This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana. isolate Rondônia 1D D spectroscopy A phydroxybenzoic p hydroxybenzoic acid coumarin 3βDglucoside βDglucoside 3 β glucoside identified knowledge addition gramnegative gram negative bacteria far

RESUMO A cultura do sorgo é considerada uma das mais importantes do mundo devido a sua versatilidade de utilização. No entanto, o estresse hídrico pode ser considerado uma ameaça significativa para sua produtividade. A busca por produtos mitigadores do estresse hídrico é uma área de pesquisa crucial na agricultura e na gestão de recursos hídricos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso do ácido salicílico como atenuante de estresse hídrico na cultura do sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente telado, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados quatro níveis hídricos (40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e duas concentrações de ácido salicílico (0 e 2,76 g L-1). Foram analisados a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e fluorescência da clorofila a. A aplicação de lâminas de irrigação deficitárias reduziu a altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas e clorofila total no sorgo. No entanto, quando essas lâminas foram associadas ao ácido salicílico, foi observado que houve atenuação dos danos, especialmente em relação a clorofila a e b. Além disso, o ácido salicílico quando aplicado isoladamente, contribuiu para redução da temperatura da folha e aumento da eficiência de uso da água. Assim, o ácido salicílico pode ser usado para mitigar os efeitos do estresse salino em plantas de sorgo. utilização entanto produtividade Assim telado 2 repetições 40, 40 (40 60 8 100 evapotranspiração 0 ( 276 76 2,7 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) caule gasosas planta colmo danos b disso isoladamente água (4 6 10 27 7 L-1 L-

ABSTRACT The sorghum crop is considered one of the most important worldwide due to its versatility. However, water stress can be considered a significant threat to its yield. The search for products that mitigate water stress is a crucial area of research in agriculture and water resources management. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using salicylic acid as a water stress attenuator in sorghum. The experiment was conducted in a screened environment in a randomized block design with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Four levels of water (40, 60, 80, and 100% of evapotranspiration) and two concentrations of salicylic acid (0 and 2.76 g L-1) were evaluated. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed. Application of deficit irrigation depths reduced plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and total chlorophyll in sorghum. However, when these depths were associated with salicylic acid, it was observed that the damage was attenuated, especially in chlorophyll a and b. Furthermore, salicylic acid reduced leaf temperature and increased water use efficiency when applied alone. Thus, salicylic acid can be used to mitigate the effects of salt stress on sorghum plants. versatility However yield management Thus scheme replicates 40, 40 (40 60 80 100 evapotranspiration 0 ( 276 76 2.7 L1 L 1 L-1 evaluated height diameter leaves exchange pigments analyzed attenuated b Furthermore alone plants (4 6 8 10 27 7 2. L-

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as fases de plastocrono em cultivares de soja com hábito de crescimento determinado e indeterminado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no período de 2010/2011 a 2022/2023 em quatro locais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com 25 cultivares de soja com hábito de crescimento determinado (6) e indeterminado (19). Este estudo buscou dividir o plastocrono em fases durante o período de emissão de nós da soja. Em cultivares irrigadas de hábito de crescimento determinado, o plastocrono apresenta duas fases, a fase inicial de 59,7 °C dia nó-1 e a fase final de 65,7 °C dia nó-1. Em ambientes não irrigados, não há diferença entre as fases inicial e final do plastocrono. As cultivares de hábito de crescimento indeterminado com irrigação apresentam um plastocrono médio inicial e final de 64,1 °C dia nó-1, ao contrário da fase intermediária onde o plastocrono é de 58,5 °C dia nó-1. Em ambientes de sequeiro, as fases inicial e intermédia têm um valor médio de 60,6 °C dia nó-1, ao contrário da fase final com um plastocrono de 79,4 °C dia nó-1. A divisão do plastocrono em fases durante o período de emissão de nós na cultura da soja, proposta neste estudo, permite-nos melhorar o entendimento do desenvolvimento vegetativo de cultivares de soja de hábito de crescimento determinado e indeterminado e estabelecer bases ecofisiológicas para a construção de uma função cronológica. 20102011 2010 2011 2010/201 20222023 2022 2023 2022/202 Sul Brasil 2 6 (6 19. 19 . (19) 597 59 7 59, C nó1 nó 1 nó- 657 65 65, nó1. 1. irrigados 641 64 64, nó1, 1, 585 58 5 58, sequeiro 606 60 60, 794 79 4 79, permitenos permite nos cronológica 2010201 201 2010/20 2022202 202 2022/20 ( (19 201020 20 2010/2 202220 2022/2 (1 20102 2010/ 20222 2022/

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify plastochron phases in soybean cultivars with determinate and indeterminate growth habits. Experiments were conducted from 2010/2011 to 2022/2023 at four locations in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil, using 25 soybean cultivars with determinate (6) and indeterminate (19) growth habits. This study divided the plastochron into phases during the soybean node emission stage. In irrigated cultivars with a determinate growth habit, the plastochron has an early and late phase of 59.7 and 65.7 °C day node-1, respectively. In rainfed (non-irrigated) environments, there is no difference between the early and late plastochron phases. The early and late plastochrons of irrigated cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit are 64.1 °C day node-1, while the intermediate phase is 58.5 °C day node-1. In rainfed environments, the average value of the early and intermediate phases is 60.6 °C day node-1, with a late plastochron of 79.4 °C day node-1. Dividing the plastochron into phases during node emission, as proposed in this study, improves understanding of vegetative development in soybean cultivars with determinate and indeterminate growth habits and establishes ecophysiological foundations for chronological function construction. 20102011 2010 2011 2010/201 20222023 2022 2023 2022/202 RS, RS , (RS) Brazil 2 6 (6 19 (19 stage 597 59 7 59. 657 65 65. C node1, node1 1, 1 node-1 respectively nonirrigated non (non-irrigated environments 641 64 64. 585 58 5 58. node1. 1. 606 60 60. 794 79 4 79. construction 2010201 201 2010/20 2022202 202 2022/20 (RS ( (1 node- 201020 20 2010/2 202220 2022/2 20102 2010/ 20222 2022/

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a high-fat finishing diet on the in vivo performance, anatomical and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of adult culled goats. Over a period of 28 days leading up to slaughter, eighteen adult culled goats were subjected to a finishing diet provided in quantities sufficient to meet 3.0 times the nutritional requirements of adult non-dairy maintenance goats. The female goats were divided into two groups: one fed with the baseline diet without fat supplementation (n = 9) and the other fed a diet concentrated supplemented with whole full-fat linseed (n = 9). The diets varied in fat content (2.8% vs. 8.4% DM). The high-fat group exhibited a higher dry matter intake compared to the control group (+37%), along with elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The control group experienced a significant decrease in daily weight gain between the second and final week of the finishing period (-70%), in contrast to the increase observed in the high-fat group (+59%). At slaughter, no differences were noted between the groups in anatomical and carcass characteristics. Additionally, no differences were found between the diets regarding proximate composition, pH, yellow color component, and lightness of loin. The high-fat group exhibited a higher redness of loin. The inclusion of high-fat levels in finishing diets for culled adult goats allows for increased feed intake and performance but does not appear to affect carcass or meat quality.

Abstract Objective To compare the phase angle (PhA) through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) of children with intestinal failure (IF) using prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) followed by an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, with a control group. Methods Children under 10 years of age with IF using prolonged PN for >60 days (study group) were included. The control group consisted of healthy children without chronic pathologies, matched by sex and age. Anthropometric parameters evaluated were: weight, height, weight/age z-score (W/A), height/age z-score (H/A), BMI, BMI/A z-score, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference. BIA parameters were resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA). Results Twenty-eight children were included in the study group, median (IQR) age was 11 (8-27) months, 53.6 % were male. In the control group, 28 children were included, median (IQR) age was 12.5 (8-24.7) months, 50 % were male. Children from the study group had W/A z-scores and H/A z-scores significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between PhA in the study group and controls, [median (IQR) 4.3° (3.8;4.6) vs 4.0° (3.8;5.4) respectively, p = 0.980]. Prematurity was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls, but there was no significant correlation between gestational age at birth and PhA of the children from the study group. Conclusion Children with IF using prolonged PN showed lower W/A and H/A compared to the control group, but without significant difference between the PhA of children with IF compared to controls. (PhA (BIA (IF (PN Program 1 60 >6 pathologies weight height weightage zscore z score W/A, WA , W A (W/A) heightage H/A, HA H (H/A) BMI BMIA zscore, score, circumference skinfold midarm mid R, R (R) Xc, Xc (Xc) PhA. . Twentyeight Twenty eight IQR (IQR 827 8 27 (8-27 months 536 53 6 53. male 2 125 12 5 12. 824.7 8247 24.7 24 7 (8-24.7 zscores scores controls 43 4 3 4.3 3.84.6 3846 3.8 4.6 (3.8;4.6 40 0 4.0 3.85.4 3854 5.4 (3.8;5.4 respectively 0.980. 0980 0.980 980 0.980] > (W/A (H/A (R (Xc 82 (8-2 824 824. 247 24. (8-24. 4. 84 3.84. 384 38 3. 46 (3.8;4. 85 3.85. 385 54 5. (3.8;5. 098 0.98 98 (8- (8-24 3.84 (3.8;4 3.85 (3.8;5 09 0.9 9 (8 (3.8; 0. ( (3.8 (3. (3

Resumo Fundamento: A Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica (CCC) é causada por um processo inflamatório induzido pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, que leva à miocardite com fibrose reativa e reparativa. A CCC progride com alterações de perfusão miocárdica e eventos histopatológicos que afetam a Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (ACR). Objetivos: Avaliamos os efeitos do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) na perfusão miocárdica e nos comprometimentos morfológicos e funcionais relacionados à inflamação e fibrose em hamsters sírios com CCC. Como objetivo secundário, analisamos as áreas de secção transversa do músculo esquelético. Métodos: Hamsters com CCC e seus respectivos controles foram divididos em quatro grupos: CCC sedentário, CCC-TFA, controle sedentário e controle TFA. Sete meses após a infecção, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia, à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e ao teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. TFA de intensidade moderada foi realizado durante cinquenta minutos, cinco vezes por semana, por oito semanas. Posteriormente, os animais foram reavaliados. A análise histopatológica foi realizada após os procedimentos acima mencionados. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% em todas as análises (p<0,05). Resultados: Animais com CCC sedentários apresentaram piores Defeitos de Perfusão Miocárdica (DPM) ao longo do tempo, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) reduzida, e apresentaram mais inflamação e fibrose quando comparados aos demais grupos (análise ANOVA mista). Por outro lado, o TFA foi capaz de mitigar a progressão do DPM, atenuar a inflamação e a fibrose e melhorar a eficiência da ACR em animais CCC-TFA. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o TFA melhorou a disfunção cardíaca, DPM e reduziu a inflamação e a fibrose em modelos de hamster com CCC. Além disso, os animais CCC-SED apresentaram atrofia do músculo esquelético, enquanto os animais CCC-TFA apresentaram a AST do músculo esquelético preservada. Compreender os efeitos da TFA nas dimensões fisiopatológicas da CCC é crucial para futuras pesquisas e intervenções terapêuticas. Fundamento (CCC cruzi reparativa ACR. . (ACR) Objetivos (TFA secundário Métodos CCCTFA, CCCTFA TFA, infecção ecocardiografia cardiopulmonar minutos semana semanas Posteriormente reavaliados mencionados 5 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) Resultados (DPM tempo FEVE (FEVE reduzida mista. mista mista) lado CCCTFA. Conclusão cardíaca disso CCCSED SED preservada terapêuticas (ACR p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Background: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is caused by an inflammatory process induced by Trypanosoma cruzi, which leads to myocarditis with reactive and reparative fibrosis. CCC progresses with myocardial perfusion abnormalities and histopathological events that affect cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Objectives: We evaluated the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on myocardial perfusion and on morphological and functional impairments related with inflammation and fibrosis in Syrian hamsters with CCC. As a secondary objective, we analyzed the cross-sectional areas of the skeletal muscle. Methods: Hamsters with CCC and their respective controls were divided into four groups: CCC sedentary, CCC-APT, sedentary control and APT control. Seven months after infection, the animals underwent echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Moderate-intensity APT was performed for fifty minutes, five times a week, for eight weeks. Subsequently, the animals were reassessed. Histopathological analysis was conducted after the above-mentioned procedures. The level of significance was set at 5% in all analyses (p<0.05). Results: CCC sedentary animals presented worse myocardial perfusion defects (MPD) over time, reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and showed more inflammation and fibrosis when compared to other groups (mixed ANOVA analysis). Conversely, APT was able to mitigate the progression of MPD, ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis and improve CRF efficiency in CCC-APT animals. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that APT ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, MPD, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in CCC hamster models. Additionally, CCC-SED animals presented skeletal muscle atrophy while CCC-APT animals showed preserved skeletal muscle CSA. Understanding APT's effects on CCC's pathophysiological dimensions is crucial for future research and therapeutic interventions. Background (CCC cruzi CRF. . (CRF) Objectives (APT objective crosssectional cross sectional Methods CCCAPT, CCCAPT APT, infection echocardiography testing Moderateintensity Moderate intensity minutes week weeks Subsequently reassessed abovementioned above mentioned procedures 5 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results MPD (MPD time LVEF (LVEF mixed analysis. analysis) Conversely Conclusions dysfunction models Additionally CCCSED SED CSA APTs s CCCs interventions (CRF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Objetivo: O herpes genital (HG) é uma das infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) mais comuns. As infeções genitais pelo vírus herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) têm aumentado, com uma mudança no sentido da sua predominância em muitos países desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a população com HG diagnosticada no Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospetiva dos diagnósticos de HG confirmados laboratorialmente entre 2017 e 2021. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por PCR em tempo real, em amostras colhidas por zaragatoa de lesões mucocutâneas suspeitas. Foram revistos os registos clínicos dos doentes incluídos e analisados os dados de interesse. Resultados: No período de estudo, 239 doentes foram diagnosticados com HG, dos quais 76.6% (n = 183) foram causados pelo HSV tipo 2 (HSV-2). A maioria dos doentes eram do sexo masculino (68%; n = 163), com idade média de 35.7 anos. Em comparação com o grupo diagnosticado com HSV-2, a idade média foi significativamente menor no grupo HSV-1 (28.6 anos vs. 37.9; p < 0.001) e a proporção de doentes com manifestação clínica inicial de HG foi significativamente maior neste último (67.8% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). A infeção concomitante pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana foi detetada em 17.6% dos indivíduos, sendo significativamente mais prevalente entre homens e no grupo HSV-2 (p = 0.018). Conclusões: O HSV-2 foi a causa mais comum de HG durante todo o estudo. Ainda assim, à semelhança de outros estudos europeus, os doentes com HSV-1 eram mais jovens e a proporção de infeção inicial neste grupo foi significativamente maior.

Abstract Objective: Genital herpes (GH) is one of the most common sexual transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genital infections have been increasing, with a shift toward its predominance in many developed countries. The aim of this study was to characterize the population with GH diagnosed in Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of GH between 2017 and 2021 was conducted. The diagnosis was established by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in samples collected by swabbing suspicious mucocutaneous lesions. Medical records of included patients were reviewed and data of interest analyzed. Results: During the studied period, a total of 239 patients were diagnosed with GH, from which 76.6% (n = 183) were caused by HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Most patients were men (68%; n = 163), with a mean age of 35.7 years. Compared to the group diagnosed with HSV-2, the mean age was significantly lower in the HSV-1 group (28.6 years vs. 37.9; p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with first clinical manifestations of GH was significantly higher in the latest (67.8% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). Concomitant infection with human immunodeficiency virus was detected in 17.6% of the subjects, being significantly more prevalent among men and within the HSV-2 group (p = 0.018). Conclusions: HSV-2 remained the most common cause of GH throughout the study. Even so, similar to other European studies, HSV-1 patients were younger and the proportion of initial infection in this group was significantly higher.

Reuse made by the separation of whey can reduce the waste of human milk. However, the authors are not aware of the literature on treatments in human whey, made available by pasteurization holder, freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. In this context, the present study applied treatments to human whey and evaluated their lipid and immunological quality. Among the results, a different formation in the triacylglycerol profile was evidenced after the application of spray drying and high hydrostatic pressure, while pasteurization and freeze-drying presented ion intensity close to the control human whey. In addition, pasteurization proved to be adequate for lipid nutritional quality and transformation factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentration, while an increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels was promoted, between 73 and 80%, after freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. Through the principal component analysis, it is noteworthy that the processes presented divergences in terms of the effects caused, with similarity only between pasteurization and freeze-drying in the composition of fatty acids. However, it was observed that all processes were able to maintain the nutrients. Nevertheless, it is relevant to consider individual characteristics presented and the interest in the desired quality, which can be promising as a complementary product to infant feeding. milk However holder freezedrying, freezedrying freeze pressure context results addition factorβ1 factorβ factor β1 β factor-β TGFβ1 TGFβ TGF (TGF-β1 concentration interleukin10 interleukin 10 interleukin-1 IL10 IL (IL-10 promoted 7 80 80% analysis caused acids nutrients Nevertheless feeding (TGF-β interleukin1 1 interleukin- IL1 (IL-1 8 (IL- (IL

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

Resumo A assimetria flutuante, definida como diferenças aleatórias entre os dois lados de uma estrutura simétrica, tem sido frequentemente relacionada ao estresse de desenvolvimento em plantas e animais. Nas plantas, a assimetria flutuante foliar tem sido relacionada a estresses como poluição e fogo e também pode estar relacionada ao crescimento foliar e taxas de herbivoria. Nós avaliamos se a assimetria flutuante foliar está relacionada ao tamanho da planta e da folha em Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana (Melastomataceae), um arbusto neotropical multicaule comum, em uma área de Cerrado. Coletamos 15 folhas de cada um dos 70 indivíduos e medimos a assimetria flutuante como a diferença de área entre os lados direito e esquerdo das folhas usando a nervura central como referência. Para evitar resultados espúrios devido ao erro de medição, a separação ao longo da nervura centra foi feita independentemente por três pesquisadoras/es. Também medimos a área basal e a altura de cada caule de cada planta. Usamos modelos lineares para avaliar as relações entre assimetria flutuante foliar, tamanho da planta e tamanho da folha. Não foram observadas relações consistentes entre a assimetria flutuante da folha e o tamanho da planta, pois as análises realizadas nos valores da assimetria flutuante obtidos pelas/os diferentes pesquisadoras/es mostraram resultados diferentes. No entanto, os valores de assimetria flutuante relativa, obtidos pela divisão da assimetria flutuante pela área foliar total, tenderam a ser menores nas folhas maiores. Assim, verifica-se que, na espécie estudada, a assimetria flutuante está relacionada às condições de desenvolvimento enfrentadas pelas folhas individuais e não pela planta como um todo.

Abstract Fluctuating asymmetry, defined as random differences between the two sides of a symmetrical structure, has been often related to development stress in both plants and animals. In plants, leaf fluctuating asymmetry has been related to stresses such as pollution and fire and may also be related to leaf growth and herbivory rates. We assessed whether leaf fluctuating asymmetry is related to plant and leaf size in Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana (Melastomataceae), a common multi-stem Neotropical shrub, in a Brazilian savanna area. We collected 15 leaves from each of 70 individuals, and measured fluctuating asymmetry as the difference in area between the right and left sides of the leaves using the central vein as reference. To avoid spurious results due to measurement error, the division along the central vein was performed independently by three researchers. We also measured the basal area and height of each stem of the plant individuals. We used linear models to assess the relations between leaf fluctuating asymmetry, plant size and leaf size. No consistent relations were observed between leaf fluctuating asymmetry and plant size, as the analyses performed on the fluctuating asymmetry values obtained by the different researchers showed different results. However, relative fluctuating asymmetry values, obtained by dividing the fluctuating asymmetry by the total leaf area, tended to be smaller in larger leaves. It thus appears that, in the study species, fluctuating asymmetry is related to the developmental conditions faced by the individual leaves and not by the plant as a whole.

Resumo A busca por herbicidas mais amigáveis ao meio ambiente, visando o controle de pragas agrícolas, aliado a uma menor nocividade à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente tem crescido. Uma alternativa utilizada pelos pesquisadores é a aplicação de produtos do metabolismo secundário de plantas, que são investigados em virtude do seu potencial bioativo. Assim, espécies pertencentes à família Myrtaceae são potenciais nestes estudos, uma vez que esta família é reconhecida por possuir alta atividade biológica. Uma espécie pertencente a este gênero é Psidium cattleyanum, que possui efeito medicinal e seus frutos são utilizados na alimentação humana. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e comparar a fitocitogenotoxicidade de extratos foliares aquosos e etanólicos da espécie P. cattleyanum, a partir de bioensaios vegetais, bem como identificar as principais classes de compostos presentes nos extratos. Para isso, os extratos foram preparados e caracterizados e foram realizados testes biológicos avaliando, em sementes e plântulas de alface e sorgo, as variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, crescimento radicular e crescimento aéreo; em células meristemáticas de alface foram avaliadas as variáveis: fases mitóticas, índice mitótico, alterações nucleares e alterações cromossômicas. Flavonas, flavononas, flavonóis, flavononóis, flavonóides, alcalóides, resinas, xantonas e glicosídeo de antraquinona foram caracterizados no extrato etanólico. Ambos os extratos avaliados, na maior concentração, inibiram o desenvolvimento inicial da planta. Todos os tratamentos causaram alterações nas fases mitóticas e inibiram o índice mitótico. Além disso, os tratamentos promoveram aumento de alterações nucleares e cromossômicas. O mecanismo de ação apresentado foi aneugênico, clastogênico e epigenético. O extrato etanólico foi mais citotóxico, pois teve efeito mais expressivo em menor concentração. Apesar da citotoxicidade dos extratos em estudo, eles promoveram alterações em níveis inferiores ao controle positivo glifosato.

Abstract The search for more environmental friendly herbicides, aiming at the control of agricultural pests, combinated with less harmfulness to human health and the environment has grown. An alternative used by researchers is the application of products of secondary plant metabolism, which are investigated due to their potential bioactivities. Thus, species belonging to the Myrtaceae family are potential in these studies, since this family is recognized for having high biological activity. A species belonging to this genus is Psidium cattleyanum, which has a medicinal effect and its fruits are used in human food. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the phyto-cyto-genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of the specie P. cattleyanum, from plant bioassays, as well as to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. For this, the extracts were prepared, characterized and biological tests were carried out by evaluating, in seeds and seedlings of lettuce and sorghum, the variables: percentage of germination, germination speed index, root growth and aerial growth; and in meristematic lettuce cells the variables: mitotic phases, mitotic index, nuclear alterations and chromosomal alterations. Flavones, flavonones, flavonols, flavononols, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, xanthones and anthraquinone glycoside were characterized in the ethanolic extract. Both evaluated extracts, in the highest concentration, inhibited the initial plant development. All treatments caused alterations in the mitotic phases and inhibited mitotic index. In addition, the treatments promoted an increase in nuclear and chromosomal alterations. The mechanism of action presented was aneugenic, clastogenic and determined in epigenetic alterations. The ethanolic extract was more cytotoxic, since it had a more expressive effect at a lower concentration. Despite the cytotoxicity of the extracts under study, they promoted alterations at lower levels than the glyphosate positive control.

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana são considerados uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de infecções fúngicas. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo propôs avaliar a atividade antifúngica da fração diclorometano da Annona crassiflora Mart. frente às cepas de C. albicans. Realizou-se ensaios para determinação de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), interferência sobre a cinética de crescimento microbiano, mecanismos de ação sobre a parede e a membrana celular fúngica, atividade antifúngica sobre o biofilme e os efeitos citotóxicos sobre eritrócitos humanos. Esse extrato apresentou valores da CIM e CFM que variaram de 256 µg/mL a 1,024µg/mL e no ensaio de cinética de crescimento microbiana, demonstrou atividade fungicida. O mecanismo de ação não ocorreu por danos na parece celular, tampouco por via ligação ao ergosterol da membrana. Demonstrou-se, ainda, que a fração tem ação frente ao biofilme e não é citotóxico em eritrócitos humanos. Assim, a fração diclorometano de Annona crassiflora Mart possui atividade antifúngica com capacidade de promover redução do crescimento do biofilme, não demosntrou toxicidade frente eritrócitos humanos, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos para definição do seu provável mecanismo de ação. fúngicas perspectiva C albicans Realizouse Realizou se (CIM CFM, , (CFM) microbiano fúngica humanos 25 µgmL µg mL 1024µgmL 1 024µg microbiana fungicida Demonstrouse, Demonstrouse Demonstrou se, Demonstrou-se ainda Assim entanto necessitase necessita (CFM 2

Abstract Products derived from medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity are considered a promising alternative in the treatment of fungal infections. In this perspective, this study proposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. against C. albicans strains. Tests were carried out to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), microbial growth kinetics, fungal cell wall and membrane mechanisms of action, antifungal biofilm activity, and cytotoxic effects on human erythrocytes. The extract presented MIC and MFC values that ranged from 256 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL, with fungicidal activity in the microbial growth kinetics assay. The mechanism of action did not occur through damage to the cell wall or via binding to ergosterol in the membrane, though the fraction presents activity against biofilm and is not cytotoxic in human erythrocytes. The dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. presented antifungal activity and reduced biofilm growth, without toxicity against human erythrocytes; however, further studies are needed to define its mechanism of action. infections perspective Mart C strains MIC, , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) erythrocytes 25 µgmL µg mL 1024 1 024 1,02 assay however (MIC (MFC 2 102 02 1,0 10 0 1,

The genus Fridericia belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and comprises 60 species that occur in humid to dry forests, cerrado, and caatinga vegetation. It may be found from Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil. This article reviews studies conducted on this genus, primarily focusing on its chemical composition and biological activities. Of the 60 known Fridericia species, only 14 have been the object of chemical and biological studies, accounting for 23% of the researched species. Eighty-four compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenes, xanthones, and phenylethanoids, have been isolated from these species. The biological properties described in this review include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, healing, antiproliferative, trypanocidal, and antileishmania activities. Notably, the species F. chica has been the most studied, as it is listed in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System (RENISUS). 6 forests cerrado vegetation Brazil activities 1 23 Eightyfour Eighty four compounds flavonoids terpenes xanthones phenylethanoids antimicrobial antioxidant antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective antiviral healing antiproliferative trypanocidal Notably F studied RENISUS. RENISUS . (RENISUS) 2 (RENISUS

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo As aves mantidas em cativeiro estão sujeitas a diversas enfermidades que afetam seu bem-estar, estando as parasitoses entre as mais frequentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de endoparasitas em fezes de aves alojadas em cativeiro no zoológico de Fortaleza, utilizando as técnicas de Willis Mollay e de Hoffman. Das amostras analisadas, 50,98% foram positivas para endoparasitas, incluindo os da subordem Coccidia., os gêneros Capillaria spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaridia spp., Libyostrongylus spp. (parasita específico de Avestruzes), cisto de Balantidium spp., superfamília Strongyloidea e cestódeos. Conclui-se que as aves silvestres do zoológico investigado apresentaram, além de uma diversidade de endoparasitas, uma considerável taxa de infecção. bemestar, bemestar bem estar, estar bem-estar frequentes Fortaleza Hoffman analisadas 5098 50 98 50,98 Coccidia Coccidia. spp parasita Avestruzes, Avestruzes , Avestruzes) cestódeos Concluise Conclui se apresentaram infecção 509 5 9 50,9 50,

Abstract Birds kept in captivity are subject to various diseases that affect their well-being, with parasites being among the most common. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of endoparasites in the feces of birds kept in captivity at Fortaleza Zoo, using the Willis Mollay and Hoffman techniques. Of the samples analyzed, 50.98% were positive for endoparasites, including the suborder Coccidia, the genera Capillaria spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaridia spp., Libyostrongylus spp., cysts of a specific parasite of Ostriches, Balantidium spp., the Strongyloidea superfamily and cestodes. In conclusion, the wild birds in the zoo investigated had a diversity of endoparasites and a considerable infection rate. wellbeing, wellbeing well being, well-being common Zoo techniques analyzed 5098 50 98 50.98 Coccidia spp spp. Ostriches cestodes conclusion rate 509 5 9 50.9 50.