. pretrei eRamphodon naevius. Amazilia fimbriata e fêmeas de Thalurania glaucopis realizaram apenas visitas ilegítimas. Phaethornis ruber pilhou néctar (78% de visitas ilegítimas, n=337). Ramphodon naevius, com comportamento de forrageamento territorial e um tamanho corporal superior às demais espécies de beija-flores observadas, dominou as visitas florais. Isso sugere que D. pinnata é um recurso alimentar importante para essa ave endêmica de Mata Atlântica e globalmente categorizada como Quase Ameaçada.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive phenology and sharing of floral resource (nectar) ofDahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme. (Fabaceae), endemic of Atlantic forest, among hummingbirds. For the phenology, we looked at the presence of reproductive structures in the plants, and for floral resource sharing, the frequency of potential pollinators and foraging behaviors were examined. This study was conducted in Pedra Branca State Park, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in a dense ombrophilous forest, between August 2010 and August 2011. Flowering occurred between December 2010 and March 2011, and fruiting between April and June 2011. Hummingbirds' foraging schedules differed significantly, with legitimate visits to the flowers occurring in the morning and illegitimate visits occurring during late morning and the afternoon. Five species visited flowers, three of which were legitimate visitors:Phaethornis ruber, P. pretrei, andRamphodon naevius. Amazilia fimbriata andThalurania glaucopis females only visited illegitimately.Phaethornis ruber robbed nectar (78% of illegitimate visits, n=337). Ramphodon naevius, with a territorial foraging behavior and a body size bigger than that of other observed hummingbird species, dominated the floral visits, which suggests thatD. pinnata is an important nourishing resource for this endemic bird of the Atlantic forest, currently globally categorized as Near Threatened.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130134 2455 downloads

12.

Behavioral event occurrence differs between behavioral states in Sotalia guianensis (Cetarctiodactyla: Delphinidae) dolphins: a multivariate approach
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Tardin, Rodrigo H. Pinto, Míriam P. Alves, Maria Alice S. Simão, Sheila M.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Fev 2014, Volume 31 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 7

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Difficulties in quantifying behavioral events can cause loss of information about cetacean behavior, especially behaviors whose functions are still debated. The lack of knowledge is greater for South American species such as Sotalia guianensis (Van Benédén, 1864). Our objective was to contextualize the behavioral events inside behavioral states using a Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Three events occurred in the Feeding, Socio-Sexual and Travelling states (Porpoising, Side flop, Tail out dive), and five events occurred in the Feeding and Travelling states (Back flop, Horizontal jump, Lobtail, Spy-hop, Partial flop ahead). Three events (Belly exposure, Club, and Heading) occurred exclusively in the Socio-sexual state. Partial Back flop and Head flop occurred exclusively in the Feeding state. For the events that occurred in multiple states, we observed that some events occurred more frequently in one of the states (p < 0.001), such as Lobtail, Tail out dive horizontal Jump, Partial flop ahead and Side flop. Our multivariate analysis, which separated Socio-sexual behavior from Feeding and Travelling, showed that the abundance of behavioral events differs between states. This differentiation indicates that some events are associated with specific behavioral states. Almost 40% of the events observed were exclusively performed in one state, which indicates a high specialization for some events. Proper discrimination and contextualization of behavioral events may be efficient tools to better understand dolphin behaviors. Similar studies in other habitats and with other species, will help build a broader scenario to aid our understanding of the functions of dolphin behavioral events.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000100001 2583 downloads

13.

Gender-related diet composition and morphometry of the Restinga Antwren, Formicivora littoralis (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
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Chaves, Flávia G. Alves, Maria Alice S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Dez 2013, Volume 30 Nº 6 Páginas 601 - 606

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Formicivora littoralis (Gonzaga and Pacheco, 1990), the Restinga Antwren, considered the only endemic bird species of the Restinga ecosystem (sandy plain coastal vegetation), is threatened with extinction. The scientific literature provides little information on the biology of this bird, which was discovered in 1990. We evaluate gender-related differences in the composition of the diet and morphometric measurements of this species. We tested the hypothesis that the sexes differ in what they eat and in morphometric characters. Our results revealed that the diet of the Restinga Antwren includes mainly arthropods, which is consistent with the diets of other Thamnophilidae. The lack of differences in the composition of the diet between the sexes does not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning to avoid intraspecific competition is taking place. We found significant differences in six morphometric measurements, two in the beak and four in body size. It is possible that intraspecific differences between the sexes are a result of sexual selection, a hypothesis that needs to be tested.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702013005000006 1628 downloads

14.

Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of the Restinga Antwren Formicivora littoralis (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
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CHAVES, FLAVIA G. VECCHI, MAURICIO B. LAURINDO, THIAGO F.S. ALVES, MARIA ALICE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Jun 2013, Volume 85 Nº 2 Páginas 547 - 552

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nós descrevemos ninho, ovos e ninhegos do formigueiro-do-litoral (Formicivora littoralis), uma ave ameaçada do ecossistema de Restinga (vegetação de planícies arenosas costeiras) que é endêmica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Doze ninhos foram encontrados nas bordas de trilhas ou clareiras naturais na região da Restinga da Massambaba, em diferentes plantas suporte e alturas sobre o solo (X ± DP 1,27 ± 0,97 m, amplitude 0,27 a 3,45 m). Os ninhos tiveram forma de cesto e estavam em forquilhas horizontais, presos a galhos em três a cinco pontos com fibra vegetal esbranquiçada, macia e fina, semelhante a algodão. A forma de cesto e as medidas dos ninhos foram semelhantes às de espécies congêneres, mas o material do ninho foi diferente. Os ovos foram brancos com manchas marrons concentradas na extremidade mais larga ou na porção mediana, dando a aparência de um anel rudimentar marron. A média ± DP do diâmetro menor foi 13,1 ± 0,34 mm, com diâmetro máximo de 18,0 ± 0,38 mm, e massa de 1,7 ± 0,18 g (n = 8). Nós encontramos dois ninhegos completamente nús, em seu primeiro dia de nascidos.

We describe the nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Restinga Antwren (Formicivora littoralis), an endangered bird of Restinga ecosystem (sandy coastal plain vegetation) that is endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Twelve nests were found at the edges of trails or natural gaps at Massambaba Restinga region, in different supporting plants and heights from the ground (X ± SD 1.27 ± 0.97 m, range 0.27 to 3.45 m). Nests were cup-shaped and were in horizontal forks attached to branches at three to five points with whitish, soft, and thin cotton-like vegetable fiber. The nests' cup shape and measurements were similar to congeneric species, but nest material was different. Eggs were white with brown spots concentrated on the large end or around the middle, giving the appearance of a rough brown ring. Their mean (± SD) minimum diameter was 13.1 ± 0.34 mm, with maximum diameter of 18.0 ± 0.38 mm, and mass of 1.7 ± 0.18 g (n = 8). We found two nestlings completely naked on their first day after hatching.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013000200006 2512 downloads

15.

Sex determination in Turdus amaurochalinus (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae): morphometrical analysis supported by CHD gene
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de Andrade Silva, Katyucha Von Kossel Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele Alves, Maria Alice S.

Revista de Biología Tropical

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Jun 2011, Volume 59 Nº 2 Páginas 789 - 794

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

La determinación del sexo es importante para la conservación y los estudios poblacionales. Turdus amaurochalinus no presenta aparente dimorfismo sexual. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el sexo a través de una técnica genética, mediante el uso del marcador del gen CHD y se puso a prueba la hipótesis de que el dimorfismo sexual puede ser detectado por morfometría. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, una zona protegida situada en la costa norte de Río de Janeiro. Las aves fueron capturadas con redes de niebla, los individuos se marcaron con anillos de metal, se pesaron, medieron y se les tomó una muestra de sangre antes de ser liberados. Un total de 20 machos y 22 hembras fueron identificados en el área de estudio desde junio hasta agosto, con la frecuencia máxima de captura en junio. La prueba de t-student fue usada para evaluar si hembras y machos se diferencian considerablemente en relación a medidas morfométricas. Los rasgos más importantes para distinguir machos de hembras fueron la longitud del ala y el peso: las hembras eran más pesadas y tenían longitud de ala considerablemente más corta que los machos. Hembras y machos fueron correctamente clasificados en un 86% y 75% de casos respectivamente, donde se usó un análisis discriminante. El análisis molecular es el método más seguro para la determinación sexual en la especie estudiada.

Sex determination is important for conservation and population studies, particularly for reproduction programs of threatened species and behavioural ecology. Turdus amaurochalinus, Creamy-bellied Thrush, only exhibits sexual dimorphism during the breeding season, when males are considered to show intense yellow bills, and females and immature males show dark brown bills. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the sex of individuals using genetic techniques, and 2) to test the hypothesis that sex dimorphism can be detected by morphometry. This study was carried out at Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, a preserved area located on the North coast of Rio de Janeiro State. The birds were captured using ornithological nets, singly marked with metal rings, weighed, measured and had blood samples collected before being released. The sex of 42 T. amaurochalinus individuals was determined using the CHD gene marker. A total of 20 males and 22 females were identified from June to August, with peak capture frequency in June. Turdus amaurochalinus females and males differed significantly in morphometrical measures. The most important traits to distinguish males from females were wing length (Student t-test=4.34, df=40, p=0.0001) and weight (Student t-test=2.08,df=40, p=0.044): females were heavier and had significantly shorter wing length than males. Females and males were correctly classified in 86% and 75% of cases, respectively, using Discriminant Analysis. The molecular analysis was the most secure method for sex determination in the studied species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 789- 794. Epub 2011 June 01.

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