Pesquisa | SciELO

RESUMO O iodo (I) é um micronutriente crucial para a saúde humana, pois sua ingestão insuficiente pode levar a diversos problemas de saúde, como disfunção da tireoide. Embora não seja essencial para plantas terrestres, I pode atuar como bioestimulante em concentrações adequadas, promovendo boa produtividade das culturas e alterações no metabolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da pulverização foliar de I na produtividade do melão, compostos antioxidantes e seu acúmulo nos frutos. O experimento envolveu a aplicação de diferentes doses de I (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 µM/L) a cada 15 dias após o transplante. Os resultados mostraram que baixas doses de I (5 µM/L) melhoraram o rendimento e a qualidade comercial do melão, enquanto altas doses (20 µM/L) diminuíram o rendimento e a qualidade comercial, mas aumentou a biossíntese de compostos bioativos e I nos frutos. Portanto, a biofortificação de plantas é uma técnica importante para aumentar as concentrações de I nas culturas e produzir alimentos funcionais com potenciais benefícios à saúde.

ABSTRACT Iodine (I) is a crucial micronutrient for human health, as its insufficient intake can lead to various health problems, such as thyroid dysfunction. Although not essential for terrestrial plants, I can act as a biostimulant at appropriate concentrations, promoting good crop productivity and metabolism changes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar spray of I on melon yield, antioxidant compounds, and their accumulation in fruits. The experiment involved applying different doses of I (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM/L) every 15 days after transplanting. Results showed that low doses of I (5 µM/L) improved melon yield and commercial quality, while high doses (20 µM/L) decreased yield and commercial quality, but increased the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and I on the fruits. Therefore, plant biofortification is an important technique to increase I concentrations in crops and produce functional foods with potential health benefits.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2024-e275325

Evaluation of different levels of dietary protein and lipids on the growth, feed efficiency, and biometric and hematological indexes of juvenile white snooks, Centropomus viridis
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Abdo-de la Parra, María Isabel

; Rodríguez-Ibarra, Luz Estela

; Ibarra-Castro, Leonardo

; Martínez-Brown, Juan Manuel

; Álvarez-González, Carlos Alfonso

; Peña, Emyr

; Velasco-Blanco, Gabriela

; Domínguez-Jiménez, Patricia

; Rodríguez-Montes de Oca, Gustavo

Ciencias marinas

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Dez 2023, Volume 49 elocation e3368

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various levels of protein and dietary lipids on white snook (Centropomus viridis) performance. A 4 × 2 factorial design was used with 4 protein levels (40%, 46%, 52%, and 58%) and 2 lipid levels (10% and 13%), with 3 replicates per treatment. Fish with an initial weight of 14.80 ± 0.80 g were fed to apparent satiety 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Juvenile growth showed no significant differences among treatments. Feed efficiency was only affected by the protein level in the diet, and the best feed efficiency ratio was obtained with the 52% protein diets; the protein efficiency ratio was significantly lower with the 58% protein diets. The hepatosomatic index decreased with increasing protein content, and the peritoneal fat index increased with dietary lipid level. The condition factor was not affected by the dietary protein or lipid level. Hematocrit and total plasma protein were significantly higher at 40% protein; blood glucose and triglycerides were affected by both nutrients. It is concluded that juvenile C. viridis can be fed diets containing 40% protein and 10% lipids and a protein/energy ratio of 20.69 mg·kJ-1, under the experimental conditions of this study.

Resumen. Se llevó a cabo un experimento para evaluar el efecto de varios niveles de proteína y lípidos dietéticos en el rendimiento de juveniles de robalo blanco (Centropomus viridis). Se realizó un diseño factorial 4 × 2 con 4 niveles de proteína (40%, 46%, 52% y 58%) y 2 niveles de lípidos (10% y 13%), con 3 replicados por tratamiento. Los peces con un peso inicial de 14.80 ± 0.80 g se alimentaron a saciedad aparente 3 veces al día durante 6 semanas. El crecimiento de los juveniles no presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. La eficiencia alimenticia solo fue afectada por el nivel de proteína en la dieta, y la mejor tasa de eficiencia alimenticia se obtuvo con las dietas con 52% de proteína; el índice de eficiencia proteica fue significativamente menor con las dietas con 58% de proteína. El índice hepatosomático disminuyó al aumentar el contenido de proteína, y el índice de grasa peritoneal aumentó con el nivel de lípidos en la dieta. El factor de condición no fue afectado por el nivel de proteína o lípidos dietéticos. El hematocrito y la proteína total del plasma fueron significativamente mayores con las dietas con 40% de proteína; la glucosa y los triglicéridos en la sangre fueron afectados por ambos nutrientes. Se concluye que los juveniles de C. viridis pueden ser alimentados con dietas que contengan 40% de proteína y 10% de lípidos y una relación proteína/energía de 20.69 mg·kJ-1, bajo las condiciones experimentales de este estudio.

https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3368

Factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children from a hospital in Western Mexico
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Lona-Reyes, Juan C.

; González-Valadez, Jalil

; Maytorena, Hugo C. Suárez

; Paredes-Casillas, Patricia

; Cordero-Zamora, Araceli

; López-Godínez, Alfonso

; Gómez-Ruiz, Larissa M.

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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Abr 2023, Volume 80 Nº 2 Páginas 129 - 134

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas y demográficas de niños con enfermedad tuberculosa confirmada e identificar los factores asociados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrolectivo en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca. Se incluyeron menores de 18 años hospitalizados y ambulatorios que se notificaron al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINAVE) por sospecha de tuberculosis y que contaron con pruebas moleculares o microbiológicas para micobacterias. El estudio de los factores asociados se realizó mediante análisis multivariado con regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 109 menores de 18 años con sospecha de tuberculosis. El 50.5% (55/109) fueron de sexo masculino y la mediana de edad fue de 11 años. Se confirmó enfermedad tuberculosa en el 55% (n = 60) de los casos: el 15% (9/60) presentaron infección pulmonar y el resto extrapulmonar. Las pruebas diagnósticas utilizadas fueron el estudio histopatológico (n = 26), tinciones de expectoración o aspirado gástrico (n = 17), reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (n = 12) y cultivos (n= 5). 33.9% de los pacientes presentaron prueba de derivado proteico purificado (PPD) o ensayo de liberación de interferón gamma (IGRA) positiva. Se observó que la desnutrición (razón de momios (RM) 15.9, intervalo de confianza (IC) 95% 2.3 - 109) y el consumo de productos no pasteurizados (RM 7.45, IC 95% 1.02 - 54.3) se asociaron con enfermedad tuberculosa en niños. Conclusiones: La desnutrición y el consumo de lácteos no pasteurizados se asocian con la enfermedad tuberculosa.

Abstract Background: This study aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of children with confirmed tuberculosis disease and identify associated factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational study at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca. Inpatient and outpatient children under 18 years of age who were reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE, for its Spanish acronym) for suspected tuberculosis and who had molecular or microbiological tests for mycobacteria were included in the study. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors. Results: One hundred and nine patients under 18 years of age with suspected tuberculosis were included in the study. About 50.5% (55/109) were male, and the median age was 11 years. Tuberculosis was confirmed in 55% (n = 60): 15% (9/60) had a pulmonary infection, and the rest (51/60) had an extrapulmonary infection. The diagnostic tests used were histopathological study (n = 26), expectoration or gastric aspirate stains (n = 17), polymerase chain reaction (n = 12), and cultures (n = 5). Positive purified protein derivative (PPD) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) tests were found in 33.9%. Malnutrition (odds ratio [OR] 15.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-109), and consumption of unpasteurized products (OR 7.45, 95% CI: 1.02-54.3) were associated with tuberculosis disease in children. Conclusions: Malnutrition and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products are associated with tuberculosis.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.22000146

Demografía y COVID-19: Diferenciales sociales y epidemiológicos
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Aja Díaz, Antonio

; Molina Cintra, Matilde de la Caridad

; Trinquete Díaz, Dixie Edith

; Barros Díaz, Otilia Zenaida

; Rodríguez García, Arianna

; Orbea López, Marbelis

; Mora Pérez, Arelis Rosalen

; Araujo González, Rafael

; Farnós Morejón, Alfonso

; Martin Fernández, Consuelo M.

; Dujarric Bermúdez, Gabriela

; Rodríguez Javiqué, Daylin Cecilia

; Terrero Trinquete, Amanda

; Díaz Fernández, Marta

; Benítez Jiménez, Iliana

; Bourzac Macia, Lisset

; Oliveros Domínguez, Eloy Rafael

; Alfonso de Armas, Marisol

; Quintana Llanio, Livia

; Rodríguez Gómez, Grisell

; Castellanos Cabrera, Roxanne

; Bárcenas Alfonso, Jany

; López Bauta, Adis Aymee

; Oroza Fraíz, Teresa

; Cancio-Bello Ayes, Claudia

; Pérez León, Marta Valeria

; Vera Vergara, Vivian

; Llantá Abreu, María del C.

; Lozano Pérez, Teresa Isabel

; Zas Ros, Bárbara

; Gener Serralta, Sandra

; Rivera Fernández, Rosa M.

; Martínez Debs, Leyti

; Quintosa Puebla, Yissel

; Pérez Rodríguez, Nancy

; Oviedo Álvarez, Vivian

; Fernández Lorenzo, Juan Manuel

; Remond Noa, Ricardo

; Torres Reyes, Antonio

; Veranes Miranda, Alejandro

; de la Garma García, Lic. Diana

Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba

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Dez 2022, Volume 12 Nº 3 elocation e1115

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction. The behavior of COVID-19 is influenced by diverse social differentials that transcend demographic variables and include morbidity, the conditions of their homes, family dynamics, job performance, gender roles and stereotypes, care tasks, habits, and behaviors of life and consumption, among others. Methods. Statistical and demographic analysis and tools of metric studies of the information were used. Results and Discussion. The research showed the importance of incorporating into the analysis of the behavior of COVID-19 in Cuba the influence of social and epidemiological differentials determined by skin color, marital status, employment status, income levels, types of families, mobility, hygienic environmental conditions, access to health services, among others, which can place populations in greater or lesser conditions of vulnerability. Conclusions: The composition and dynamics of the population together with other social differentials are determinants of the behavior and expression of the pandemic. The crossing of epidemiological factors with the analysis of containment measures and the composition and structure of the affected population allows for the design of health policies that are more adjusted to the needs of the pandemic. Distance psychological counseling makes it possible to identify and deal with situations related to confinement and changes in life routines that affect the mental health of different groups of people.

RESUMEN Introducción. El comportamiento de la COVID-19 está influenciado por diferenciales sociales que trascienden las variables demográficas e incluyen la morbilidad, las condiciones de sus viviendas, las dinámicas familiares, el desempeño laboral, los roles y estereotipos de género, las tareas de cuidado, los hábitos y comportamientos de vida y consumo, entre otros. Métodos. Se empleó el análisis estadístico y demográfico y herramientas de los estudios métricos. Resultados y Discusión. La investigación mostró la importancia de incorporar a los análisis del comportamiento de la COVID-19 en Cuba la influencia de diferenciales sociales y epidemiológicos determinados por el color de la piel, el estado conyugal, la situación laboral, los niveles de ingreso, los tipos de familias, la movilidad, las condiciones higiénico ambientales, el acceso a los servicios de salud, entre otros, que pueden ubicar a las poblaciones en mayores o menores condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Conclusiones, la composición y la dinámica de la población junto a otros diferenciales sociales son determinantes del comportamiento de la pandemia. El cruzamiento de los factores epidemiológicos con el análisis de las medidas de contención y la composición y estructura de población afectada permite diseñar políticas sanitarias más ajustadas a las necesidades de la pandemia. La orientación psicológica a distancia permite identificar y atender situaciones vinculadas al confinamiento y los cambios en las rutinas de vida que afectan la salud mental de diferentes grupos de personas.

A new species of the endemic genus Centaurodendron Johow (Asteraceae, Centaureinae) from Alejandro Selkirk Island, Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile
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Penneckamp, Diego N.

; Susanna, Alfonso

; Garcia-Jacas, Nuria

; Rojas, Gloria

; Mekis, Lukas

; Stuessy, Tod F.

; Baeza, Carlos M.

; Novoa, Patricio

; Danton, Philippe

; Perrier, Christophe

Gayana. Botánica

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Jun 2022, Volume 79 Nº 1 Páginas 27 - 36

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT A new endemic species, Centaurodendron schilleri, is described from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. This is the third species of the endemic genus, Centaurodendron, which is closely related to Plectocephalus of the Chilean mainland. The new species is confined to Alejandro Selkirk Island, whereas the previously known species, C. dracaenoides and C. palmiforme, are confined to Robinson Crusoe Island. In morphological aspects, the new species is more distinct from the other two species than they are from each other. Molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic studies for island and continental species of these genera are in progress.

RESUMEN Se describe una nueva especie endémica, del archipiélago Juan Fernández, Centaurodendron schilleri. Esta es la tercera especie del género endémico Centaurodendron, el que se relaciona con Plectocephalus de Chile continental. La especie nueva crece en la isla de Alejandro Selkirk, mientras que C. dracaenoides y C. palmiforme lo hacen exclusivamente en la isla de Robinson Crusoe. En cuanto a la morfología, las dos especies conocidas se parecen más entre sí que cada una con la nueva. Estudios filogenéticos moleculares y biogeográficos sobre el complejo del grupo Plectocephalus s.l. de las islas y del continente están ahora en proceso.

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Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae important to be used in Biotechnology: a review
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CORONADO-REYES, Jesús Alberto

; SALAZAR-TORRES, Juan Alfonso

; JUÁREZ-CAMPOS, Beatriz

; GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Juan Carlos

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e37320

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae belonging to the order of the Chlorococcales, of the Oocytaceae family, of the genus Chlorella, which has a green colour due to the chloroplasts it contains. Its shape is spherical with a size that varies from 1 to 10 microns. These microalgae contain, in addition to chlorophyll, a significant amount of intracellular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamin C, β-carotenes and B vitamins (B1, B2, B6 and B12), which is why it is commonly used for the preparation of food supplements, as well as for the production of cosmetics, clinical treatments and even for the detoxification of heavy metals in wastewater. For this reason, the following review speaks from the morphology of the microalgae C. vulgaris to recent investigations regarding the primary and secondary metabolites. This research also provides an overview of the areas of opportunity for the development of new products and process improvements in order to increase the existing yields so far to optimize responses based on the desired products, the formulation of various growth media or the design of new photobioreactors which allow greater control of growth conditions and easy scaling for high productions at the industrial level that cover the current global needs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.37320

Soledad y su asociación con depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño en personas mayores cubanas durante la pandemia por COVID-19
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Llibre Rodríguez, Juan de J.

; Noriega Fernández, Lisseth

; Guerra-Hernández, Milagros A.

; Zayas Llerena, Tania

; Llibre Guerra, Juan C.

; Alfonso Chomat, Rebeca C.

; Gutiérrez Herrera, Raúl

Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba

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Dez 2021, Volume 11 Nº 3 elocation e1005

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 has increased social distancing and the isolation of elderly people, which brings adverse effects to their physical and mental health. Objective: to study the influence of feelings of loneliness on Cuban elderly people’s mental health (depression, anxiety and sleep disorders) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Observational study of 585 65 year old people and older ones included in the Aging and Alzheimer Longitudinal Study. The interviews were conducted from October 1 to November 30, 2020, during phase 3 of pandemic recovery in Havana province. The geriatric mental state (GMS) was used to identify feelings of loneliness, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Results: Was found a high prevalence of feelings of loneliness (29,7 %), depression (37,9 %), anxiety (20,9 %), and insomnia (28,9 %). Loneliness increased the probability of depression, OR= 5,37 (IC 95 % from 3,66 to 7,89), anxiety 0R = 3,60 (IC 95 % from 2,38 to 5,46) and insomnia OR = 2,88 (IC 95 %; from 1,97 to 4,22), the connection remaining significantly in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Social distancing and restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have brought negative consequences on elderly people’s mental health and well-being. Further studies are necessary to identify risk factors and develop procedures to reduce the effects of social distancing on elderly people’s mental health in situations like the pandemic and also in periods of normalcy.

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 ha incrementado el distanciamiento social y el confinamiento de las personas mayores, lo cual tiene efectos adversos para su salud física y mental. Objetivo: estudiar la influencia sobre la salud mental (depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño) de los sentimientos de soledad durante la actual pandemia por la COVID-19 en personas mayores cubanas. Métodos: Estudio observacional en 585 personas de 65 años y más procedentes del Estudio longitudinal Envejecimiento y Alzheimer. Las entrevistas se realizaron del 1 de octubre al 30 de noviembre del 2020, durante la fase 3 de recuperación de la pandemia en la provincia de La Habana. El estado mental geriátrico (GMS), se utilizó en la identificación de sentimientos de soledad, depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño. Resultados: Se encontró una elevada prevalencia de sentimientos de soledad 29,7 %, depresión 37,9 %, ansiedad 20,9 % e insomnio 28,9 %. La soledad incrementó la probabilidad de depresión, OR = 5,37 (IC 95 % de 3,66 a 7,89), ansiedad OR = 3,60 (IC 95 % de 2,38 a 5,46) e insomnio OR = 2,88 (IC 95 %; de 1,97 a 4,22), manteniéndose la asociación de forma significativa en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: El aislamiento social y las medidas de restricción durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 han tenido consecuencias negativas en la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas mayores; se necesita continuar estudios que permitan identificar sus factores de riesgo y desarrollar intervenciones para disminuir los efectos del aislamiento social en la salud mental de las personas mayores en situaciones como la actual pandemia y en periodos de normalidad.

Sobrecarga y asociaciones de riesgo en cuidadores de personas con demencia durante la pandemia por la COVID-19
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Llibre-Rodríguez, Juan de Jesús

; Padrón Santiesteban, Indira

; Noriega-Fernández, Lisseth

; Guerra-Hernández, Milagros A.

; Zayas Llerena, Tania

; Hernández Ulloa, Elaine

; Alfonso Chomat, Rebeca C.

; Gutiérrez Herrera, Raúl

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas

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Ago 2021, Volume 20 Nº 4 elocation e3944

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The existence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) represents an unprecedented health problem around the world, including people with dementia, their families and caregivers. Objectives: To study the characteristics of caregivers and care recipients as well as the burden among caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Prospective observational study. The universe comprised 3000 people aged 65 years who were selected by simple random sampling without replacement from the population based study of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Of them, 160 participants from Havana were evaluated at two different moments: in 2016 - 2018 and from October 1 to November 30, 2020. Results: The caregivers who were evaluated during the pandemic presented higher levels of stress or higher Zarit burden Interview scores (p=0,017) as well as a greater morbidity as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (p<0,0001) in relation to the study conducted in 2016-2018. Stress among caregivers was associated with the presence and severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms, OR = 1,02 (95 % CI 1.00-1.03); stages of dementia, OR = 1,61 (95 % CI, 1.45-1.76); greater care needs, OR = 1,56 (95 % CI, 1.14-2.77); fear of getting sick from COVID-19, OR = 1,52 (95 % CI, 1.11-4.12); insecurity about the future, OR = 1,26 (95 % CI, 1.04 -2.53) and job abandonment due to care, OR = 1,19 (95 % CI, 1.01-2.12). Conclusions: Our findings confirm that there is greater stress and burden among caregivers of people living with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic and that there is a need to achieve coordinated actions in the national health system strategies aimed at supporting people with dementia and caregivers.

RESUMEN Introducción: La existencia del SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) representa un problema de salud sin precedentes en todo el mundo, incluidas las personas con demencia, sus familias y cuidadores. Objetivo: Estudiar las características del cuidado y el grado de sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con demencia durante la pandemia causada por la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. El universo comprendió 3000 personas de 65 años seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio simple sin reposición procedentes del estudio poblacional Envejecimiento y Alzheimer, de ellas 160 participantes, residentes en La Habana fueron evaluados en dos momentos diferentes; 2016 - 2018 y del 1 de octubre al 30 de noviembre de 2020. Resultados: Los cuidadores evaluados durante la pandemia presentaron mayor estrés o sobrecarga según la escala de Zarit (p=0,017) y mayor morbilidad según el cuestionario general de salud (p<0,0001) en relación con el estudio realizado en 2016-2018. El estrés en los cuidadores se asoció con la presencia y severidad de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, OR=1.02 (IC 95 % 1,00-1,03), el estadio de la demencia OR= 1,61 (IC 95 %, 1,45-1,76), mayores necesidades de cuidados OR=1.56 (IC 95 %, 1.14-2.77), temor a enfermar por la COVID-19 OR= 1.52 (IC 95 %, 1.11-4.12), inseguridad en el futuro OR= 1,26 (IC 95 %, 1,04-2,53) y el abandono del trabajo por el cuidado OR= 1,19 (IC 95 %, 1,01-2,12). Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos confirman mayor estrés y sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas que viven con demencia durante la pandemia y la necesidad de una acción coordinada en las estrategias del sistema nacional de salud, dirigida a las personas con demencias y los cuidadores.

Gynecological cancer: Evolution of its relative frequency
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Torres-Lobatón, Alfonso

; Jiménez-Arroyo, Elisa P.

; Barra-Martínez, Rosalva

; Oliva-Posada, Juan C.

; Suárez-Juárez, Carla A.

; Morgan-Ortiz, Fred

Revista médica del Hospital General de México

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Dez 2020, Volume 83 Nº 4 Páginas 153 - 158

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: The objective of the study was to show the relative frequency of gynecological cancers at an oncology unit comparing these results with two previous studies, by highlighting the increase in the number of uterine cancers. Materials and methods: Review the number of cases of gynecological cancers at the Oncology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico from 2016 to 2017, comparing it with two previous periods, 1983-1984 and 2010-2011. Results: We included 931 patients with gynecological cancers, 427 patients with cervical cancer (45.8%), 274 patients with uterine cancer (29.4%), and 206 patients with ovarian cancer (22.1%). When comparing these results with the previous ones, we found that the numbers of cervical cancer decreased from 86.8% to 57.8% to 45.8 % (p < 0.05); uterine cancer from 4.5% to 17.9% to 29.4% (p = 0.0001); and ovarian cancer from 6.2% (p < 0.05) to 19.7% (p = 0.185). The larger histological group for cervical cancer is adenocarcinomas (18.1%) and the main histology in uterine cancers is endometrial (86.8%). From this total, 71.4% patients are either overweight or obese. About 63.9% of cases were diagnosed as late-stage cancers. Conclusions: In this series, we detected a decrease in the frequency of cervical cancers, with adenocarcinomas increasing in percentage, and a significant increase in uterine cancers associated with overweightness and obesity. Advanced stages of gynecological cancers were prevalent.

https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.20000096 30 downloads

10.

Uso de aplicativos móviles en el aula y sus factores determinantes
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Morales, Juan C.

; Ramírez, Nicolás E.

; Vargas, Steven H.

; Peñuela, Alfonso J.

Formación universitaria

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Dez 2020, Volume 13 Nº 6 Páginas 13 - 22

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: The present study seeks to determine how mobile applications are perceived in the classroom and what characteristics influence professor’s app use or rejection. This is a quantitative study and 131 professors and 247 students were surveyed at the Sergio Arboleda University (Colombia) in the year 2017. An ANOVA and a binomial Logig model were used to analyze the data. The results show that the use of mobile applications in the classrooms is not dependent on age, gender, or degree study, although there is a greater tendency by young women in engineering degrees to use mobile apps. It is concluded that mobile apps are perceived as tools for motivation needs within the classroom and that mobile app use by professors depends on the professor’s job contract type with the university and on the professor’s perception of mobile apps importance.

Resumen: En este trabajo se busca determinar cómo está siendo percibido el uso de aplicaciones móviles en el aula y qué características influyen para que el docente las use o las descarte. La metodología utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo y se realizó mediante dos encuestas a 131 docentes y 247 estudiantes de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda (Colombia) en el año 2017. Para su evaluación se usó un ANOVA y un modelo Logig binomial. Los resultados muestran que el uso de aplicativos móviles en las aulas de clase no depende de la edad, el género ni la disciplina, aunque hay una mayor tendencia a ser usadas por mujeres jóvenes en ingenierías. El estudio permite concluir que los aplicativos móviles son percibidos como herramientas de apoyo a una necesidad de motivación dentro del aula y su uso por parte del docente depende del tipo de vinculación laboral y de su percepción sobre su importancia.

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11.

Guía de práctica clínica Ibero-Latinoamericana sobre la esofagitis cáustica en Pediatría: Aspectos terapéuticos (2a. Parte)
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Pierre, Reinaldo

; Neri, Sandra

; Contreras, Mónica

; Vázquez, Rodrigo

; Ramírez, Luis C.

; Riveros, Juan P.

; Rondón, Lisset

; Bautista Casasnovas, Adolfo

; Rodríguez-Herrera, Alfonso

; Navalón, María

; Soto, Pilar

; Iglesias, Claudio

; Fernández, Giselle

; Dias, Jorge A.

; Ruiz, Carlos J.

; Spolidoro, José

; Jorge, Juan

; Vila, Víctor

Revista chilena de pediatría

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Abr 2020, Volume 91 Nº 2 Páginas 289 - 299

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Caustic ingestion represents a serious social-medical problem due to the devastating and irreversible consequences it can produce in the upper digestive tract. In Ibero-America, there are no published reliable data on the incidence or prevalence of caustic-induced injuries, and most of the available information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is based on retrospective clinical series and, indeed, its clinical management is often based primarily on expert opinion. Re cently as an initiative of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) and with the cooperation of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroente rology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), we have designed a Clinical Practice Guideline that include a series of statements and recommendations aimed at optimizing patient medical care which is based on the systematic review of evidence. Two (2) separate papers focused on the evaluation of physiopathological and clinical-endoscopic diagnostic features of caustic esophagitis in children (1st. Paper) and, on the other hand, the most relevant therapeutic considerations (2nd. Paper). We expect this guideline to become a useful tool for the physician in the difficult decision-making process when assessing patients after caustic ingestion.

Resumen: La ingestión de cáusticos representa un grave problema médico-social por las consecuencias devastadoras e irreversibles que puede producir en el tracto digestivo superior. En Iberoamérica no se han publicado datos fidedignos sobre la incidencia o la prevalencia de lesiones inducidas por cáusticos. La información disponible sobre la presentación clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico se basa en series retrospectivas de casos y, de hecho, su manejo clínico se sustenta en muchos casos fundamentalmente en la opinión de expertos. Recientemente como una iniciativa de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (SLAGHNP) y con la co laboración de colegas de la Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediá trica (SEGHNP), hemos diseñado una Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) la cual incluye una serie de enunciados y recomendaciones dirigidos a optimizar la atención a los pacientes y que se basan en la revisión sistemática de la evidencia. En dos (2) manuscritos sucesivos nos hemos enfocado primero, en los aspectos fisiopatológicos y de diagnóstico clínico-endoscópico de la esofagitis cáustica en niños (1a. Parte) y en segundo lugar, en los aspectos más relevantes del tratamiento (2a. Parte). Esperamos esta guía se convierta en una herramienta útil para el clínico en el difícil proceso de toma de decisio nes a la hora de evaluar un paciente posterior a la ingesta de una sustancia cáustica.

https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i2.1289 2022 downloads

12.

Guía de práctica clínica Ibero-Latinoamericana sobre la esofagitis cáustica en Pediatría: Fisiopatología y diagnóstico clínico-endoscópico (1a Parte)
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Pierre, Reinaldo

; Neri, Sandra

; Contreras, Mónica

; Vázquez, Rodrigo

; Ramírez, Luis C.

; Riveros, Juan P.

; Rondón, Lisset

; Bautista Casasnovas, Adolfo

; Rodríguez-Herrera, Alfonso

; Navalón, María

; Soto, Pilar

; Iglesias, Claudio

; Fernández, Giselle

; Dias, Jorge A.

; Ruiz, Carlos J.

; Spolidoro, José

; Jorge, Juan

; Vila, Victor

Revista chilena de pediatría

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Fev 2020, Volume 91 Nº 1 Páginas 149 - 157

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Caustic ingestion represents a serious social-medical problem due to the devastating and irreversible consequences it can produce in the upper digestive tract. In Ibero-America, there are no published reliable data on the incidence or prevalence of caustic-induced injuries, and most of the available information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is based on retrospective clinical series and, indeed, its clinical management is often based primarily on expert opinion. Re cently as an initiative of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) and with the cooperation of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroente rology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), we have designed a Clinical Practice Guideline that include a series of statements and recommendations aimed at optimizing patient medical care which is based on the systematic review of evidence. Two (2) successive papers focused on the evaluation of physiopathological and clinical-endoscopic diagnostic features of caustic esophagitis in children (1st. Paper) and, on the other hand, the most relevant therapeutic considerations (2nd. Paper). We expect this guideline to become a useful tool for the physician in the difficult decision-making process when assessing patients after caustic ingestion.

https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i1.1288 5211 downloads

13.

Fractal and Conventional Analysis of Cu Content Effect on the Microstructure of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys
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Casas, Bertha Y.

; Carranza, Juan C.

; Figueroa, Ignacio A.

; González, Jose G.

; Hernáncdez, Orlando

; Béjar, Luis

; Aguilar, Claudio

; Alfonso, Ismeli

Materials Research

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2020, Volume 23 Nº 4 elocation e20190666

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work analyzes the effect of Cu additions on the microstructure of quaternary alloys Al-6Si-7Mg-xCu (x= 3, 5 and 7 wt.%) produced by conventional metallurgy. Microstructural modifications were studied using Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), focusing on second phases identification and quantification. Conventional image analyses were developed measuring the total percentage of second phases, and individually for each phase determining its equivalent diameter, shape factor, roundness and aspect ratio; while fractal analyses were carried out complementarily through fractal dimension measurements for the whole microstructure and for individual phases. Compression tests were also carried out. SEM and XRD results revealed that second phases were eutectic Si, Mg2Si, Al2Cu and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 (Q). The increase in Cu content led to higher quantities of these phases, mainly Al2Cu, which was barely present for the alloy with the lowest Cu content. Morphologies of second phases depended on Cu content, being present as eutectic, block like, finely dispersed or primary particles. The combination of conventional and fractal parameters provided a useful tool for comparatively analyze microstructural modifications and second phases features. It was also found that the compressive behavior of the alloys depended on the resulting microstructures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0666 583 downloads

14.

National survey of blindness and visual impairment in Guatemala, 2015
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Chávez, Gloria Marina Serrano

; Barrios, Ana Rafaela Salazar de

; Pojoy, Oscar Leonel Figueroa

; Reyes, Aida del Rosario Monzón Herrera de

; Melgar, Mariano Yee

; Melgar, Juan Francisco Yee

; Régil, Mario de León

; Hernandez, Carlos Alberto Mendoza

; Chanquin, Victor Alfonso Miranda

; Diaz, Evelyn

; Lansingh, Van C.

; Limburg, Hans

; Silva, Juan Carlos

; Furtado, João M.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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Mar 2019, Volume 82 Nº 2 Páginas 91 - 97

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO | Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de cegueira e deficiência visual em idosos que vivem na Guatemala. Métodos: Indivíduos com idade ³50 anos foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória por conglomerados, e os participantes do estudo foram avaliados pelo método de Avaliação Rápida da Cegueira Evitável. A acuidade visual foi medida e o cristalino foi examinado. Se a acuidade visual apresentada fosse <20/60, então também foi testada com um buraco estenopeico e a fundoscopia realizada. A cegueira e a deficiência visual foram classificadas como deficiência visual moderada com acuidade visual <20/60-20/200; deficiência visual grave com acuidade visual <20/200-20/400; ou cegueira com acuidade visual <20/400. A principal causa de cegueira ou deficiência visual em cada olho foi determinada, e naqueles com catarata, as barreiras ao tratamento foram avaliadas. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 3.850 pessoas com ³50 anos de idade; 3.760 (97,7%) foram examinadas. A prevalência de cegueira ajustada à idade e ao sexo foi de 2,9% (intervalo de confiança de 95%, 2,0-3,8%), 5,2% (4,0-6,4%) deficiência visual grave e 27,6% (23,3-32,0%) deficiência visual moderada. A catarata foi a principal de cegueira (77,6%), seguida de outras doenças do segmento posterior (6,0%). Catarata causada por 79,4% de deficiência visual grave, enquanto erros refrativos não corrigidos causaram 67,9% de deficiência visual moderada. Após a cirurgia de catarata, 75% dos participantes tiveram uma acuidade de 20/200, ou melhor, e 19,0% a deficiência visual não foi melhor do que 20/200 com a correção. O custo foi a principal barreira à cirurgia de catarata (56.7%). Conclusões: A prevalência de cegueira em idosos é maior na Guatemala do que na maioria dos outros países da América Central. A maioria dos casos de cegueira e deficiência visual era evitável ou tratável. O aumento da disponibilidade de tratamento de catarata a preços acessíveis e de alta qualidade teria um impacto substancial na prevenção da cegueira.

ABSTRACT | Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in older adults living in Guatemala. Methods: Participants ³50 years of age were selected using random cluster sampling and evaluated using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness method. Visual acuity was measured, and the lens was examined. If presenting visual acuity was <20/60, it was also tested with a pinhole and fundoscopy was performed. Blindness and visual impairment were classified as moderate visual impairment (presenting visual acuity <20/60 to 20/200), severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity <20/200 to 20/400), or blindness (presenting visual acuity <20/400). The primary cause of blindness or visual impairment in each eye was determined, and if the cause was cataracts, the barriers to treatment were assessed. Results: The study included 3,850 people ³50 years of age, of whom 3,760 (97.7%) were examined. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 2.0%-3.8%), while 5.2% (4.0%-6.4%) presented with severe visual impairment, and 27.6% (23.3%-32.0%) presented with moderate visual impairment. Cataracts were the leading cause of blindness (77.6%), followed by other posterior segment diseases (6.0%). Cataracts caused 79.4% of cases of severe visual impairment, while uncorrected refractive errors caused 67.9% of cases of moderate visual impairment. Following cataract surgery, 75% of participants had a presenting visual acuity of 20/200 or better, and in 19.0% of participants, visual acuity was not better than 20/200 with correction. Cost was the main barrier to cataract surgery (56.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness in older adults is higher in Guatemala than in most Central American countries. Most cases of blindness and visual impairment were either preventable or treatable. Increased availability of affordable, high-quality cataract treatment would have a substantial impact on blindness prevention.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20190029 1355 downloads

15.

Fenología y arquitectura arbórea de Calyptranthes schiedeana O.Berg, Lysiloma acapulcense (Kunth) Benth y Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G. Nicholson en agroecosistemas de Veracruz
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Camacho Moreno, Eleonora

; López Ortiz, Silvia

; Olguín Palacios, Carlos

; Suárez Islas, Alfonso

; Valdez Hernández, Juan Ignacio

; Pineda Herrera, Elizandro

Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales

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Abr 2017, Volume 8 Nº 40 Páginas 19 - 36

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: This paper describes a study of the phenology and tree architecture of Calyptranthes schiedeana, Lysiloma acapulcense and Tabebuia chrysantha, species of the low deciduous forest with a cultural importance and a potential for agroforestry. Ten trees of each of these taxa dispersed within the agroecosystems of veracruz, Mexico, were selected, and their phenology was observed every 14 days (from February 2014 to March 2015). Changes occurred in: 1) the development of floral buds, 2) flowering, 3) fruiting, 4) seed dispersal, 5) presence, 6) fall, and 7) shooting of leaves, all of them related to temperature and precipitation. In March 2014 the tree architecture was assessed, and the type of growth was determined. The phenology of the taxa was characteristic of the low deciduous forest, although L. acapulcense tended to keep its leaves for a longer time and to fruit with lower levels of soil moisture. C. schiedeana required precipitation in order to form leave buds (r = 0.60, P = 0.0004), while the development of these dependend on the decrease of temperature (r = 0.58, P = 0.0008). Fruiting in L. acapulcense diminished gradually with lower temperatures (r = -0.90, P < 0.0001); this species was also prominent for its higher, larger crown with longer branches; besides, it adopted the Troll growth model, while T. chrysantha exhibited the Leeuwenberg model, and C. schiedeana, the Attims model. It is concluded that the three species have different phenologic patterns and architectural models, but they can all adapt to agroforestry systems by being associated to crops.

Resumen: Se estudió la fenología y arquitectura de Calyptranthes schiedeana, Lysiloma acapulcense y Tabebuia chrysantha, especies de selva baja caducifolia, con importancia cultural y potencial para la agroforestería. Se seleccionaron 10 árboles de cada taxón dispersos dentro de agroecosistemas de veracruz, México; y se observó su fenología con una periodicidad de 14 días (febrero 2014-marzo 2015). Se registraron cambios en: 1) formación de yemas florales, 2) floración, 3) fructificación, 4) dispersión de semillas, 5) presencia, 6) caída, y 7) brote de hojas; los cuales se relacionaron con la temperatura y precipitación. En marzo del 2014 se evaluó la arquitectura arbórea y se definió el tipo de crecimiento. La fenología de los taxa correspondió con la característica de selva baja caducifolia; aunque L. acapulcense tendió a mantener hojas durante mayor tiempo y fructificar cuando la humedad en el suelo fue menor. C. schiedeana requirió de precipitación para desarrollar yemas foliares (r = 0.60, P = 0.0004); mientras que su formación en T. chrysantha dependió del descenso en la temperatura (r = 0.58, P = 0.0008). La fructificación en L. acapulcense fue disminuyendo con temperaturas bajas (r = -0.90, P < 0.0001), esta última también destacó por su copa situada a mayor altura (P < 0.0001 ), más grande (P < 0.0001) y con ramas más largas (P < 0.0001); además, adoptó el modelo de crecimiento Troll; T. chrysantha presentó el modelo Leeuwenberg y C. schiedeana el de Attims. Se concluye que las tres especies tienen distintos patrones fenológicos y modelos arquitectónicos, pero pueden adaptarse a sistemas agroforestales asociándolos a cultivos.

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