Resumen Introducción. Los huevos son un alimento fuente de proteínas que se deteriora fácilmente durante su almacenamiento. La suplementación de polvo de pimiento rojo picante rico en compuestos bioactivos en dietas para gallinas ponedoras puede mejorar la calidad del huevo y prevenir su deterioro durante el almacenamiento. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la suplementación con pimiento rojo picante en polvo y diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento sobre la calidad física del huevo de gallinas ponedoras. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo de enero a marzo de 2024 en el Granero de Investigación de PT Agromix Lestari Group, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Se asignaron 80 gallinas ponedoras de 56 semanas de edad (1681 ± 64 g) de la cepa Novogen a cuatro tratamientos dietéticos (cuatro réplicas, cinco gallinas por réplica): dieta basal como control (P0); dieta basal + 0,25 % de chile rojo en polvo (P1); dieta basal + 0,5 % de chile rojo en polvo (P2), y dieta basal + 0,75 % de chile rojo en polvo (P3). Al final de la sexta semana, se recogió un huevo por grupo y se analizó su calidad física en tres tratamientos de almacenamiento: fresco (S0), una semana de almacenamiento (S1) y dos semanas de almacenamiento (S2). Los datos de calidad de los huevos se analizaron con un diseño experimental factorial (4 × 3) utilizando el programa SPSS 26 (Chicago, IL, USA). Resultados. La suplementación con un 0,5% de pimiento rojo picante en polvo aumentó significativamente el peso del huevo. La adición de pimiento rojo picante y la duración del tratamiento afectaron significativamente al color de la yema del huevo. El grupo tratado con pimiento picante mostró un pH del albumen y la yema significativamente más bajo. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la suplementación de pimiento rojo picante en polvo en las dietas de gallinas ponedoras mejoró el color de la yema del huevo. La inclusión de 0,5 % en la ración fue capaz de mantener bajo el pH de la yema y el albumen.

Abstract Introduction. Eggs are a food source of protein that easily deteriorates during storage. Supplementation of hot red chili pepper powder, rich in bioactive compounds, in diets for laying hens can improve egg quality and prevent egg deterioration during storage. Objective. To determine the effect of hot red pepper powder supplementation and different storage times on the physical egg quality of laying hens. Materials and methods. This study was conducted from January to March 2024 at the Research Barn of PT Agromix Lestari Group, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Eighty 56-week-old Novogen laying hens (1681 ± 64 g) were assigned into four dietary treatments (four replications, five hens per replication): basal diet as control (P0); basal diet + 0.25 % hot red pepper powder (P1); basal diet + 0.5 % hot red pepper powder (P2), and basal diet + 0.75 % hot red pepper powder (P3). At the end of week 6, one egg per replicate group was collected and analyzed for physical quality in three storage treatments: fresh condition (S0), one week storage (S1) and two weeks storage (S2). Egg quality data were analyzed with a factorial experimental design (4 × 3) using SPSS 26 software. Results. Supplementation of 0.5 % hot red pepper powder significantly increased egg weight. Hot red pepper addition and treatment duration significantly affected egg yolk color. The hot red pepper treatment group showed significantly lower pH of albumen and yolk. Conclusions. The supplementation of hot red pepper powder in laying hens’ diets has been shown to improve egg yolk color. The inclusion of 0.5 % in the ration was able to keep the pH of yolk and albumen low.

ABSTRACT Spermidine (Spd), a naturally occurring molecule in plants, is being investigated for its potential to improve the bean’s tolerance to salinity stress. This study explores how common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can be helped to thrive in salty environments. This research involved a group receiving regular watering with half strength Hoagland’s solution (HS), and other group watered with a modified form of the same solution containing 75 mM NaCl to stimulate salt stress. Seedlings were treated with foliar applications of Spd (0, 0.5, 1 mM) at five intervals: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 d after sowing. Applying Spd significantly reduced damage caused by salt and protected essential pigments for photosynthesis (total chlorophyll by 33% and carotenoids by 57% over than the Spd-untreated plants under saline conditions). Additionally, 1 mM Spd enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase by 15%, 55% and 4.6% and promoted the buildup of beneficial compounds like proline, free amino acids and sugars. Remarkably, exogenous Spd application reduced Na+ accumulation while improving K+ content in common beans under salinity stress. Additionally, it enhanced the cell membrane stability index (CMSI) during stressful situations, the maximum CMSI (94.31%) was recorded with 1 mM Spd under non-stress conditions, whereas the minimum CMSI (72.97%) was registered under salinity without Spd. Under salinity condition, the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of the vacuolar-localized Na+/H+ antiporter protein (NHX1), and the multifunctional osmotic protection protein (Osmotin) in comparison to the control. Furthermore, common bean treated with Spd showed significantly higher expression levels of SOS1, NHX1, and Osmotin, under normal and salinity conditions, with the highest gene expression observed under 1 mM spermidine treatment under saline conditions. Spermidine at 1 mM notably decreased malondialdehyde levels compared to 0.5 mM (10.68 vs. 12.11 nmol g-¹ FW). Overall, the findings propose that Spd may be an effective tool for cultivating common beans in saline areas, potentially paving the way for increased food production in challenging environments.

In the present era, polymeric pipes have emerged as the replacement for metallic alternatives in constructing water distribution networks within cities or homes, due to their notable flexibility and durability. Nevertheless, there have been increased concerns over the safety of consuming water that has come into contact with polymeric materials. This issue arises from the possible leaching of organic contaminants, either due to plastic deterioration or from biofilms that typically develop within polymeric pipes. These biofilms may act as a source of disinfection byproducts during water and/or system disinfection. The objective of the study was to investigate the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could migrate from plastic plumbing pipes into tap water. For this purpose, 50 tap water samples from different houses within the Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah residential area (Saudi Arabia) were collected and analysed for the occurrence of VOCs; trichloromethane (1,1,1-TCA), dichloropropane (1,2-DCP), 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) benzyl chloride (BC) 2-nitropropane (2-NP) 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 4-ethylphenol (4-EP), benzene and 2-butanone using CG-MS. The most prevalent compounds were benzene, 2-butanone, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,2-DCP, BC, and 1,2,3-TCP. These were identified in 78%, 76%, 68%, 58%, 50%, and 42% of the samples assessed, respectively. The levels of 1,2,3-TCP, benzene, 2,4-DCP and BC exceeded the allowable limit in 43%, 10%, 8% and 6% of the samples, respectively. The remaining VOCs were within the WHO standards. The analysis of water source samples revealed the presence of BC, 1,2-DCP, and 4-EP in 40%, 40%, and 30% of samples, respectively, with no other VOCs detected. This suggests that these contaminants primarily originate from polymeric pipes used in household plumbing systems.

BACKGROUND: High astigmatism (HA) can be misinterpreted as keratoconus (KCN), is highly prone to developing KCN and is normally reconfirmed using corneal topography. AIM: To determine the diagnostic value of corneal biomechanical parameters in distinguishing HA and normal eyes from mild KCN. SETTING: This is a comparative retrospective study. METHODS: This study assessed 55 eyes with mild KCN (stages I and II), 56 eyes with HA (> 2.0 DC) without KCN and 55 normal healthy eyes. Corneal biomechanical and tomography parameters were measured using the Corvis ST and Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Germany). Keratoconus was diagnosed through slit lamp examination and abnormal corneal tomography patterns. The Kruskal-Wallis test evaluated each parameter's distinguishing capability, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyzed the ability to differentiate high astigmatism and normal eyes from mild KCN. RESULTS: The Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) between HA and mild KCN reflected a lower area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859, with a sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 65.4%, than CBI between normal and mild KCN, with an AUC of 0.896. The AUC for the Belin / Ambrósio enhanced ectasia deviation index (BAD-D) was 0.993, while the tomographical and biomechanical index (TBI) achieved an AUC of 0.99. CONCLUSION: Scheimpflug-derived biomechanical parameters effectively differentiated suspected HA and normal corneas from mild KCN corneas, indicating that corneal stiffness decreases at the early KCN stage. CONTRIBUTION: Oculus Corvis ST effectively screens for ectasia risk, enabling early detection of KCN in individuals with high astigmatism and asymmetric curvature.

O estudo teve como objetivo mapear um modelo de comunicação em saúde baseado na comunidade como estratégia de mitigação para reduzir o risco de mortalidade materna na Indonésia, utilizando uma teoria de apoio social. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi adotado um método de estudo de caso, onde os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas aprofundadas, observação participante, discussões em grupo focal e análise de documentos. Os resultados mostraram que a comunicação de saúde baseada na comunidade, por meio dos programas Alert Church e Village, mitigou efetivamente o risco de mortalidade materna na região centro-sul de Timor. Esse método inclui a participação ativa da comunidade no monitoramento da saúde das mulheres grávidas dentro da aldeia

El estudio pretendía trazar un modelo de comunicación sanitaria de base comunitaria como medida de mitigación para reducir el riesgo de mortalidad materna en Indonesia utilizando una teoría de apoyo social. Para lograr el objetivo, se adoptó un método de estudio de casos y los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante, debates en grupos focales y revisión de documentos. Los resultados mostraron que la comunicación sanitaria basada en la comunidad a través de los programas Alert Church y Village mitigaba eficazmente el riesgo de mortalidad materna en la regencia de Timor Central Sur. Este método implica la participación activa de la comunidad en el seguimiento de la salud de las mujeres embarazadas dentro de la aldea.

The study aimed to map a community-based health communication model as a mitigation effort to reduce the risk of maternal mortality in Indonesia using a social support theory. To achieve the objective, a case study method was adopted, and data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions, and document review. The results showed that community-based health communication through the Alert Church and Village programs effectively mitigated the risk of maternal mortality in the South Central Timor Regency. This method includes the active participation of the community in monitoring the health of pregnant women within the village.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound impact on global health and socio-economic conditions. To date, various vaccines have been administered worldwide in an effort to curb the spread of the virus. Despite vaccination efforts, there have been complications. Existing antiviral drugs have shown limited effectiveness, prompting the use of computational methods to understand the dynamics of the virus and develop suitable treatments. The current study focuses on using biocompatible para-sulfonato-calix[4]arenes to dock against two key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase. Docking results indicate a strong binding affinity of these compounds to the target proteins, with higher scores compared to commonly used medications. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation validates the docking results, showing stable protein-ligand complexes over time. The compounds are also screened for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and toxicity, suggesting their potential as lead candidates for inhibiting the virus’s key proteins. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are recommended to confirm these findings. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV , (SARS-CoV-2) socioeconomic socio economic conditions date efforts complications effectiveness treatments parasulfonatocalix4arenes parasulfonatocalixarenes para sulfonato calix 4 arenes 2, SARS-CoV-2 RNAdependent dependent polymerase helicase medications MD (MD proteinligand protein ligand time absorption distribution metabolism toxicity viruss s However findings COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (SARS-CoV-2 parasulfonatocalix SARS-CoV- (COVID- (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV (COVID (SARS-CoV

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether the presence of mutation exists in the vitamin D-connector protein gene rs7041 variant of the pancreatitis table for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. METHODS: A total of 113 patients with normal pancreatic enzyme levels diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 and 120 patients with both coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis and high pancreatic enzyme levels were included in the study. The rs7041 genotyping of the 11th single nucleotide variation in the vitamin D-connector protein gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: In the patient group with coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis and high pancreatic enzyme levels, the vitamin D-connector protein gene rs7041 variance GG genotype ratio was determined to be higher than the normal coronavirus disease 2019 patients. As a result of comparisons between the two groups, the difference between the genotype ratios in the relationship was determined to be statistically significant (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Coronavirus disease 2019 patients were determined that the rs7041 halves in the vitamin D-connector protein gene could be prone to pancreatitis formation. Different populations and work with more patient groups are needed to verify the results of the study. OBJECTIVE Dconnector D connector rs rs704 METHODS 11 201 12 th methods RESULTS p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 . 0 004 (p=0.004) CONCLUSION formation rs70 1 20 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 rs7 2 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Resumen Este estudio evaluó la compatibilidad de la técnica de obturación de cono único mediante el uso de Micro-CT (microtomografía computarizada). Las muestras se dividieron en dos grupos según el sistema rotatorio utilizado. En ambos grupos, el conducto se obturó con compactación lateral y el otro con una técnica de cono único combinada con el cemento biocerámico BioRoot RCS. El porcentaje de espacios vacíos en el conducto se evaluó mediante micro-CT antes y después de la obturación. Independientemente de la cinemática utilizada, la técnica de cono único dejó significativamente menos espacios que la compactación lateral. El grupo conformado con el sistema recíproco y obturado con el sistema de cono único obtuvo los mejores resultados. El sistema recíproco con una técnica de obturación de gutapercha de cono único es más eficaz en términos de reducir los espacios vacíos en el conducto radicular.

Abstract This study is aimed to evaluate the compatibility of single-cone filling technique in reciprocal and rotationally formed canals in using Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography). The samples were split into two groups according to the kinematics system used. In both groups, one canal of the shaped roots was filled with the lateral compaction and the other one with a matched single-cone technique with a bioceramic root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS. The percentage of voids in the canal were evaluated by micro-CT radiograph before and after obturation. Regardless of the kinematics used, the single-cone technique left significantly fewer voids than the lateral compaction. In the kinematics comparison, the group shaped with the reciprocal system and filled with the single-cone system had the best results. The reciprocal nickel-titanium (NiTi) system with a matching single-cone gutta percha filling technique was found to be more effective in terms of reducing voids in root canal filling.

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) and B are important for phloem translocation, reproductive growth, and grain formation. A 2-yr field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of K and B applied through the soil and foliar application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Experiments included the soil application of K (62 kg ha-1) and B (5 kg ha-1) and foliar spray of K (1%) and B (0.1%). Furthermore, the soil-applied K and B was supplemented with three foliar sprays of either K, B, or both at 45, 60 and 75 d after sowing. The results revealed that K and B fertilization improved the agronomic parameters of sunflower, including plant height, head diameter, achenes per head, achene weight, yield, seed oil contents and oil quality. The soil applied K at 62 kg ha-1 followed by foliar spray of 1% K + 0.1% B at 45, 60 and 75 DAS resulted in production of taller plants (192 and 172 cm), head diameter (23 and 28 cm), achene per head (954 and 1063), 1000 achene weight (68 and 67.58 g), achene yield (2976 and 2621 kg ha-1), biological yield (11363 and 8430 kg ha-1), oil contents (43.37% and 41.87%), and oleic acid (70.33% and 80.83%) over 2 yr of study. Hence it can be concluded that soil application of 62 kg ha-1 K followed by foliar application of 1% K + 0.1% B is the preferable fertilization strategy for sunflower for improved yield, seed oil contents, and oil quality.

Abstract: The Ethiopian agriculture sector, supporting over 85% of the population’s livelihood, has been severely impacted by armed conflict, disrupting nearly every element of its value chain. Key direct impacts of conflict include the destruction of essential assets like farmland, livestock, crops, seed reserves, and critical infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate the war’s effect on agricultural inputs, management practices, and services in selected districts within South Wollo, northeastern Ethiopia, and to propose viable mitigation strategies. Both primary and secondary data were gathered, with primary data collected through surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews with key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using SAS software, while qualitative data were examined through descriptive and narrative methods. The conflict has damaged agricultural inputs, management practices, infrastructure, and services, including irrigation canals, farmer training centers, veterinary services, and nursery sites, significantly exacerbating food insecurity. Agrochemical supplies were impacted for 53% of respondents, while 66.5% reported disruption in livestock management practices. Total irrigation infrastructure and agricultural institution damage in South Wollo was estimated at 17,988.90 million Ethiopian birrs (ETB). Therefore, immediate actions for the restoration of damaged agricultural infrastructures, institutions, and services are necessary, along with reinstating agricultural inputs, capacity building and community engagement, monitoring and evaluation, and networking and partnerships. These recommendations should be tailored based on the local context, existing conditions, and available resources. Engaging with communities to understand their unique needs and preferences is essential in making these initiatives effective and sustainable.

Abstract An experiment was performed to reveal how nitrogen and boron fertilizers affect the yield and quality of sugar beets. A split-plot design with random blocks was used, and the experiment was repeated three times in two areas of northwest Iran (Khoy and Naqadeh) from 2019-2020. Nitrogen fertilizer was used in the main plot at four levels: N1 (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 6-8 leaf stage), N2 (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 8-12 leaf stage), N3 (1.5 times that of N1), N4 (1.5 times that of N2), and boron fertilizer was used as a subagent at four levels: B1 (no boron, used as a control), B2 (boron used as boric acid at the rate of 20 kg ha-1), B3 (foliar spray with Boroplus, a liquid fertilizer with 10% boron, used at the 6-8 leaf and 8-12 leaf stages), and B4 (foliar spray with Boroplus at the 12-8 and 16-20 leaf stages). The results revealed that as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased. However, the percentage of sugar in the roots decreased as more nitrogen was added. Therefore, the maximum root yield was reached in the N4 treatment, and the maximum percentage of sugar (21.4%) was reached in the B4 treatment, which represented the minimum level of nitrogen. The maximum pure sugar yield (1228.8 g m-2) was reached in the N1B4 treatments. Therefore, nitrogen and boron should be applied following the N1B4 treatment for sugar beet planting.

Resumen Se realizó un experimento para revelar cómo afectan los fertilizantes nitrogenados y borónicos al rendimiento y la calidad de la remolacha azucarera. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas con bloques aleatorios, y el experimento se repitió tres veces en dos zonas del noroeste de Irán (Khoy y Naqadeh) entre 2019 y 2020. En la parcela principal se utilizó fertilizante nitrogenado en cuatro niveles: N1 (300 kg ha-1 de urea con 50% de consumo en la siembra y 50% en la etapa de 6-8 hojas), N2 (300 kg ha-1 de urea con 50% de consumo en la siembra y 50% en la etapa de 8-12 hojas), N3 (1,5 veces el de N1), N4 (1,5 veces el de N2), y se utilizó fertilizante de boro como subagente en cuatro niveles: B1 (sin boro, utilizado como control), B2 (boro utilizado como ácido bórico a razón de 20 kg ha-1), B3 (pulverización foliar con Boroplus, un fertilizante líquido con un 10% de boro, utilizado en los estadios de 6-8 hojas y 8-12 hojas), y B4 (pulverización foliar con Boroplus en los estadios de 12-8 y 16-20 hojas). Los resultados revelaron que, a medida que se aplicaba más nitrógeno y boro, aumentaba el peso seco de las hojas, el rendimiento radicular, el contenido de azúcar y el rendimiento de azúcar puro. Sin embargo, el porcentaje de azúcar en las raíces disminuía a medida que se añadía más nitrógeno. Por lo tanto, el rendimiento máximo de raíces se alcanzó en el tratamiento N4, y el porcentaje máximo de azúcar (21,4%) se alcanzó en el tratamiento B4, que representaba el nivel mínimo de nitrógeno. El rendimiento máximo de azúcar puro (1228,8 g m-2) se alcanzó en los tratamientos N1B4. Por lo tanto, el nitrógeno y el boro deben aplicarse después del tratamiento N1B2 para la plantación de remolacha azucarera.

RESUMEN La toma de decisiones en salud es compleja y requiere informarse en la mejor evidencia científica. En este proceso, la información generada a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos es crucial, el cual puede desarrollarse desde las perspectivas frecuentista o bayesiana. En la arena frecuentista, la prueba de significancia de la hipótesis nula (PSHN) y el valor p es una de las técnicas de mayor uso en diferentes disciplinas. No obstante, la PSHN desde la academia ha sido sometida a una serie de cuestionamientos desde diversas aristas, lo cual ha conllevado a situarla como una de las causantes de la denominada crisis de replicabilidad en la ciencia. En este artículo de revisión, realizamos un breve recuento histórico sobre su desarrollo, resumimos los métodos subyacentes, describimos algunas controversias y limitaciones, abordamos el mal uso y mala interpretación, para finalmente dar algunos alcances y reflexiones en el contexto de la investigación biomédica.

ABSTRACT Decision-making in healthcare is complex and needs to be based on the best scientific evidence. In this process, information derived from statistical analysis of data is crucial, which can be developed from either frequentist or Bayesian perspectives. When it comes to the frequentist field, the null hypothesis significance test (NHST) and its p-value is one of the most widely used techniques in different disciplines. However, NHST has been subjected to questioning from different academic points of view, which has led to it being considered as one of the causes of the so-called replicability crisis in science. In this review article, we provide a brief historical account of its development, summarize the underlying methods, describe some controversies and limitations, address misuse and misinterpretation, and finally give some scopes and reflections in the context of biomedical research.

Resumo Este artigo centra-se no papel desempenhado pela dúvida na formação da fé enquanto estado mental dos seres humanos. Nos debates contemporâneos sobre a fé, a dúvida refuta uma teoria ou apoia outra. No entanto, a questão crucial mantém-se: será a dúvida um elemento essencial inerente à fé? Este artigo defende que a dúvida é uma componente fundamental e necessária da fé, especialmente quando se considera a fé como uma virtude. A primeira parte deste artigo estabelece o enquadramento para este estudo, abordando algumas questões cruciais relevantes, tais como: quais são os aspectos necessários da fé. A fé é uma virtude? A segunda parte defende que, tendo em conta a descrição da fé desenvolvida na primeira parte do estudo, a dúvida é um elemento e uma componente necessários da fé para que esta possa ser considerada uma virtude. A metodologia deste estudo baseia-se na análise crítica de fontes primárias e secundárias relevantes para a fé como virtude e na realização de análises conceptuais e argumentativas. centrase centra humanos outra entanto mantémse mantém mantém-se baseiase baseia argumentativas

Abstract This paper focuses on the role played by doubt in shaping faith as a mental state in humans. In contemporary discussions on faith, doubt refutes a theory or supports another. However, the crucial question remains: is doubt an essential element inherent in faith? This paper argues that doubt is a fundamental and necessary component of faith, especially when considering faith as a virtue. The first part of this paper sets the framework for this study by addressing some crucial relevant questions, such as what the necessary aspects of faith are. Is faith a virtue? The second part argues that, given the account of faith developed in the first part of the study, doubt is a necessary element and component of faith for it to be considered a virtue. This study’s methodology is founded on critically examining primary and secondary sources relevant to faith as a virtue and engaging in conceptual and argumentative analyses. humans another However remains questions are studys s analyses

ABSTRACT Soil salinization, a rising issue globally, is a negative effect of the ever-changing climate, which has drawn attention to, and exacerbated problems related to soil degradation and the decline in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, leading to an unstable national economy. The use of rhizosphere inhabiting microorganisms (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR) is a viable method for boosting agricultural production on saline soils and reduce salt stress in rice crops. The objective of this study was to support the development of rice under salt stress by using a consortium of bacterial strains. ‘Pokkali’ rice plants inoculated with single Bacillus tequilensis and B. aryabhattai isolates were compared with consortium and non-inoculated plants while salinity was increased and by irrigation with tap water (control), 30 mM (5 dS m-1) and 60 mM (10 dS m-1) NaCl. The present study exhibited that inoculation of a mixed inoculum at 5 dS m-1 resulted in significantly higher dry weight of the shoots and roots of seedlings (9.29 and 1.24 g, respectively) which was due to the increased SPAD value, proline content (7.55 µmol g-1 FW), and antioxidant enzyme activity in the inoculated plants. The higher accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline supported Na+ ion reduction and antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and reduced polyphenol oxidase content protect against higher cellular damage, eventually leading to increase plant growth performance in saline soil. This study demonstrates some positive effects of the locally isolated salt tolerant consortium PGPR strains on the growth of rice plants under salt stress conditions.