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ABSTRACT: The effect of ultrasound on Biceps femoris muscle tenderness was investigated using a 22 Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) with triplicates at the central point. We evaluated the following independent variables: ultrasound intensity ranging from 11.30 to 33.90 W cm-2 and exposure time between 35 and 205 s. The ultrasound bath’s frequency (80 kHz) and temperature (10 ºC) were the fixed ones. To validate the model, the muscle was treated at the CCRD’s optimized condition (80 kHz, 22.60 W cm-2, 120 s, 10 ºC) evaluated, and compared with the muscle control sample (non-treated). A 22% shear force reduction was observed compared to the control sample (no ultrasound treatment) after 144 h, and stored at 5 ºC. Moreover, a sarcoplasmic calcium concentration increase was noted for ultrasound-treated muscle, probably activating the calpain enzyme system. In contrast, no significant influence (P > 0.05) was observed for pH, color index, lipid oxidation, water holding capacity, and drip loss by ultrasound treatment at the optimized conditions. Therefore, ultrasound application is promising and suitable for improving muscle tenderness without losing meat quality. This study highlighted the ultrasound effect on the tenderness of a less studied muscle (Biceps femoris) by combining short ultrasound exposure (120 s) and an 80 kHz frequency.

RESUMO: O efeito do ultrassom sob a maciez do músculo Biceps femoris foi avaliado usando um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) 22 com triplicatas no ponto central. As variáveis independentes estudadas foram a intensidade do ultrassom que variou de 11,30 a 33,90 W cm-2 e o tempo de exposição de 35 e 205 s. A frequência do banho de ultrassom (80 kHz) e a temperatura (10 ºC) foram fixas. Para validar o modelo, a carne foi tratada na condição otimizada do DCCR (80 kHz, 22,60 W cm-2, 120 s, 10 ºC), avaliada e comparada à amostra controle (não tratada). Uma redução de 22% na força de cisalhamento foi observada em comparação à amostra controle após 144 h e armazenada a 5 ºC. Além disso, um aumento da concentração de cálcio sarcoplasmático foi observado para o músculo tratado com ultrassom, o que provavelmente ativou o sistema enzimático da calpaína. Em contraste, o tratamento com ultrassom nas condições otimizadas não influenciou significativamente (P > 0,05) o pH, cor, oxidação lipídica, capacidade de retenção de água e perda de gotejamento. Portanto, a aplicação do ultrassom é promissora e adequada para melhorar a maciez do músculo sem perder a qualidade da carne. Este estudo destacou o efeito do ultrassom na maciez de um músculo pouco estudado (Biceps femoris) ao combinar exposição curta ao ultrassom (120 s) e uma frequência de 80 kHz.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220612

Advances in Breast Cancer Drug Discovery: A Review of Therapeutic Strategies and Studies Involving Photosensitizers, Caged Xanthones and Thiosemicarbazones Derivatives Discovery Photosensitizers
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Oliveira, Douglas D. S.

; Lapierre, Thibault J. W. Jacques Dit

; Silva, Fernanda C.

; Cunha, Ieda V.

; Souza, Rafael A. C.

; Matos, Patrícia A.

; Almeida, Gustavo M.

; Oliveira, Carolina G.

; Araújo, Thaise G.

; Tsubone, Tayana M.

; Rezende Jr., Celso O.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2024, Volume 35 Nº 1 elocation e-20230128

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly type among women. Despite the side effects and the phenomena of chemoresistance associated with the drugs involved, chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy to combat and control breast cancer. Therefore, several new classes of compounds against breast cancer have been explored, in an effort to identify new drug candidates with alternative mechanisms of action. The principal results of such exploration, focusing on caged xanthones, thiosemicarbazones and photosensitizers, are presented in this review, along with the main aspects of the drug discovery process against breast cancer. More specifically, the design, structure-activity relationship investigations and anti-breast cancer properties of these three classes are described and discussed in this work. worldwide women involved Therefore explored action exploration xanthones photosensitizers review specifically design structureactivity structure activity antibreast anti work

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230128

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Litterfall production, decomposition and litter nutrient contents in a mined area revegetated with different forest species
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Valente, Fernanda Daniele de Almeida

; Castro, Marllon Fialho de

; Lustosa Filho, José Ferreira

; Lopes, Aldo Teixeira

; Borges, Silvano Rodrigues

; Gomes, Lucas Carvalho

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da

; Oliveira, Teogenes Senna de

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e0220122

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Afforestation of sites disturbed after bauxite mining is the favorite technique to restore all ecosystem functions. The nature of the tree species used for revegetation of post-mining land can accelerate the recovery of soil organic matter and nutrient cycles. This study aimed to determine the litterfall production, decomposition rate and nutrient content from three types of forest cover ( Eucalyptus , Anadenanthera peregrina , mixed plantation of 16 native species) planted in a bauxite mining area in recovery. Litterfall production was evaluated monthly over 30 months, and the litter mass was assessed twice a year (dry and rainy periods). Total nutrient content was determined from samples grouped by period (dry and rainy). The annual average values for litterfall dry mass and litter mass were higher in Eucalyptus and mixed native. The period (dry or rainy) did not influence litterfall rates in A. peregrina , but Eucalyptus and mixed native presented higher amounts for litterfall during the rainy and dry periods, respectively. Litter accumulation in Eucalyptus was not affected by the season of the year, but mixed native and A. peregrina presented higher litter accumulation in the dry season. Apparent decomposition rates of A. peregrina and mixed native were higher in the rainy season, highlighting the A. peregrina with the highest values compared with the other forest covers. The mixed native presented the highest leaf content of P, K, Ca and Mg in both the litterfall and litter mass, while Eucalyptus had the lowest P, K, Ca, S and N content and the highest C content in the litterfall. Litterfall production is important in degraded areas to ensure the nutrient return to the soil. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of a mixed of 16 native trees contribute for produce the higher annual litterfall yields, besides produces leaf litterfall of better nutritional quality in relation to P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Therefore, mixed of native trees can be a promising option for reactivation of nutrient cycling and organic matter formation in mined area of bauxite in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220122

Different stocks of Prochilodus lineatus along the Cinzas River basin: contributions from a free-flowing tributary in the Capivara Reservoir region, Paranapanema River basin (upper Paraná River) freeflowing free flowing region upper
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Ferreira, Dhiego G.

; Galindo, Bruno A.

; Limeira, Daniel M.

; Garla, Alanna

; Marques, Ana J. C.

; Moreira, Amanda A.

; Rodrigues, Maria V. H.

; Clemente, Roberta C.

; Shimpo, Jhennifer Y.

; Martins, Gabriel A.

; Almeida, Fernanda S.

; Apolinário-Silva, Caroline

; Zanatta, Augusto S.

; Sofia, Silvia H.

; Souza-Shibatta, Lenice

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2023, Volume 21 Nº 4 elocation e230080

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Barragens são umas das principais ameaças para peixes potamódromos Neotropicais, causando bloqueios de rotas migratórias e perdas de áreas de reprodução em um número crescente de sistemas de drenagem. Neste cenário, dados atuais defendem que a manutenção de tributários de fluxo livre em bacias hidrográficas fragmentadas seria uma importante estratégia na conservação de peixes migradores, tanto em situações de panmixia quanto em cenários com diferentes estoques coexistindo, tal como já relatado para Prochilodus lineatus. Este estudo analisou locos microssatélites e haplótipos mitocondriais em amostras de P. lineatus obtidas em diferentes anos ao longo da bacia do rio das Cinzas, no reservatório de Capivara (maior reservatório na calha principal do rio Paranapanema, alto rio Paraná) e no rio Tibagi, todos conectados por trechos livres, visando investigar as contribuições da bacia do rio das Cinzas na dinâmica populacional de peixes migradores na região do reservatório de Capivara. Ambos os marcadores detectaram altos níveis de diversidade genética e indicaram diferentes estoques de P. lineatus ao longo da bacia do rio das Cinzas, sugerindo alguma estruturação genética temporal, bem como a mistura destes estoques na amostra do reservatório de Capivara e de outros pontos, corroborando as relações de estoques neste reservatório e seus tributários. Neotropicais drenagem cenário coexistindo P maior Paranapanema Paraná Tibagi livres temporal pontos

Abstract Dams are one of the main threats to Neotropical potamodromous fish, causing blockages of migratory routes and loss of breeding areas in an increasing number of drainage systems. In this scenario, current data argue that the maintenance of free-flowing tributaries along fragmented watersheds would be an important strategy to the migratory fish conservation, both in panmixia situations and in scenarios with different coexisting stocks, as already reported for Prochilodus lineatus. This study analyzed microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes in samples of P. lineatus obtained in different years along the Cinzas River basin, as well as in the Capivara Reservoir (largest Reservoir in the Paranapanema main channel, upper Paraná River) and in the Tibagi River, all connected by free stretches, aiming to investigate the contributions of the Cinzas River basin to the population dynamics of migratory fish in the Capivara reservoir region. Both markers detected high genetic diversity levels and indicated different genetic stocks of P. lineatus along the Cinzas River basin, suggesting some temporal genetic structuring, as well as the mixture of these stocks in the sample from the Capivara reservoir and from other points, corroborating the relationships among stocks in this reservoir and its tributaries. systems scenario freeflowing flowing conservation P largest channel stretches region structuring points

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0080

Evaluation of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in patients with HTLV-1
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Pereira Vieira Barreto, Nilo Manoel

; Brito Farias, Marina Morena

; de Lima Oliveira, Cíntia

; Almeida Costa Araujo, Weslei

; Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda

; Nascimento de Souza, Joelma

; Soares Jacobina, Beatriz

; Aquino Teixeira, Márcia Cristina

; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo

; Matos Soares, Neci

Biomédica

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Mar 2022, Volume 42 Nº 1 Páginas 31 - 40

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción. Los individuos infectados por el virus linfotrópico T humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) pueden presentar formas graves y diseminadas de infestación por Strongyloides stercoralis con poca mejoría terapéutica. Objetivo. Investigar la infestación por S. stercoralis y la seroprevalencia de IgG anti-S. stercoralis en individuos infectados por HTLV-1 atendidos en el Centro de Referencia para HTLV-1 (CHTLV), en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal con 178 individuos infectados por HTLV-1 atendidos en el centro especializado de HTLV entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. El diagnóstico parasitológico de S. stercoralis se hizo mediante los métodos de Hoffman, Pons y Janer, cultivo en placa de agar y Baermann-Morais. Para la detección de IgG anti-S. stercoralis, se utilizó una prueba casera de inmunoabsorción ligada a enzimas (ELISA). La infección por HTLV-1 se diagnosticó usando un ELISA comercial y se confirmó mediante Western blot. Resultados. La frecuencia de infestación por S. stercoralis fue del 3,4 % (6/178). Además, los individuos infestados por S. stercoralis provenientes de la zona rural (50,0 %; 3/6) también mostraron hiperinfestación por S. stercoralis (>3.000 larvas/gramo de heces). La frecuencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-S. stercoralis fue del 20,8 % (37/178). Conclusiones. Las personas infectadas por HTLV-1 que viven en condiciones sanitarias precarias son más propensas a desarrollar formas graves de infestación por S. stercoralis. Teniendo en cuenta la gran vulnerabilidad y el resultado desfavorable de la infección en estos individuos, se debe considerar el diagnóstico serológico de S. stercoralis para administrar el tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Individuals infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may present severe and disseminated forms of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with low therapeutic response. Objective: To investigate the S. stercoralis infection and the seroprevalence of IgG anti-S. stercoralis antibodies in individuals infected with HTLV-1 attending the Reference Center for HTLV-1 (CHTLV) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 178 HTLV-1-infected individuals treated at the HTLV specialized center between January, 2014, and December, 2018. The parasitological diagnosis of S. stercoralis was performed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer, agar plate culture, and Baermann-Morais methods. The IgG anti-S. stercoralis detection was performed using an in house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HTLV-1 infection was diagnosed using a commercial ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Results: The frequency of S. stercoralis infection was 3.4% (6/178). Individuals infected with S. stercoralis from rural areas (50.0%; 3/6) also showed S. stercoralis hyperinfection (>3,000 larvae/ gram of feces). The frequency of circulating anti-S. stercoralis IgG antibodies was 20.8% (37/178). Conclusions: HTLV-1-infected people living in precarious sanitary conditions are more prone to develop severe forms of S. stercoralis infection. Considering the high susceptibility and unfavorable outcome of the infection in these individuals, the serological diagnosis for S. stercoralis should be considered when providing treatment.

https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5888 17 downloads

Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion by a parotid carcinoma
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Antonacio, Fernanda F.

; Harada, Guilherme

; Vilela, Rafael S.

; Freitas, Thais C.

; Lima Jr., Jose V.

; Kowalski, Luiz Paulo

; Almeida, Madson Q.

; Castro Junior, Gilberto de

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Fev 2022, Volume 66 Nº 1 Páginas 92 - 96

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

SUMMARY We report a rare case of Cushing’s syndrome in a 37-year-old female who initially presented with localized acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. In January 2014, she underwent a right parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation and adjuvant radiotherapy. In August 2018, she presented a histologically-proven local regional relapse. The patient was considered for salvage surgery with facial nerve sacrifice and remained with no evidence of disease. One year later the patient developed pulmonary dissemination and started to gain weight and developed facial plethora and acne on the face and upper trunk. In a physical examination, the patient presented moon face, buffalo hump, acne and stage 2 hypertension. Biochemical evaluation confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. IHC for ACTH in the lung biopsy revealed strong positive staining for ACTH confirming a diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion by a metastatic parotid acinic cell carcinoma. Ketoconazole (600 mg/d) was started to treat the CS. In addition, as chemotherapy was initiated to treat the metastatic disease. After the fifth cycle of chemotherapy, ketoconazole was suspended and the patient remained in remission of CS for four months, when CS recurred. A unique feature of this case is related to the clinical CS relapse associated with disease progression, which needed prompt treatment with ketoconazole, resulting in a significant improvement in the patient’s condition. Although rare, should be attentive for possible CS features in patients with high-grade salivary gland carcinomas, since the diagnosis of ectopic secretion of ACTH may significantly impact their management and outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000426

Samanea tubulosa Benth. (Fabaceae): Antinociceptive effect on acute pain in mice: K+ATP channel and opioid activity
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ALIXANDRE, TAMNATA F.

; SOUSA, RENATO P.

; GOMES, BRUNO S.

; SILVA, ARÊTHA H.S.

; SOUSA NETO, BENEDITO P.

; SOUSA, ELCILENE A.

; LIMA, MARLUCE P.D.

; LOPES, EVERTON M.

; PIAUILINO, CELYANE A.

; NASCIMENTO, REJANE T.

; REIS FILHO, ANTÔNIO C.

; ALMEIDA, FERNANDA R.C.

; OLIVEIRA, FRANCISCO A.

; CHAVES, MARIANA H.

; COSTA, LUCIANA M.

; ALVES, MICHEL M. MORAES

; COSTA, AMILTON P.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 2 elocation e20210715

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Samanea tubulosa Benth. it has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect and mechanism of action of the fractions obtained from the Samanea tubulosa pods in mice. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests and the. The possible mechanisms of action involved in the antinociceptive effect of the hexane and ethyl acetate fraction in the opioid system, also the the K + ATP channels and the L-arigine pathways of nitric oxide were evaluated. The chemical characterization analysis revealed in the hexane fraction the presence of triterpenes such as lupenone and lupeol. In the glutamate test, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed antinociceptive activity at the dose of 12.5 and 25 mg kg-1. The antinociception produced by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was significantly reversed by naloxone, indicating that the fractions act through the opioid pathway. Antinociceptive response of the ethyl acetate fraction was blocked by glibenclamide, indicating that this fraction acts via the K + ATP channels activation. It is concluded that the fractions under study exert antinociceptive activity possibly related to the opioid route and through K+ ATP channels activation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210175

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MÉTODOS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE CARGAS ATÔMICAS EM SISTEMAS MOLECULARES: A MOLÉCULA N-{N-(PTERINA-7-IL)CARBONILGLICIL}-L-TIROSINA (NNPT)
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Botelho, Fernanda Diniz

; Oliveira, Roberta Siqueira Soldaini de

; Almeida, Joyce S. F. D. de

; França, Tanos C. C.

; Borges Jr., Itamar

Química Nova

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Fev 2021, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 161 - 171

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Selecting a method to compute partial atomic charges is not trivial because different methods usually provide different charge values and there is no consensus on the most useful approach. In this work, Mulliken, MBS, Chelp, Chelpg, MK, Hirshfeld, NPA, DMA and AIM methods were selected to compute atomic charges and electric dipole moment vector of N-{N-(Pterin-7-yl)carbonylglycyl}-L-tyrosine molecule, a ricin inhibitor which has different types of bonds and chemical environments. While MBS and DMA methods provided the most chemically consistent charges according to atomic electronegativity and electron resonance effects criteria, Chelp, Chelpg and MK had the worst performances. Atomic charges and dipole moment calculated by the Hirshfeld method had the smallest magnitudes, a well-known behavior. Despite the differences among atomic charges predicted by all methods, the direction of the dipole moment vector was essentially the same. Further charge calculations using different basis sets and quantum methods indicated that the dependency on this aspect was the highest for Mulliken and Chelp and the lowest for MBS, Hirshfeld and DMA methods. Thus, results point to MBS and DMA as the most suitable methods for computing chemically consistent atomic charges and dipole moment vectors of similar systems for different applications; e.g., molecular dynamics.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170683 137 downloads

10.

TIME SERIES TRENDS OF STREAMFLOW AND RAINFALL IN THE SANTO ANTÔNIO RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL
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Ferreira, Fernanda L. V.

; Rodrigues, Lineu N.

; Silva, Demetrius D. da

; Teixeira, David B. de S.

; Almeida, Laura T. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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Fev 2021, Volume 41 Nº 1 Páginas 47 - 55

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Detecting trends in streamflow and rainfall series can have great significance for proper water resource management. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the trends of historical streamflow and rainfall series using nonparametric statistical tests. A historical series of pluviometric and fluviometric gauges, which belong to the hydrometeorological network of the Brazilian Water National Agency in the Santo Antônio River Basin, Brazil, from 1985 to 2014 were used. By applying statistical tests, it was found that the time series are independent and random, and from the total 24 rainfall gauges evaluated, 12 presented nonstationary behavior, exhibiting mostly decreasing trends. Based on the six fluviometric gauges used for the annual streamflow series, only the annual data of one gauge tended to decrease to the minimum streamflow. However, for the monthly series, three gauges showed decreasing trends between July and September. This decrease in streamflow may be a consequence of rainfall reductions, high water demand, and changes in land use and cover.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v41n1p47-55/2021 335 downloads

11.

Taxonomic loss and functional reduction over time in the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River, Southern Brazil
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Ferraz, João D.

; Casimiro, Armando C. R.

; Garcia, Diego A. Z.

; Pereira, Alan D.

; Jarduli, Lucas R.

; Almeida, Fernanda S. de

; Orsi, Mário L.

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2021, Volume 19 Nº 3

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Avaliamos a composição de peixes e atributos ecológicos da ictiofauna coletada em uma zona limnológica do reservatório de Taquaruçu, baixo rio Paranapanema. As informações sobre a comunidade de peixes foram atualizadas quando comparadas ao estudo anterior (2006). O escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (NMDS) mostrou diferenças na composição de espécies entre os períodos, e as médias ponderadas da comunidade (CWMs) exibiram mudanças na composição funcional ao longo do tempo. Quatro índices funcionais foram utilizados na análise de coordenadas principais (PcoA) para medir as mudanças no espaço funcional das espécies, enquanto a β-diversidade funcional inspecionou diferenças na composição de traços entre os períodos. Foram amostrados 1,203 indivíduos de 43 espécies, sendo 16 não-nativas e 14 novos registros. Em comparação com 2006, 27 espécies estavam ausentes, a maioria nativa de Loricariidae e Anostomidae, enquanto Curimatidae e Pimelodidae diminuíram em abundância. Os índices funcionais mostraram redução na diversidade funcional, enquanto novos registros de espécies exibiram redundância funcional. Pode ter ocorrido uma simplificação da comunidade de peixes ao longo do tempo, excluindo as espécies migradoras e especialistas como os herbívoros e detritívoros. Dessa forma, concluímos que a ictiofauna do reservatório de Taquaruçu pode estar sofrendo um processo de homogeneização biótica.

Abstract We evaluated the fish composition and ecological attributes of the ichthyofauna collected in a limnological zone of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River. Information about the fish community was updated when compared to the previous study (2006). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed differences in species composition between periods and community weighted means (CWMs) exhibited changes in functional composition over time. Four functional indices were used in the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) to measure changes in the functional space of species, whereas functional β-diversity inspected differences in the traits composition between the periods. 1,203 individuals were sampled of 43 species, being 16 non-native and 14 new records. Compared to 2006, 27 species were absent, most of them native to Loricariidae and Anostomidae, while Curimatidae and Pimelodidae decreased in abundance. Functional indexes showed a reduction in functional diversity, whereas new species records exhibited functional redundancy. It might have occurred a simplification of the fish community over time, excluding the migratory and specialists species such as the herbivores and detritivores. Accordingly, we concluded that the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir might have been undergoing a process towards biotic homogenization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0143 137 downloads

12.

Resistance of rice genotypes to fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Silva, Cinthia Luzia Teixeira

; Correa, Fernanda

; Almeida, André Cirilo de Sousa

; Araújo, Márcio da Silva

; Barrigossi, José Alexandre de Freitas

; Jesus, Flávio Gonçalves de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2021, Volume 65 Nº 3 elocation e20210020

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important rice pest which consumes leaf area during all phases of plant development. The objective of this study was to identify rice genotypes that provide antixenosis and antibiosis to fall armyworm. Antixenosis was investigated by measuring non-preference in free-choice and no-choice tests while antibiosis was determined by measuring biological parameters and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda in twelve rice genotypes. The genotype Miúdo Branco showed antixenosis to S. frugiperda, whereas the genotypes IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed antibiosis to S. frugiperda by affecting insect development and prolonging insect life cycle. Insects that fed on Bacaba Branco genotype demonstrated the lowest nutritional indices. Since Miúdo Branco, IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed moderate resistance, rice producers could use these genotypes as part of a control strategy for S. frugiperda.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0020 111 downloads

13.

Productive potential and quality of pitaya with nitrogen fertilization
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Alves, Deilson de Almeida

; Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro

; Lima, João Esdras

; Santos, Núbia Cassiana

; Rabelo, Josimara Mendes

; Barroso, Fernanda de Lima

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2021, Volume 56 elocation e01882

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar doses adequadas de nitrogênio para alcançar produtividade, qualidade das frutas e teor de nutrientes satisfatórios em cladódios de três espécies de pitaia. O delineamento experimental foi feito em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 3×4. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes espécies de pitaia e doses de N: Selenicereus megalanthus, Hylocereus undatus e Hylocereus polyrhizus; e 0, 50, 100 e 200 g de N por planta, no primeiro ciclo de produção (safra 2016/2017) e 50, 100, 200 e 300 g de N por planta, no segundo e terceiro ciclos de produção (safras 2017/2018 e 2018/2019). A fertilização com N aumentou a produtividade, a qualidade das frutas e o teor de nutrientes nos cladódios das espécies. No terceiro ciclo de produção, a produtividade foi de 1,18 Mg ha-1 para S. megalanthus, 10,87 Mg ha-1 para H. undatus e 10,4 Mg ha-1 para H. polyrhizus em polinização aberta. A maior produtividade é obtida com 300 g de N por planta para S. megalanthus. Para H. polyrhizus e H. undatus, as doses são de 170 a 190 g de N por planta, complementadas com P e K.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine adequate rates of nitrogen to reach satisfactory yield, fruit quality, and cladode nutrient content in three species of pitaya. The experimental design was carried out in randomized complete blocks, with a 3×4 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of the following pitaya species and N rates: Selenicereus megalanthus, Hylocereus undatus, and Hylocereus polyrhizus; and 0, 50, 100, and 200 g N per plant, in the first production cycle (2016/2017 crop season) and 50, 100, 200, and 300 g N per plant, in the second and third production cycles (2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons). Nitrogen fertilization increased the yield, fruit quality, and cladode nutrient content of the species. In the third production cycle, yield was 1.18 Mg ha-1 for S. megalanthus, 10.87 Mg ha-1 for H. undatus, and 10.4 Mg ha-1 for H. polyrhizus in open pollination. The highest yield is obtained with 300 g N per plant for S. megalanthus. For H. polyrhizus and H. undatus the rates are from 170 to 190 g N per plant, supplemented with P and K.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01882

14.

A compilation of host plants and their gall-inducing insects for the Caatinga Biome
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Cintra, Fernanda C. F.

; Maia, Valéria C.

; Urso-Guimarães, Maria V.

; Araújo, Walter S. de

; Carneiro, Marco A. A.

; Venâncio, Henrique

; Almeida, Wanessa R. de

; Santos, Jean C.

Biota Neotropica

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2021, Volume 21 Nº 4 elocation e20211215

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: A Caatinga é uma floresta tropical sazonalmente seca, uma das mais ricas em espécies vegetais. Infelizmente, muitos grupos de insetos herbívoros associados a essas plantas são pouco conhecidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a diversidade de insetos galhadores (IG) e plantas hospedeiras (PH) na Caatinga. Para isso, nós compilamos as informações disponíveis na literatura de inventários sobre a comunidade de IG e suas PH, e as espécies descritas de cecidomiídeos. Nós encontramos 100 espécies, 72 gêneros e 32 famílias de PH abrigando um total de 156 morfoespécies de IG e 12 espécies descritas de cecidomiídeos. Espécies de plantas com apenas uma espécie de IG representaram 74% das hospedeiras, mas para as super PH (ou seja, PH com alto número de IG), apesar do pequeno número de espécies de PH, havia muitas espécies de IG. Fabaceae foi a família mais rica, com 30% das espécies de PH e 40% dos IG. Além disso, nossos resultados mostraram um baixo número de espécies de PH e IG para a Caatinga brasileira, e discutimos esse padrão com os seguintes argumentos, primeiro, é provável que o número de inventários de insetos galhadores para a Caatinga seja subamostrado, segundo a Caatinga possui um número relativamente menor de espécies vegetais quando comparada a outros biomas e, por fim, argumentamos que a Caatinga é uma floresta tropical sazonalmente seca onde a deciduidade representa um fator relevante para as taxas de colonização e desempenho dos IG.

Abstract: Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest, one of the richest in plant species. Unfortunately, many groups of herbivorous insects associated with these plants are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of gall-inducing insects (GII) and host plants (HP) in the Caatinga. For this, we compiled the information available in the literature of inventories on GII and their HP communities, and the described gall midge species. We found 100 species, 72 genera, and 32 families of HP hosting a total of 156 morphospecies of GII and 12 species of described cecidomyiids. Plant species with only one GII species represented 74% of hosts, but in super HP (i.e., HP with a high number of GII), despite the small number of HP species, there were many GII species. Fabaceae was also the most specious family, with 30% of HP species and 40% of GII. Furthermore, our results showed a low number of species of HP and GII for the Brazilian Caatinga, that we discussed this pattern with the following arguments, first, it is likely that the number of galling insect inventories for the Caatinga is under-sampled, second the Caatinga has a relatively smaller number of plant species when compared to other biomes, and finally, we argue that the Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest where the deciduousness represents a relevant factor in the colonization and performance rates of GII.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1215

15.

X-ray Scattering and Chemometrics as Tools to Assist in the Identification of Gunshot Residues by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
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Madeira, Fernanda B.

; Saide, Victor G. P.

; Castro, Martha T. P. O.

; Barra, Cristina M.

; Rocha, Sheisi F. L. S.

; Almeida, Vanessa G. K.

; Canuto, André V. S.

; Shimamoto, Gustavo G.

; Tubino, Matthieu

; Rocha Jr., José G.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Dez 2020, Volume 31 Nº 12 Páginas 2470 - 2478

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) is a non-destructive technique and therefore attractive for gunshot residues (GSR) analysis. It is well known for determination of inorganic constituents of samples. However, X-ray scattering region spectral data is not commonly used, although it may provide information about organic constituents and their interactions. This work employed X-ray scattering region and inorganic elements spectral data for a better characterization of GSR. Swabs containing residues collected from the hand of people who fired (shooters group) and also from the hands of people which did not fire (control group) with guns were analyzed directly by the WDXRF. Brake pad and people who perform activities that favor the accumulation of characteristic elements of GSR on their hands were chosen to compose the control group. Principal components analysis (PCA) discriminated the GSR according to the firearm/cartridge used. However, similar GSR clustering did not occur without X-ray scatter data, showing the importance of X-ray scattering spectrum for GSR evaluation. The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method correctly classified all samples from shooters and control groups, employing from 1 to 5 nearest neighbors. No anomalous behavior was detected by PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200122 253 downloads

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