Resumen El desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles sin defectos o con un número mínimo es un desafío importante para los programadores y los equipos de control de calidad. Las pruebas automatizadas de software pueden ser la clave para mejorar las pruebas de software manuales tradicionales, que a menudo requieren mucho tiempo y son repetitivas. Las aplicaciones móviles soportan funciones de interacción con el usuario, que son independientes de la lógica de la aplicación; entre ellas se incluyen funciones de presentación de contenido o navegación, rotación del dispositivo como desplazamiento, aumento o disminución de las pantallas. En este documento, se propone y evalúa una herramienta de pruebas de software automatizada. La herramienta integra funciones de interacción con el usuario, información histórica de defectos y un detector y descriptor de puntos de interés para identificar nuevos defectos. La herramienta demostró que funciona bien detectando defectos relacionados con las interacciones con el usuario.

Abstract Developing mobile applications without defects or in a minimum number is an important challenge for programmers and quality assurance teams. Automated software test can be the key to improve the traditional manual testing, often time consuming and repetitive. Mobile applications support user-interaction characteristics, which are independent from the application logic. They include content presentation or navigation features, such as scroll or zoom into screens, and a rotating device. In this paper, an automated testing framework is proposed and evaluated. This framework integrates user- interaction features, historical bug information, and an interest points detector and descriptor to identify new bugs. It has shown that it works well detecting bugs associated with user-interactions.

Abstract: Energy unbalance may be the cause of low fertility rates found in vicuñas. The objective of this study was to estimate the temporal variation of the nutritional status in pregnant vicuñas from a herd kept under captivity in the Chilean High Andes. The hypothesis under study is that animals are able to maintain the energy balance during the dry season. Six pregnant vicuñas were examined in August, October and January (year 2015-2016). Reproductive status was estimated by ultrasonography and plasma progesterone concentration. Live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS: 1-5 scale) were measured for each animal. A blood sample was taken to estimate the plasma concentrations of total protein (Biuret method), cholesterol (CHODPAP method), triglycerides (GPO-PAP method), p-hydroxybutyrate (enzymatic method) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; enzymatic colorimetric method). Vicuña groups had similar LW, BCS, plus similar plasma concentrations of metabolites, total protein and progesterone. Females did not increase their LW during gestation and their BCS in January (2.9) was below the recommendations for late pregnancy in camelids (BCS 3.5). NEFA and p-hydroxybutyrate values were higher than those expected under nutritional energy balance signalling a lipolytic and ketogenic metabolic response, respectively. The absence of weight gain and the values of NEFA and p-hydroxybutyrate show that pregnant vicuñas suffer a negative energy balance during the dry season in the Chilean High Andes. This can cause abortion and contribute to low fertility rates of the herds. It is suggested to provide pregnant vicuñas with food supplements up to birthing, in years of severe drought.

ABSTRACT: A poor nutritional state may explain the low fertility rates of domestic camelids from Puna herds. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional state of alpacas before the breeding period and their reproductive success. The body live weight (BLW) and body condition score (BCS; scale from 1-5) of 35 non-pregnant non-lactating alpacas from the Caquena bofedal in Chile were registered previous to the breeding period. In addition, blood samples were collected (heparinised tubes) to determine the plasma concentration of cholesterol (CHOD-PAP method), triglycerides (GPO-PAP method) and NEFA (enzymatic colorimetric method). Pregnancy was determined by trans-rectal ultrasonography (7.5 MHz, Samsung Madison, Korea) at the end of the breeding period. Data from Pregnant and Non-Pregnant groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS programme; P< 0.05). Pregnant (n=20) and Non-pregnant groups (n=15) had similar BLW (47.1 ± 8.8 compared to 52.8 ± 11.1 kg, respectively; P = 0.9), BCS (3.0 ± 0.4 compared to 3.1 ± 0.4, respectively; P = 0.5), plasma cholesterol (1.0 ± 0.4 compared to 0.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, respectively; P=0.7), triglycerides (0.3 ± 0.1 compared to 0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l, respectively; P = 0.3), and NEFA (0.6 ± 0.4 compared to 0.8 ± 0.6 mmol/l, respectively; P = 0.1) before the breeding period. NEFA values of both groups showed evidence of negative energy balance. The nutritional state of alpacas before the breeding period did not explain the differences obtained in their reproductive success.

Abstract Heliconias are grown for production of cut flowers, potted plants and indoor landscapes; however, they are affected by inadequate fertilization and poor water supply. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect produced by foliar and soil fertilization with biol, soil chemical fertilization and application of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on the growth of heliconia. A randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement (A x B x C) and four replicates was used: A) application of biol to the soil (20 mL∙plant-1), chemical fertilization (5 g∙plant-1 of 17-17-17 [N, P and K]), without application (control) and chemical fertilization + biol (5 g∙plant-1 of 17-17-17 + 20 mL∙plant-1, respectively); B) with and without the application of foliar biol (17 mL∙plant-1) and C) with and without application of SAP (2 g∙plant-1). During 180 days of evaluation, variables measured were: plant height, vigor, color, number of leaves, health, leaf area and number of shoots. The best treatments were chemical fertilization and the biol + chemical fertilizer combination. The interaction of these treatments showed the best values in plant height, health, number of leaves, leaf area, vigor and color. The chemical fertilization and biol + chemical fertilizer with SAP application treatments showed statistical differences in number of leaves, leaf area and vigor. Biol use showed significant differences, so it is suggested as a complement in heliconia fertilization. In addition, the use of substrates with a high level of organic matter is recommended as an alternative for water retention.

Resumen Las heliconias son cultivadas para producción de flores de corte, plantas en macetas y paisajes en interiores; sin embargo, son afectadas por la fertilización inadecuada y el abastecimiento deficiente de agua. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto producido por la fertilización foliar y al suelo con biol, fertilización química al suelo y aplicación de polímeros superabsorbentes (SAP) en el crecimiento de heliconia. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas subdivididas (A x B x C) con cuatro repeticiones: A) aplicación de biol al suelo (20 mL∙planta-1), fertilización química (5 g∙planta-1 de 17-17-17 [N, P y K]), sin aplicación (testigo) y fertilización química + biol ( 5 g∙planta-1 de 17-17-17 + 20 mL∙planta-1, respectivamente); B) con y sin la aplicación de biol foliar (17 mL∙planta-1) y C) con y sin aplicación de SAP (2 g∙planta-1). Durante 180 días de evaluación se midió: altura de planta, vigor, color, número de hojas, sanidad, área foliar y número de brotes. Los mejores tratamientos fueron la fertilización química y la combinación de biol + fertilizante químico. En la interacción los mejores tratamientos fueron altura de planta, sanidad, número de hojas, área foliar, vigor y color. La fertilización química y biol + fertilizante químico con aplicación de SAP mostraron diferencias estadísticas en número de hojas, área foliar y vigor. El uso de biol mostró diferencias significativas, por lo que se sugiere como complemento en la fertilización de heliconia, además del uso de sustratos con nivel alto de materia orgánica como alternativa para la retención de agua.