This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana. isolate Rondônia 1D D spectroscopy A phydroxybenzoic p hydroxybenzoic acid coumarin 3βDglucoside βDglucoside 3 β glucoside identified knowledge addition gramnegative gram negative bacteria far

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its possible correlations with clinical characteristics in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in a single center in Brazil. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 53 children with the diagnosis of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome prior to an autism spectrum disorder assessment. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of autism spectrum disorder. Available variables (sex, medications, median age at onset of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, and presence of comorbidities) were compared using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Results Among the included patients, 12 (23 %) were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.29 (95 % confidence interval 0.174-0.492). The age at the first seizure ranged from 3 to 15 months, with a mean of 6.65 months. This age significantly differed between participants with autism spectrum disorder (10.58 months) and those without (5.43 months), p<0.001. Conclusion Children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome have a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later age of onset and period of spasm occurrence might be predisposing risk factors. Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 5 assessment sex, sex (sex medications comorbidities MannWhitney Mann Whitney chisquare chi square tests 1 23 (2 029 0 29 0.2 95 (9 0.1740.492. 01740492 0.174 0.492 . 174 492 0.174-0.492) months 665 6 65 6.6 10.58 1058 10 58 (10.5 5.43 543 43 (5.4 , p0001 p 001 p<0.001 factors 2 ( 02 0. 9 1740 0.1740.492 0174049 0174 0.17 0492 0.49 17 49 0.174-0.492 66 6. 10.5 105 (10. 5.4 54 4 (5. p000 00 p<0.00 0.1740.49 017404 017 0.1 049 0.4 0.174-0.49 10. (10 5. (5 p00 p<0.0 0.1740.4 01740 01 04 0.174-0.4 (1 p0 p<0. 0.1740. 0.174-0. p<0 0.1740 0.174-0 p< 0.174-

Abstract Objective To compare the phase angle (PhA) through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) of children with intestinal failure (IF) using prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) followed by an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, with a control group. Methods Children under 10 years of age with IF using prolonged PN for >60 days (study group) were included. The control group consisted of healthy children without chronic pathologies, matched by sex and age. Anthropometric parameters evaluated were: weight, height, weight/age z-score (W/A), height/age z-score (H/A), BMI, BMI/A z-score, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference. BIA parameters were resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA). Results Twenty-eight children were included in the study group, median (IQR) age was 11 (8-27) months, 53.6 % were male. In the control group, 28 children were included, median (IQR) age was 12.5 (8-24.7) months, 50 % were male. Children from the study group had W/A z-scores and H/A z-scores significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between PhA in the study group and controls, [median (IQR) 4.3° (3.8;4.6) vs 4.0° (3.8;5.4) respectively, p = 0.980]. Prematurity was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls, but there was no significant correlation between gestational age at birth and PhA of the children from the study group. Conclusion Children with IF using prolonged PN showed lower W/A and H/A compared to the control group, but without significant difference between the PhA of children with IF compared to controls. (PhA (BIA (IF (PN Program 1 60 >6 pathologies weight height weightage zscore z score W/A, WA , W A (W/A) heightage H/A, HA H (H/A) BMI BMIA zscore, score, circumference skinfold midarm mid R, R (R) Xc, Xc (Xc) PhA. . Twentyeight Twenty eight IQR (IQR 827 8 27 (8-27 months 536 53 6 53. male 2 125 12 5 12. 824.7 8247 24.7 24 7 (8-24.7 zscores scores controls 43 4 3 4.3 3.84.6 3846 3.8 4.6 (3.8;4.6 40 0 4.0 3.85.4 3854 5.4 (3.8;5.4 respectively 0.980. 0980 0.980 980 0.980] > (W/A (H/A (R (Xc 82 (8-2 824 824. 247 24. (8-24. 4. 84 3.84. 384 38 3. 46 (3.8;4. 85 3.85. 385 54 5. (3.8;5. 098 0.98 98 (8- (8-24 3.84 (3.8;4 3.85 (3.8;5 09 0.9 9 (8 (3.8; 0. ( (3.8 (3. (3

Resumo Fundamento: A Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica (CCC) é causada por um processo inflamatório induzido pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, que leva à miocardite com fibrose reativa e reparativa. A CCC progride com alterações de perfusão miocárdica e eventos histopatológicos que afetam a Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (ACR). Objetivos: Avaliamos os efeitos do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) na perfusão miocárdica e nos comprometimentos morfológicos e funcionais relacionados à inflamação e fibrose em hamsters sírios com CCC. Como objetivo secundário, analisamos as áreas de secção transversa do músculo esquelético. Métodos: Hamsters com CCC e seus respectivos controles foram divididos em quatro grupos: CCC sedentário, CCC-TFA, controle sedentário e controle TFA. Sete meses após a infecção, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia, à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e ao teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. TFA de intensidade moderada foi realizado durante cinquenta minutos, cinco vezes por semana, por oito semanas. Posteriormente, os animais foram reavaliados. A análise histopatológica foi realizada após os procedimentos acima mencionados. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% em todas as análises (p<0,05). Resultados: Animais com CCC sedentários apresentaram piores Defeitos de Perfusão Miocárdica (DPM) ao longo do tempo, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) reduzida, e apresentaram mais inflamação e fibrose quando comparados aos demais grupos (análise ANOVA mista). Por outro lado, o TFA foi capaz de mitigar a progressão do DPM, atenuar a inflamação e a fibrose e melhorar a eficiência da ACR em animais CCC-TFA. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o TFA melhorou a disfunção cardíaca, DPM e reduziu a inflamação e a fibrose em modelos de hamster com CCC. Além disso, os animais CCC-SED apresentaram atrofia do músculo esquelético, enquanto os animais CCC-TFA apresentaram a AST do músculo esquelético preservada. Compreender os efeitos da TFA nas dimensões fisiopatológicas da CCC é crucial para futuras pesquisas e intervenções terapêuticas. Fundamento (CCC cruzi reparativa ACR. . (ACR) Objetivos (TFA secundário Métodos CCCTFA, CCCTFA TFA, infecção ecocardiografia cardiopulmonar minutos semana semanas Posteriormente reavaliados mencionados 5 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) Resultados (DPM tempo FEVE (FEVE reduzida mista. mista mista) lado CCCTFA. Conclusão cardíaca disso CCCSED SED preservada terapêuticas (ACR p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Background: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is caused by an inflammatory process induced by Trypanosoma cruzi, which leads to myocarditis with reactive and reparative fibrosis. CCC progresses with myocardial perfusion abnormalities and histopathological events that affect cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Objectives: We evaluated the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on myocardial perfusion and on morphological and functional impairments related with inflammation and fibrosis in Syrian hamsters with CCC. As a secondary objective, we analyzed the cross-sectional areas of the skeletal muscle. Methods: Hamsters with CCC and their respective controls were divided into four groups: CCC sedentary, CCC-APT, sedentary control and APT control. Seven months after infection, the animals underwent echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Moderate-intensity APT was performed for fifty minutes, five times a week, for eight weeks. Subsequently, the animals were reassessed. Histopathological analysis was conducted after the above-mentioned procedures. The level of significance was set at 5% in all analyses (p<0.05). Results: CCC sedentary animals presented worse myocardial perfusion defects (MPD) over time, reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and showed more inflammation and fibrosis when compared to other groups (mixed ANOVA analysis). Conversely, APT was able to mitigate the progression of MPD, ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis and improve CRF efficiency in CCC-APT animals. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that APT ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, MPD, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in CCC hamster models. Additionally, CCC-SED animals presented skeletal muscle atrophy while CCC-APT animals showed preserved skeletal muscle CSA. Understanding APT's effects on CCC's pathophysiological dimensions is crucial for future research and therapeutic interventions. Background (CCC cruzi CRF. . (CRF) Objectives (APT objective crosssectional cross sectional Methods CCCAPT, CCCAPT APT, infection echocardiography testing Moderateintensity Moderate intensity minutes week weeks Subsequently reassessed abovementioned above mentioned procedures 5 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results MPD (MPD time LVEF (LVEF mixed analysis. analysis) Conversely Conclusions dysfunction models Additionally CCCSED SED CSA APTs s CCCs interventions (CRF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Objetivo: O herpes genital (HG) é uma das infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) mais comuns. As infeções genitais pelo vírus herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) têm aumentado, com uma mudança no sentido da sua predominância em muitos países desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a população com HG diagnosticada no Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospetiva dos diagnósticos de HG confirmados laboratorialmente entre 2017 e 2021. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por PCR em tempo real, em amostras colhidas por zaragatoa de lesões mucocutâneas suspeitas. Foram revistos os registos clínicos dos doentes incluídos e analisados os dados de interesse. Resultados: No período de estudo, 239 doentes foram diagnosticados com HG, dos quais 76.6% (n = 183) foram causados pelo HSV tipo 2 (HSV-2). A maioria dos doentes eram do sexo masculino (68%; n = 163), com idade média de 35.7 anos. Em comparação com o grupo diagnosticado com HSV-2, a idade média foi significativamente menor no grupo HSV-1 (28.6 anos vs. 37.9; p < 0.001) e a proporção de doentes com manifestação clínica inicial de HG foi significativamente maior neste último (67.8% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). A infeção concomitante pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana foi detetada em 17.6% dos indivíduos, sendo significativamente mais prevalente entre homens e no grupo HSV-2 (p = 0.018). Conclusões: O HSV-2 foi a causa mais comum de HG durante todo o estudo. Ainda assim, à semelhança de outros estudos europeus, os doentes com HSV-1 eram mais jovens e a proporção de infeção inicial neste grupo foi significativamente maior.

Abstract Objective: Genital herpes (GH) is one of the most common sexual transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genital infections have been increasing, with a shift toward its predominance in many developed countries. The aim of this study was to characterize the population with GH diagnosed in Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of GH between 2017 and 2021 was conducted. The diagnosis was established by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in samples collected by swabbing suspicious mucocutaneous lesions. Medical records of included patients were reviewed and data of interest analyzed. Results: During the studied period, a total of 239 patients were diagnosed with GH, from which 76.6% (n = 183) were caused by HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Most patients were men (68%; n = 163), with a mean age of 35.7 years. Compared to the group diagnosed with HSV-2, the mean age was significantly lower in the HSV-1 group (28.6 years vs. 37.9; p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with first clinical manifestations of GH was significantly higher in the latest (67.8% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). Concomitant infection with human immunodeficiency virus was detected in 17.6% of the subjects, being significantly more prevalent among men and within the HSV-2 group (p = 0.018). Conclusions: HSV-2 remained the most common cause of GH throughout the study. Even so, similar to other European studies, HSV-1 patients were younger and the proportion of initial infection in this group was significantly higher.

ABSTRACT Diseases caused by fungi associated with adverse weather conditions are one of the main causes of decreases in sugarcane production. This study aimed to develop a protocol for a fast identification of Phaeocytostroma sacchari, which is the causal agent of bark rot in sugarcane. The reference sequences of three DNA regions of P. sacchari, namely internal transcribed spacer, ribosomal large subunit and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEFl-α), were analyzed with specific primers design. The specific primers generated that aligned in their entirety with P. sacchari were selected and synthesized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to confirm the primer specificity, using P. sacchari isolates and 10 species of other genera. Two sets of primers that amplify the TEF-1α region (PsFl/Psfl and PsF2/PsR2) showed a high specificity and sensitivity in detecting P. sacchari using conventional PCR, what will allow large-scale surveys of this pathogen in sugarcane crops. production P spacer 1alpha alpha 1 TEFlα, TEFlα TEFl α , (TEFl-α) design synthesized PCR (PCR genera TEF1α TEFα TEF 1α PsFl/Psfl PsFlPsfl PsFl Psfl PsF2/PsR2 PsF2PsR2 PsFPsR PsF2 PsR2 PsF PsR largescale scale crops (TEFl-α PsF2/PsR PsF2PsR

RESUMO Doenças causadas por fungos associadas a condições climáticas adversas são uma das principais causas da queda na produção de cana-de-açúcar. Objetivou-se desenvolver um protocolo para identificação rápida de Phaeocytostroma sacchari, agente causal da podridão da casca de cana-de-açúcar. Sequências de referência de três regiões de DNA de P. sacchari, sendo região espaçadora transcrita interna, grande subunidade ribossômica e fator de elongação da tradução 1-alfa (TEFl-α), foram analisadas por meio de desenhos de primers específicos. Os primers gerados que se alinharam em sua totalidade com P. sacchari foram selecionados e sintetizados. Ensaios baseados na reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) foram realizados para verificar a especificidade do primer, utilizando-se isolados de P. sacchari e 10 espécies de outros gêneros. Dois conjuntos de primers que amplificam a região TEF-la (PsFl/Psfl e PsF2/PsR2) demonstraram alta especificidade e sensibilidade na detecção de P. sacchari com PCR convencional, o que permitirá o levantamento em larga escala do patógeno na cultura de cana-de-açúcar. canadeaçúcar. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar. açúcar cana-de-açúcar Objetivouse Objetivou P interna 1alfa alfa 1 TEFlα, TEFlα TEFl α , (TEFl-α) específicos sintetizados (PCR primer utilizandose utilizando gêneros TEFla TEF la PsFl/Psfl PsFlPsfl PsFl Psfl PsF2/PsR2 PsF2PsR2 PsFPsR PsF2 PsR2 PsF PsR convencional (TEFl-α PsF2/PsR PsF2PsR

Abstract Aiming to compare and update the sand fly fauna of Portão de Pedra site, Sumidouro District, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and considering the environmental changes occurred, the biology and ecology of the local sandfly species were examined five years later as a complementary study carried. Captures were made in the cave, surroundings of cave and forest of the region, from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Among the 2323 sandflies of eigth species of the Lutzomyia were captured: L. gasparviannai, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. hirsuta, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. intermedia, Lutzomyia. sp and one species of the Brumptomyia Kind: B. brumpti. In 2009 and 2010 were collected 1756 samples from ten species of the former genus and two of the second. L. gasparviannai was predominant, in the three collection sites, in both periods. Five species implicated as vectors of Leishmania: L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. hirsuta and L. davisi have been collected in the area. Poisson regression and ANOVA were used to perform statistical analysis of species most relevant. The record of L. intermedia and a case of American tegumentary leishmaniasis are relevant to the public health of municipality and of state of Rio de Janeiro. site District State Brazil occurred carried region pm p m p.m am a.m 232 captured L edwardsi tupynambai whitmani migonei Kind B brumpti 200 201 175 second predominant sites periods Leishmania area 23 20 17 2 1

The overexpression of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) gene is well-defined as a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Although widely used in clinical research, PCA3 molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein we used phage display technology to identify putative molecules that bind to the promoter region of PCA3 gene and regulate its expression. The most frequent peptide PCA3p1 (80%) was similar to the Rho GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21) and its binding affinity was confirmed using Phage Bead ELISA. We showed that ARHGAP21 silencing in LNCaP prostate cancer cells decreased PCA3 and androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional levels and increased prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) coding gene expression, indicating effective involvement of ARHGAP21 in androgen-dependent tumor pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the interaction between PCA3 promoter region and ARHGAP21. This is the first study that described the role of ARHGAP21 in regulating the PCA3 gene under the androgenic pathway, standing out as a new mechanism of gene regulatory control during prostatic oncogenesis. PCA (PCA3 welldefined well defined PCa (PCa diagnosis research unknown expression PCAp p PCA3p 80% 80 (80% ARHGAP (ARHGAP21 ELISA ARHGAP2 AR (AR PRUNE2 PRUNE (PRUNE2 androgendependent dependent pathway oncogenesis (PCA 8 (80 (ARHGAP2 (PRUNE (8 (ARHGAP (

ABSTRACT The essential oil of Piper amalago L. is recognized for its bioactive compounds with phytotoxic potential against invasive plants. However, little is known about the role of seasonal variation in the action of these compounds. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dry and rainy seasons on the chemical composition, phytotoxic, and cytogenotoxic activity of P. amalago essential oil. Analysis of the chemical composition revealed qualitative and quantitative variations, highlighting β-elemene, germacrene A, linalool, and β-caryophyllene as major compounds. The essential oil from the rainy season showed higher yield compared to that of the dry season. In pre-emergence tests against Bidens pilosa (invasive plant) and Lactuca sativa (non-target plant), negative effects on germination and root and shoot growth were observed, with these effects being more pronounced at higher concentrations, resembling the herbicide glyphosate. The essential oil from the dry season exhibited greater phytotoxic activity on the germination and development of the aerial part of B. pilosa, associated with higher concentrations of linalool and caryophyllene oxide. Additionally, the essential oils of P. amalago induced changes in the mitotic index and aneugenic alterations in L. sativa meristematic cells. These results underscore the bioherbicidal potential of P. amalago essential oil, highlighting its greater efficacy against B. pilosa during the dry season, possibly due to higher levels of linalool and caryophyllene oxide. L plants However P variations βelemene, βelemene β elemene, elemene β-elemene A βcaryophyllene preemergence pre emergence plant nontarget non target plant, , observed glyphosate B oxide Additionally cells

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of different physical exercise programs and polymorphisms of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: A randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial consisting of the adolescent overweight from the state public network, in a simple representative random sample, who participated in an aerobic exercise or weight training intervention for 10 weeks. Anthropometry, body composition, biochemical markers, sexual maturation, and rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene were assessed. 347 adolescents had their characterization of nutritional status. 72 individuals with overweight and obesity were invited to participate. 39 remained for the start of the program and were randomly allocated to both types of intervention. In the end, 26 subjects participated in the intervention programs, with 12 and 14 in the aerobic and weight training programs, respectively. Results: Heterozygous and homozygous bearers of risk allele A participating in the aerobic program showed improvements in glycemia (p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (p = 0.023) and a reduction in body fat mass (p = 0.041). The weight training program reduced glycemia in patients with the risk allele A (p = 0.027). Cameron’s stage four sexual maturation participants were 2.1 times more likely to improve their body fat (CI = 1.31–3.39). Conclusion: Aerobic exercises produced exclusively a significant decrease in fat mass and total cholesterol in patients with risk allele A. Distinct physical exercise programs may cause diverse changes in risk variables related to the health of adolescents. Objective obesityassociated associated Methods randomized parallel doubleblind double blind network sample 1 weeks Anthropometry markers rs rs993960 assessed 34 status 7 participate 3 end 2 respectively Results p 0.002 0002 0 002 0.023 0023 023 0.041. 0041 0.041 . 041 0.041) 0.027. 0027 0.027 027 0.027) Camerons Cameron s 21 2. CI 1.31–3.39. 131339 1.31–3.39 31 1.31–3.39) Conclusion rs99396 0.00 000 00 0.02 02 004 0.04 04 13133 1.31–3.3 rs9939 0.0 1313 1.31–3. rs993 0. 131 1.31–3 rs99 13 1.31– rs9 1.31 1.3 1.

Abstract One hundred and sixty-six cats from two animal shelters were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and parasitological tests (PA) for the diagnosis of Leishmania spp. Among them, 15% (25/166), 53.6% (89/166), 3.6% (06/166) and 1.8% (03/166) were positive by ELISA, IFAT, both PCRs and PA, respectively. The sequencing of ITS-1 PCR amplicons revealed a 100% match with Leishmania infantum. After the Leishmania spp. survey, 12 cats were selected and divided into two groups for clinical, hematological, and biochemical analysis: six L. infantum positive cats (G1) and six Leishmania spp. negative cats (G2). All the cats were negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A statistical analysis indicated significantly low platelet counts and significant hyperproteinemia associated with hypoalbuminemia in positive cats (p<0.05). Our results suggest that in endemic areas, cats with clinical signs of feline leishmaniosis (such as skin lesions, weight loss and/or enlarged lymph nodes) and that exhibit hematological and biochemical changes, such as low platelet counts and hyperproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, should be tested for Leishmania spp. infection. sixtysix sixty enzymelinked enzyme linked ELISA , (ELISA) IFAT (IFAT) cPCR, cPCR (cPCR) qPCR (qPCR PA (PA spp them 15 25/166, 25166 25/166 25 166 (25/166) 536 53 6 53.6 89/166, 89166 89/166 89 (89/166) 36 3 3.6 06/166 06166 06 (06/166 18 1 8 1.8 03/166 03166 03 (03/166 respectively ITS1 ITS ITS- 100 survey L G1 G (G1 G2. G2 . (G2) FIV (FIV FeLV. FeLV (FeLV) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) areas lesions andor or nodes changes infection (ELISA (IFAT (cPCR 2516 25/16 2 16 (25/166 5 53. 8916 89/16 (89/166 3. 06/16 0616 (06/16 1. 03/16 0316 (03/16 10 (G (G2 (FeLV p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 251 25/1 (25/16 891 89/1 (89/16 06/1 061 (06/1 03/1 031 (03/1 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 25/ (25/1 89/ (89/1 06/ (06/ 03/ (03/ p<0 (p<0. (25/ (89/ (06 (03 p< (p<0 (25 (89 (0 (p< (2 (8 ( (p

Resumo Cento e sessenta e seis gatos de dois abrigos foram submetidos ao diagnóstico de Leishmania spp. por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), reação em cadeia pela polimerase convencional (cPCR) e quantitativa (qPCR) e métodos parasitológicos (PA). Destes, 15% (25/166), 53,6% (89/166), 3,6% (06/166) e 1,8% (03/166) foram positivos por ELISA, RIFI, as duas PCRs e PA, respectivamente. O sequenciamento dos produtos amplificados da PCR ITS-1 foi 100% idêntico à Leishmania infantum. Após o inquérito, 12 gatos foram selecionados para compor dois grupos para análises de hematologia e bioquímica: 6 gatos positivos para L. infantum (G1) e 6 gatos Leishmania spp. negativos (G2). Todos os gatos foram negativos para o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foi observada uma diminuição na contagem de plaquetas e uma hiperproteinemia e hipoalbuminemia significativas em gatos positivos (p<0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que, em áreas endêmicas, os gatos com sinais clínicos de leishmaniose felina (tais como lesões dermatológicas, perda de peso e/ou linfonodos aumentados), associados a alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas, como contagem reduzida de plaquetas e hiperproteinemia com hipoalbuminemia, devem ser testados para leishmaniose felina. spp ELISA , (ELISA) RIFI (RIFI) cPCR (cPCR qPCR (qPCR PA. PA . (PA) Destes 15 25/166, 25166 25/166 25 166 (25/166) 536 53 53,6 89/166, 89166 89/166 89 (89/166) 36 3 3,6 06/166 06166 06 (06/166 18 1 8 1,8 03/166 03166 03 (03/166 respectivamente ITS1 ITS ITS- 100 inquérito bioquímica L G1 G (G1 G2. G2 (G2) FIV (FIV FeLV. FeLV (FeLV) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) que endêmicas tais dermatológicas eou ou aumentados, aumentados aumentados) bioquímicas (ELISA (RIFI (PA 2516 25/16 2 16 (25/166 5 53, 8916 89/16 (89/166 3, 06/16 0616 (06/16 1, 03/16 0316 (03/16 10 (G (G2 (FeLV p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 251 25/1 (25/16 891 89/1 (89/16 06/1 061 (06/1 03/1 031 (03/1 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 25/ (25/1 89/ (89/1 06/ (06/ 03/ (03/ p<0 (p<0, (25/ (89/ (06 (03 p< (p<0 (25 (89 (0 (p< (2 (8 ( (p

Abstract A high frequency of feline leishmaniasis has been reported in several countries. However, much information about disease progression in cats still needs to be clarified. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of clinicopathological changes in cats infected with Leishmania infantum. A total of 60 cats were divided into three groups of 20 animals each: control, suspects, and infected. All 60 cats underwent blood count and biochemical analyses. Serum samples from 20 animals with leishmaniasis were also used to diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. A total of five of the infected animals underwent necropsy for a histopathological study. The main clinical findings in cats with leishmaniasis were lymphadenomegaly (65%), alopecia (55%), ulcerative skin lesions and weight loss (40%), skin nodules (25%), a significant reduction in red blood cells (p=0.0005) and hematocrit (p=0.0007), hyperplasia in spleen 4/5(80%), presence of Leishmania in the spleen 2/5(40%), hepatitis 3/5(60%), liver degeneration 4/5(80%) and inflammatory nephropathy 3/5(60%). It was concluded that cats with leishmaniasis presented significant clinical, hematological, and histopathological alterations compatible with L. infantum infection. The observation of lymphadenomegaly, weight loss, skin lesions and low concentration of red blood cells, contributes significantly to the diagnosis and analysis of progression of feline leishmaniasis. countries However clarified 6 2 each control suspects analyses 65%, 65 65% , (65%) 55%, 55 55% (55%) 40%, 40 40% (40%) 25%, 25 25% (25%) p=0.0005 p00005 p 0 0005 (p=0.0005 p=0.0007, p00007 p=0.0007 0007 (p=0.0007) 4/580%, 4580 4/5 80% 4 5 80 2/540%, 2540 2/5 2/5(40%) 3/560%, 3560 3/5 60% 3 3/5(60%) 4/580% 4/5(80% 3/560%. . hematological L infection (65% (55% (40% (25% p=0.000 p0000 000 (p=0.000 (p=0.0007 580 458 45 4/ 8 540 2/540% 254 2/ 2/5(40% 560 3/560% 356 35 3/ 3/5(60% 4/580 4/5(80 (65 (55 (40 (25 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 58 54 2/540 2/5(40 56 3/560 3/5(60 4/58 4/5(8 (6 (5 (4 (2 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 2/54 2/5(4 3/56 3/5(6 4/5( ( p=0. p0 (p=0. 2/5( 3/5( p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Resumo Uma alta frequência de leishmaniose felina tem sido relatada em vários países. No entanto, muitas informações sobre a progressão da doença em gatos ainda precisam ser esclarecidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de alterações clinicopatológicas em gatos infectados por Leishmania infantum. Um total de 60 gatos foi dividido em três grupos de 20 animais cada: controle, suspeitos e infectados. Todos os 60 gatos foram submetidos à hemograma e testes bioquímicos. Amostras de soro de 20 animais com leishmaniose também foram utilizadas para diagnosticar o vírus da imunodeficiência felina e o vírus da leucemia felina. Um total de cinco dos animais infectados foram necropsiados para estudo histopatológico. Os principais achados clínicos nos gatos com leishmaniose foram linfadenomegalia (65%), alopecia (55%), lesões ulcerativas na pele e emagrecimento (40%), nódulos cutâneos (25%), redução significativa de hemácias (p=0,0005) e hematócrito (p=0,0007), hiperplasia no baço 4/5(80%), presença de Leishmania no baço 2/5(40%), hepatite 3/5(60%), degeneração hepática 4/5(80%) e nefropatia inflamatória 3/5(60%). Concluiu-se que gatos com leishmaniose apresentaram alterações clínicas, hematológicas e histopatológicas significativas compatíveis com infecção por L. infantum. A observação de linfadenomegalia, emagrecimento, lesões cutâneas e baixa concentração de hemácias, contribui significativamente para o diagnóstico e análise da progressão da leishmaniose felina. países entanto esclarecidas infantum 6 2 cada controle bioquímicos histopatológico 65%, 65 65% , (65%) 55%, 55 55% (55%) 40%, 40 40% (40%) 25%, 25 25% (25%) p=0,0005 p00005 p 0 0005 (p=0,0005 p=0,0007, p00007 p=0,0007 0007 (p=0,0007) 4/580%, 4580 4/5 80% 4 5 80 2/540%, 2540 2/5 2/5(40%) 3/560%, 3560 3/5 60% 3 3/5(60%) 4/580% 4/5(80% 3/560%. . Concluiuse Concluiu se clínicas L (65% (55% (40% (25% p=0,000 p0000 000 (p=0,000 (p=0,0007 580 458 45 4/ 8 540 2/540% 254 2/ 2/5(40% 560 3/560% 356 35 3/ 3/5(60% 4/580 4/5(80 (65 (55 (40 (25 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 58 54 2/540 2/5(40 56 3/560 3/5(60 4/58 4/5(8 (6 (5 (4 (2 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 2/54 2/5(4 3/56 3/5(6 4/5( ( p=0, p0 (p=0, 2/5( 3/5( p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing numerous nosocomial infections. The present research aimed to analyze the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa potential of 2-Chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide (A8). The antibacterial potential of A8 was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Association using the checkerboard method. MIC and MBC values were 512 µg/mL for all P. aeruginosa strains evaluated, demonstrating predominantly bactericidal activity. Furthermore, when A8 was associated with the drug ceftriaxone, pharmacological additivity and indifference were evidenced. In this sense, the synthetic amide was interesting, since it demonstrates the potential to become a possible candidate for an antimicrobial drug. nonlactose non lactose Gramnegative Gram negative infections antiPseudomonas anti 2ChloroN4fluoro3nitrophenylacetamide ChloroNfluoronitrophenylacetamide 2 Chloro N 4 fluoro 3 nitrophenyl acetamide A8. A . (A8) MIC, , (MIC) (MBC method 51 µgmL µg mL P activity Furthermore ceftriaxone evidenced sense interesting ChloroN nitrophenylacetamide (A8 (MIC 5 (A

Resumo Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa não fermentadora de lactose, responsável por causar inúmeras infecções nosocomiais. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o potencial anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa da molécula 2-Cloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrofenil)acetamida (A8). O potencial antibacteriano do A8 foi avaliado a partir da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e Associação pelo método de checkboard. Os valores de CIM e CBM foram de 512 µg/mL para todas as cepas de P. aeruginosa avaliadas, demonstrando atividade predominantemente bactericida. Além disso, quando o A8 foi associado ao fármaco ceftriaxona, evidenciou-se aditividade e indiferença farmacológica. Nesse sentido, a amida sintética se mostrou interessante, pois demonstra potencial para se tornar um possível candidato a fármaco antimicrobiano. Gramnegativa Gram negativa lactose nosocomiais antiPseudomonas anti 2CloroN4fluoro3nitrofenilacetamida CloroNfluoronitrofenilacetamida 2 Cloro N 4 fluoro 3 nitrofenil acetamida A8. . (A8) CIM, , (CIM) (CBM checkboard 51 µgmL µg mL P avaliadas bactericida disso ceftriaxona evidenciouse evidenciou farmacológica sentido interessante antimicrobiano CloroN nitrofenilacetamida (A8 (CIM 5 (A

Abstract Background Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. Methods Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann–Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer’s V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. Results We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011–2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4–12) and 11 (5–17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. Conclusion The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA. (RA therefore minimized Brazil ACREULAR ACR EULAR 2010 (2010 assessed opportunity 6 1 MannKendall Mann Kendall test chisquared chi squared Cramers Cramer s conducted 111 894 89 4 89.4 female 568 56 56.8 white SD (SD 571 57 57. 11.5 115 5 (11.5 tau 0677 0 677 0.677 0.001 0001 001 0695 695 0.695 199 2015 period , 3- 6- 12month month 0120 120 0.120 0200 200 0.20 0261 261 0.261 respectively. respectively . respectively) improvements 2011–2015 20112015 2011 (2011–2015 median IQR (IQR) 4–12 412 (4–12 5–17 517 17 (5–17 respectively, respectively] 172 2 17.2 shortest 3month window ≥ ( ≤ months. 201 (201 89. 56. 11. (11. 067 67 0.67 0.00 000 00 069 69 0.69 19 012 0.12 020 20 0.2 026 26 0.26 2011–201 2011201 (2011–201 (IQR 4–1 41 (4–1 5–1 51 (5–1 17. (20 (11 06 0.6 0.0 01 0.1 02 0. 2011–20 201120 (2011–20 4– (4– 5– (5– (2 (1 2011–2 20112 (2011–2 (4 (5 2011– (2011– (2011

Resumo Fundamento: A (-)-carvona é um monoterpeno encontrado em óleos essenciais com atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamátoria. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a propriedade antiarrítmica da (-)-carvona no coração de rato e seus efeitos sobre a sinalização de Ca+2 intracelular. Métodos: Os efeitos da (-)-carvona foram avaliados sobre a contratilidade atrial (0,01 – 4 mM) e ventricular (0,5 mM), e no eletrocardiograma (0,5mM). A fração de encurtamento, a corrente de cálcio do tipo L (ICa,L) e a sinalização de Ca+2 foram medidas no cardiomiócito isolado (0,5 mM). O efeito antiarrítmico foi avaliado no modelo de arritmia induzida por sobrecarga de cálcio (0,5 mM) (n = 5). Um p < 0,05 foi adotado como nível de significância estatística. Resultados: No átrio, a (-)-carvona causou inotropismo negativo de maneira concentração-dependente (EC50 0,44 ± 0,11 mM) e diminuiu o inotropismo positivo induzido pelo CaCl2 (0,1 – 8,0 mM) e BAY K8644 (5 - 500 nM), um agonista de canal de cálcio do tipo L. Em coração isolado, a (-)-carvona (0,5mM) reduziu a contratilidade ventricular em 73% e a frequência cardíaca (em 46%), aumentou o Pri (30,7%, tempo desde o início da onda P até a onda R) e o QTc (9,2%, uma medida de despolarização e repolarização dos ventrículos), sem mudar a duração do complexo QRS. A (-)-carvona diminuiu a fração de encurtamento (61%), a (ICa,L) (79%) e o transiente intracelular de Ca+2 (38%). Além disso, a (-)-carvona apresentou ação antiarrítmica, identificada pela redução do escore de arritmia (85%) e ocorrência de fibrilação ventricular. Conclusão: A (-)-carvona reduz a entrada de Ca+2 através de canais de Ca+2 do tipo L e, assim, diminui a contratilidade cardíaca e o Ca+2 intracelular e apresenta promissora atividade antiarrítmica no coração de ratos.

Abstract Background: (-)-Carvone is a monoterpene found in essential oils with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: The aim of this paper was to analyze the antiarrhythmic property of (-)-carvone in the rat heart and its effects on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Methods: The effects of (-)-carvone were evaluated on the ventricular (0.5 mM) and atrial contractility (0.01 – 4 mM) and on electrocardiogram (0.5 mM). Fractional shortening, L-type calcium current (ICa,L) and Ca2+ signaling were measured in the isolated cardiomyocyte (0.5 mM). Antiarrhythmic effect was evaluated in arrhythmia model induced by calcium overload (0.5 mM) (n = 5). P < 0.05 was used as the significance level. Results: In the atrium, (-)-carvone evoked negative inotropism that was concentration-dependent (EC50 0.44 ± 0.11 mM) and decreased the positive inotropism evoked by CaCl2 (0.1 to 8.0 mM) or BAY K8644 (5 to 500 nM), an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channel. In isolated heart, (-)-carvone (0.5 mM) promoted reduction of ventricular contractility (73%) and heart rate (46%), increased PRi (30.7%, time from the onset of the P wave until the R wave) and QTc (9.2%, a measure of the depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles) without changing the QRS complex duration. (-)-Carvone decreased the fractional shortening (61%), ICa,L (79%) and Ca2+ intracellular transient (38%). Furthermore, (-)-carvone showed antiarrhythmic action, verified by decrease of the arrhythmia score (85%) and occurrence of ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion: (-)-Carvone decreases Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels, reducing the cardiac contractility and intracellular Ca2+, and, therefore, presenting promising antiarrhythmic activity in the rat hearts.