The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound impact on global health and socio-economic conditions. To date, various vaccines have been administered worldwide in an effort to curb the spread of the virus. Despite vaccination efforts, there have been complications. Existing antiviral drugs have shown limited effectiveness, prompting the use of computational methods to understand the dynamics of the virus and develop suitable treatments. The current study focuses on using biocompatible para-sulfonato-calix[4]arenes to dock against two key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase. Docking results indicate a strong binding affinity of these compounds to the target proteins, with higher scores compared to commonly used medications. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation validates the docking results, showing stable protein-ligand complexes over time. The compounds are also screened for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and toxicity, suggesting their potential as lead candidates for inhibiting the virus’s key proteins. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are recommended to confirm these findings. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV , (SARS-CoV-2) socioeconomic socio economic conditions date efforts complications effectiveness treatments parasulfonatocalix4arenes parasulfonatocalixarenes para sulfonato calix 4 arenes 2, SARS-CoV-2 RNAdependent dependent polymerase helicase medications MD (MD proteinligand protein ligand time absorption distribution metabolism toxicity viruss s However findings COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (SARS-CoV-2 parasulfonatocalix SARS-CoV- (COVID- (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV (COVID (SARS-CoV

ABSTRACT Purpose: Penile fracture (PF) affects 1,14 to 10,48 men in every 100.000 men in East Asia, and the primary aetiology is sexual intercourse, but the knowledge regarding the most dangerous sexual position is not well explained. This study compares three sexual positions: man on top position (MTP), woman on top position (WTP), and doggy style position (DSP), leading to PF potential. Materials and methods: A search of sexual position-related PF in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and PMC Europe was performed. Criteria inclusion was the full text of relevant articles which describ the number of sexual positions. It was analyzed by odds ratio, random model effect, and the OR and 95%CI were calculated. Results: Twelve relevant papers involving 490 patients comprised 169 MTP, 120 WTP, 158 DSP, and 43 no intercourse cases. Meta-analysis of all sexual positions was a MTP P= 0,04, WTP P=0,49, and DSP P=0,0005. Conclusions: The man-dominant positions (MTP and DSP) were significantly potential for PF, which speculated that when a man is dominant and very excited, intercourse may become highly vigorous and impact trauma. This study found that man's dominant position consists of DSP and the MTP significantly lead to PF. Purpose (PF 114 1 14 1,1 1048 10 48 10,4 100000 100 000 100.00 Asia explained , (MTP) (WTP) (DSP) methods positionrelated related Scholar PubMed Cochrane performed ratio effect 95CI CI 95 calculated Results 49 16 12 15 4 cases Metaanalysis Meta analysis P 004 0 04 0,04 P049 P=0,49 P00005 0005 P=0,0005 Conclusions mandominant excited trauma mans s 11 1, 104 10, 10000 00 100.0 (WTP (DSP 9 0,0 P04 P=0,4 P0000 P=0,000 1000 100. 0, P0 P=0, P000 P=0,00 P=0 P00 P=0,0

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) and the Big Five personality traits on the attainment of success in leadership positions within hospital administration. The researchers predicted the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and neuroticism, anticipating a negative link. Additionally, they projected a positive relationship between EI and the Big Five personality traits, specifically openness to experience, agreeableness, openness to new ideas, and extraversion. The primary objective of this study is to fill a void in the existing body of research by examining the relationship between personality, emotional intelligence (EI), and leadership effectiveness and performance. Our results indicate that the association between individual differences, leadership, and performance exist. This study did not examine the firm's performance metrics, but the disturbances' absorption of measurement errors in the endogenous regressors, which are independent of the exogenous, and minimize coefficient estimate biasesas as held by (Antonakakis et al., 2020). Individual predictors had a low to moderate effect on variation, but their aggregate influence accounted for 56% of transformational leadership variance and 26% of management leadership effectiveness variance. Our study supported merits consideration due to the implementation of controls such as age and managerial experience, the utilization of a longitudinal measure of effectiveness, and the mitigation of common method variance through the use of measures from different sources for predictors and criteria. (EI administration neuroticism link Additionally experience agreeableness ideas extraversion EI, , differences exist firms firm s metrics disturbances regressors exogenous Antonakakis al al. 2020. 2020 . 2020) variation 56 26 criteria 202 5 2 20

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o impacto da inteligência emocional (IE) e dos traços de personalidade Big Five na obtenção de sucesso em posições de liderança na administração hospitalar. Os pesquisadores previram a associação entre inteligência emocional (IE) e neuroticismo, antecipando uma ligação negativa. Além disso, projetaram uma relação positiva entre a IE e os traços de personalidade Big Five, especificamente Abertura à experiência, agradabilidade, Abertura a novas ideias e extroversão. O objetivo principal deste estudo é preencher uma lacuna no corpo de pesquisa existente, examinando a relação entre personalidade, inteligência emocional (IE) e eficácia e desempenho da liderança. Nossos resultados indicam uma associação entre diferenças individuais, liderança e desempenho. Este estudo não examinou a métrica de desempenho da empresa, mas a absorção dos distúrbios dos erros de medição nos regressores endógenos, que são independentes dos exógenos, minimiza vieses de estimativa de coeficientes, como sustentado por (Antonakakis et al., 2020). Os preditores individuais tiveram um efeito baixo a moderado na variação, mas sua influência agregada foi responsável por 56% da variância da liderança transformacional e 26% da variância da eficácia da liderança gerencial. Nosso estudo apoiou a consideração do mérito devido à implementação de controles como idade e experiência gerencial, a utilização de uma medida longitudinal de eficácia e a mitigação da variância comum do método através do uso de medidas de diferentes fontes para preditores e critérios. (IE hospitalar neuroticismo negativa disso agradabilidade extroversão existente empresa endógenos exógenos coeficientes Antonakakis al al. 2020. 2020 . 2020) variação 56 26 gerencial critérios 202 5 2 20

Abstract: Background: In a prior study, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffiths and Maubl. and Bipolaris bicolor (Mitra) Shoemaker., were found to suppress the growth of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, but limited information exists on their response to environmental factors and herbicides for integrated E. indica control. Objective: This study aimed to determine the tolerance levels of L. theobromae and B. bicolor to pH, temperature, photoperiod, relative humidity, and herbicides. Methods: The mycelia and conidia of L. theobromae and B. bicolor were exposed to a range of environmental conditions and herbicides in a controlled setting, including different levels of temperature (25, 30, 35 ⁰C), pH (4, 6, 8, 10), photoperiod (24 hours of darkness; alternating 12 hours of blue light followed by 12 hours of darkness; and alternating cycles of 6 hours of blue light and 6 hours of darkness), and relative humidity (75, 85, 95%). Herbicides such as topramezone, diuron, oxyfluorfen, and imazethapyr were applied at their recommended rates. Conidial germination was assessed by counting after an 18-hour incubation using a haemocytometer, while the diameter of mycelium growth was measured after 3 days of incubation, except for the herbicide effects evaluation, which were extended over 7 days. Results: Laboratory assays demonstrated that L. theobromae exhibited higher conidial germination of 85-95% and superior mycelial growth under varied pH, temperature, and photoperiod conditions compared to B. bicolor. Lasiodioplodia theobromae's mycelia remained unaffected by herbicides at full labelled rates, but they inhibited the conidial germination of the fungus. For B. bicolor, the conidia were not affected by imazethapyr and topramezone, but its mycelial growth was reduced by imazethapyr, oxyfluorfen, and diuron. Conclusions: These results indicate that the mycelia of L. theobromae presents a more favorable option for tank mixing with test herbicides, offering potential for the formulation of an integrated control strategy against E. indica. Abstract Background Pat. Pat (Pat. Maubl Mitra (Mitra Shoemaker Shoemaker. L (L. Gaertn E Objective B Methods setting 25, 25 (25 30 ⁰C, ⁰C C , ⁰C) 4, 4 (4 8 10, 10 10) 24 (2 darkness 1 darkness, darkness) 75, 75 (75 85 95%. 95 95% . 95%) topramezone diuron oxyfluorfen rates 18hour hour 18 haemocytometer evaluation Results 8595% 8595 85-95 theobromaes s fungus Conclusions (Pat (L 2 ( (7 9 859 85-9 85-

Abstract The aim of present study was the production of protease from local Bacillus subtilis through solid state fermentation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of all the culture conditions. Casein (1% w/v) was used as a substrate in nutrient agar medium for the screening of enzyme production potential and showed maximum zone of clearance (4.6 cm). It was identified as Bacillus subtilis K-5 by genetic identification based on 16S rRNA and blast technology of NCBI. Among culture conditions, incubation temperature, incubation time, pH of the medium and moisture level of the substrate were optimized. Maximum protease production was observed at 37oC, pH 9.0 with incubation time of 36 h and moisture to substrate ratio of 1: 0.75. Maximum protease production of 70.21 U/mL was recorded when wheat bran was used as an agro-industrial substrate. The activity of crude protease was observed 99.63 % at 60oC and pH 10.0 with protein concentration 0.63 mg/mL and specific activity of 111.56 U/mg. Protein contents of 0.57 mg/mL (specific activity of 124.72 U/mg) and protein contents of 0.44 mg/mL (specific activity of 143.65 U/mg) were observed by 70% saturation with ammonium sulphate and gel chromatography, respectively. Line Weaver Burk plot was used to find its Vmax and Km, which were 344. 83 mg/mL/min and 100.04 mg/mL, respectively. The study concluded that Bacillus subtilis K-5 is thermophilic and alkaliphilic strain which produces active protease and can be used as potential microorganism for industries. fermentation RSM (RSM conditions 1% 1 (1 w/v wv w v 4.6 46 4 6 (4. cm. cm . cm) K5 K 5 K- S NCBI temperature optimized 37oC oC 90 9 0 9. 3 075 75 0.75 7021 70 21 70.2 UmL U mL agroindustrial agro industrial 9963 99 63 99.6 100 10 10. 063 0.6 mgmL mg 11156 111 56 111.5 Umg U/mg 057 57 0.5 12472 124 72 124.7 044 44 0.4 14365 143 65 143.6 chromatography respectively Km 344 8 mgmLmin min 10004 04 100.0 industries ( 4. (4 07 7 0.7 702 2 70. 996 99. 06 0. 1115 11 111. 05 1247 12 124. 1436 14 143. 34 1000 100.

This research aims to examine the Indonesian Ulema Council's (MUI) fatwa strategy on COVID-19 vaccination booster, which employed religious narrations and laboratory test evidence to justify its arguments. Religious texts become ideological frames that are legitimate and effective in influencing the human senses. This study uses maqashid al-Qur'an as approach. Hence, the use of text of the Qur'an, hadith, and quotations from various ulema's opinions elucidates the vaccination aim under Islamic law. Based on the MUI fatwa, the primary purpose of the vaccinations is for the sake of national benefits, whereas, from the perspective of maqashid al-Qur'an, it mainly leads to the preservation of the Indonesian people's life as a whole. The COVID-19 vaccination carried out in Indonesia is for curative purposes; consequently, this programme is classified into the daruriyah [urgent] category. The results revealed that religious authority plays a crucial role in persuading its adherents. CONTRIBUTION: This research shows that interpreting the Qur'anic verses using the maqashid theory should also be integrated with a scientific approach for the benefit of humanity

Abstract Genetic diversity plays a critical role in crop improvement. Radish is one of the important vegetable crops of Rabi season, however, there is a lack of information about radish germplasm resources available in Pakistan. The present research was carried out to characterize radish gene pool on the basis of qualitative and quantitative traits. Twelve genotypes of radish comprised of local and exotic sources were evaluated for genetic variability through morphological, quality, and quantitative traits. Analysis of variance depicted maximum variation among genotypes for all studied straits. High genotypic co-efficient of variance (GCV) value (>20%) in all traits indicates that these traits can be improved through selection. The estimate of genotypic co-efficient of variance (GCV) in present research was closer to phenotypic co-efficient of variance (PCV), suggesting the key role of genotype as compared to the environment. However, high heritability along with genetic advance (as % of mean) among studied genotypes suggests that the selection of studied traits simply on phenotypic basis can also be effective for the breeding program. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits, grouped genotypes into three clusters and cluster I, contained the maximum number of genotypes. In correlation analysis, significant positive correlation among plant fresh weight, root length, root weight, number of leaves and yield can be directly used a selection criteria. Studying of variability in qualitative traits through frequency distribution exhibited maximum variation for root shape and root base. This study showed considerable variability exists in studied genotypes that can further be used for the improvement of radish breeding. season however Pakistan quality straits coefficient co efficient GCV (GCV >20% 20 (>20% PCV, PCV , (PCV) environment However mean program I weight length criteria base >20 2 (>20 (PCV >2 (>2 > (> (

Abstract The phytosociological survey was conducted during 2018-2020. The research area was classified into five ecological zones based on habitat, physiognomy and species composition. Pc-Ord software was used for cluster analysis and four vegetation communities were established. The Quercus baloot-Quercus incana community is situated in Sair at an altitude of 1196 (mean ± SE) m altitude with a 14.1 ± 0 slope angle and contains eleven tree species. The Pinus wallichiana- Ailanthus altissima community had a relatively small number of tree species reported in Shakawlie at 1556 (mean ± SE) with a 17.5 ± 0 slope angle. The Pinus wallichiana- Quercus incana community is distributed in Wali Kandao and Mangi Kandao at altitudes of 2030.5 (mean ± SE) m and the slope angle was 19.2 ± 1.4. This community possesses a total of twenty-one tree species and is highly diverse. Similarly, the Populus alba - Platanus orientalis group was present in Banr Pate, with an altitude of 1613 (mean ± SE) m and a 16.3 slope angle. The principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination methods were applied to study the relationships between ecological and soil variables with trees species. The NMS ordination of axis 1 was significantly correlated with Sand% (p<0.2), Nitrogen% (p<0.1) and Pb (mg/kg) (r= 0.876751, p<0.05), while the ordination of axis 2 was significantly correlated with Silt% (p<0.2), Sand% (p<0.2), Organic matter% (p<0.2), K (mg/kg) (r=0.882433, p<0.02), Fe (mg/kg)(r=0.614833, p<0.2), Ca (mg/kg) (r=0.721712, p< 0.2) and Zn (mg/kg) (r=0.609545, p<0.2). Similarly, the PCA ordination of axis 1 revealed that it was significantly correlated with phosphorus, calcium and slope angle, while that of axis 2 was significantly correlated with altitude, zinc and manganese. 20182020. 20182020 2018 2020. 2020 2018-2020 habitat composition PcOrd Pc Ord established balootQuercus baloot 119 mean SE 141 14 14. wallichiana 155 175 17 5 17. 20305 2030 2030. 192 19 19. 4 1.4 twentyone twenty one diverse Similarly Pate 161 163 16 3 16. (PCA nonmetric non metric (NMS Sand p<0.2, p02 p p<0.2 , (p<0.2) Nitrogen p<0.1 p01 (p<0.1 mg/kg mgkg mg kg (mg/kg r= r (r 0876751 876751 0.876751 p<0.05, p005 p<0.05 05 p<0.05) Silt matter r=0.882433, r0882433 882433 (r=0.882433 p<0.02, p002 p<0.02 02 p<0.02) mg/kgr=0.614833, mgkgr0614833 mgkgr r=0.614833, 614833 (mg/kg)(r=0.614833 p<0.2) r=0.721712, r0721712 721712 (r=0.721712 0.2 r=0.609545, r0609545 609545 (r=0.609545 p<0.2. . phosphorus manganese 2018202 201 202 2018-202 11 15 203 1. p0 p<0. (p<0.2 (p<0. 087675 87675 0.87675 p00 p<0.0 r=0.882433 r088243 88243 (r=0.88243 kgr mg/kgr=0.614833 mgkgr061483 r0614833 r=0.614833 61483 (mg/kg)(r=0.61483 r=0.721712 r072171 72171 (r=0.72171 0. r=0.609545 r060954 60954 (r=0.60954 201820 20 2018-20 p<0 (p<0 08767 8767 0.8767 r=0.88243 r08824 8824 (r=0.8824 mg/kgr=0.61483 mgkgr06148 r061483 r=0.61483 6148 (mg/kg)(r=0.6148 r=0.72171 r07217 7217 (r=0.7217 r=0.60954 r06095 6095 (r=0.6095 20182 2018-2 (p< 0876 876 0.876 r=0.8824 r0882 882 (r=0.882 mg/kgr=0.6148 mgkgr0614 r06148 r=0.6148 614 (mg/kg)(r=0.614 r=0.7217 r0721 721 (r=0.721 r=0.6095 r0609 609 (r=0.609 2018- (p 087 87 0.87 r=0.882 r088 88 (r=0.88 mg/kgr=0.614 mgkgr061 r0614 r=0.614 61 (mg/kg)(r=0.61 r=0.721 r072 72 (r=0.72 r=0.609 r060 60 (r=0.60 08 8 0.8 r=0.88 r08 (r=0.8 mg/kgr=0.61 mgkgr06 r061 r=0.61 6 (mg/kg)(r=0.6 r=0.72 r07 7 (r=0.7 r=0.60 r06 (r=0.6 r=0.8 r0 (r=0. mg/kgr=0.6 mgkgr0 r=0.6 (mg/kg)(r=0. r=0.7 r=0. (r=0 mg/kgr=0. (mg/kg)(r=0 r=0 mg/kgr=0 (mg/kg)(r= mg/kgr= (mg/kg)(r mg/kgr

Resumo O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado durante o período 2018-2020. A área de pesquisa foi classificada em cinco zonas ecológicas com base no habitat, na fisionomia e na composição de espécies. O software Pc-Ord foi utilizado para análise de agrupamento e quatro comunidades de vegetação foram estabelecidas. A comunidade Quercus baloot-Quercus incana está situada em Sair, a uma altitude de 1.196 m (média ± SE) de altitude, com um ângulo de inclinação de 14,1° ± 0, e contém 11 espécies de árvores. A comunidade Pinus wallichiana-Ailanthus altissima teve um número relativamente pequeno de espécies de árvores relatadas em Shakawlie, em 1.556 m (média ± SE) de altitude, com um ângulo de inclinação de 17,5° ± 0. A comunidade de Pinus wallichiana-Quercus incana está distribuída em Wali Kandao e Mangi Kandao, em altitude de 2.030,5 m (média ± SE) e ângulo de inclinação de 19,2° ± 1,4. Esta comunidade possui um total de 21 espécies de árvores e é altamente diversificada. Da mesma forma, o grupo Populus alba-Platanus orientalis esteve presente em Banr Pate, com altitude de 1.613 m (média ± SE) e ângulo de inclinação de 16,3°. Os métodos de análise de componentes principais (PCA) e ordenação de escala multidimensional não métrica (NMS) foram aplicados para estudar as relações entre variáveis ecológicas e de solo com espécies arbóreas. A ordenação NMS do eixo 1 foi significativamente correlacionada com as porcentagens de Areia (p<0,2), Nitrogênio (p<0,1) e Chumbo (mg/kg) (r=0,876751, p<0,05), enquanto a ordenação do eixo 2 foi significativamente correlacionada com as porcentagens de Silte (p<0,2), Areia (p<0,2), Matéria Orgânica (p<0,2), Potássio (mg/kg) (r=0,882433, p<0,02), Ferro (mg/kg) (r=0,614833, p<0,2), Cálcio (mg/kg) (r=0,721712, p< 0,2) e Zinco (mg/kg) (r=0,609545, p<0,2). Da mesma forma, a ordenação PCA do eixo 1 revelou que estava significativamente correlacionada com fósforo e cálcio, e ângulo de inclinação, enquanto a do eixo 2 estava significativamente correlacionada com zinco e manganês, e altitude. 20182020. 20182020 2018 2020. 2020 2018-2020 habitat PcOrd Pc Ord estabelecidas balootQuercus baloot Sair 1196 196 1.19 média SE 141 14 14,1 0 wallichianaAilanthus wallichiana Ailanthus Shakawlie 1556 556 1.55 175 17 5 17,5 wallichianaQuercus 20305 030 2.030, 192 19 19,2 4 1,4 diversificada forma albaPlatanus alba Platanus Pate 1613 613 1.61 163 16 3 16,3° (PCA (NMS arbóreas p<0,2, p02 p p<0,2 , (p<0,2) p<0,1 p01 (p<0,1 mg/kg mgkg mg kg (mg/kg r=0,876751, r0876751 r 876751 (r=0,876751 p<0,05, p005 p<0,05 05 p<0,05) r=0,882433, r0882433 882433 (r=0,882433 p<0,02, p002 p<0,02 02 p<0,02) r=0,614833, r0614833 614833 (r=0,614833 p<0,2) r=0,721712, r0721712 721712 (r=0,721712 0,2 r=0,609545, r0609545 609545 (r=0,609545 p<0,2. . cálcio manganês 2018202 201 202 2018-202 119 1.1 14, 155 55 1.5 17, 2030 03 2.030 19, 1, 161 61 1.6 16,3 p0 p<0, (p<0,2 (p<0, r=0,876751 r087675 87675 (r=0,87675 p00 p<0,0 r=0,882433 r088243 88243 (r=0,88243 r=0,614833 r061483 61483 (r=0,61483 r=0,721712 r072171 72171 (r=0,72171 r=0,609545 r060954 60954 (r=0,60954 201820 20 2018-20 1. 15 203 2.03 6 16, p<0 (p<0 r=0,87675 r08767 8767 (r=0,8767 r=0,88243 r08824 8824 (r=0,8824 r=0,61483 r06148 6148 (r=0,6148 r=0,72171 r07217 7217 (r=0,7217 r=0,60954 r06095 6095 (r=0,6095 20182 2018-2 2.0 (p< r=0,8767 r0876 876 (r=0,876 r=0,8824 r0882 882 (r=0,882 r=0,6148 r0614 614 (r=0,614 r=0,7217 r0721 721 (r=0,721 r=0,6095 r0609 609 (r=0,609 2018- 2. (p r=0,876 r087 87 (r=0,87 r=0,882 r088 88 (r=0,88 r=0,614 r061 (r=0,61 r=0,721 r072 72 (r=0,72 r=0,609 r060 60 (r=0,60 r=0,87 r08 8 (r=0,8 r=0,88 r=0,61 r06 (r=0,6 r=0,72 r07 7 (r=0,7 r=0,60 r=0,8 r0 (r=0, r=0,6 r=0,7 r=0, (r=0 r=0 (r= r= (r

Abstract The current study aimed to assess broccoli's phytochemical profile and determine its antioxidant activity. Fresh broccoli was procured from a local farm and divided into two major treatment groups (cooked and dried). There were five sub-treatments in the cooking group (conventional, microwave, boiling, blanching, and steaming) and three treatments in the drying group (sun drying, freeze drying, and hot air drying). Ascorbic acid content, total carotenoids, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity were evaluated for every sub-treatment. The results depicted that the antioxidant constituent of cooked broccoli was complementary to dried broccoli samples. The maximum amount of ascorbic acid content (10.80 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (3.976 mg/g), total phenolic contents (225.80 mg/g), and the total flavonoid contents (42.92 mg/g) were found in freeze-dried broccoli. Freeze-dried broccoli also showed the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH free radical scavenging assay (62.45%), hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay (53.67%), and ABTS radical scavenging assay (65.84%). broccolis s dried. . dried) subtreatments sub conventional, conventional (conventional microwave boiling blanching steaming sun drying. drying) TPC TFC subtreatment. subtreatment treatment. sub-treatment samples 10.80 1080 10 80 (10.8 mg100 mg 100 mg/10 g, g , g) 3.976 3976 3 976 (3.97 mg/g, mgg mg/g 225.80 22580 225 (225.8 42.92 4292 42 92 (42.9 freezedried Freezedried Freeze 62.45%, 6245 62.45% 62 45 (62.45%) 53.67%, 5367 53.67% 53 67 (53.67%) 65.84%. 6584 65.84% 65 84 (65.84%) 10.8 108 1 8 (10. mg10 mg/1 3.97 397 97 (3.9 225.8 2258 22 (225. 42.9 429 4 9 (42. 624 62.45 6 (62.45% 536 53.67 5 (53.67% 658 65.84 (65.84% 10. (10 mg1 mg/ 3.9 39 (3. 225. 2 (225 42. (42 62.4 (62.45 53.6 (53.67 65.8 (65.84 (1 3. (3 (22 (4 62. (62.4 53. (53.6 65. (65.8 ( (2 (62. (53. (65. (62 (53 (65 (6 (5

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a respiratory pathogen, which has the potential to cause brooder pneumonia in poultry chicks and aspergillosis in birds and farmers. Frequent and irrational use of antifungals has led to the development of resistance in the fungal species. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from four different spices against multi-drug resistant (MDR) A. fumigatus isolated from 40 poultry feed samples. Twenty fungal isolates were identified to be A. fumigatus based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, which were confirmed by targeting and amplifying the species-specific rodA gene (313 bp). Five (5/20) isolates were found to be MDR by the disk diffusion method. EOs were tested as an alternative strategy for 5 MDR isolates of A. fumigatus. Clove EO provided better activity by 6 log10 reduction for 30-90 min exposure as compared to other EOs, therefore, shortlisted for well-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Clove EO provided promising results as compared to fluconazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, nystatin and voriconazole as its mean ZOI (39.6 ± 6.34) were better than all other commercial antifungals (p< 0.001). Mean MIC was reported to be 0.195 ± 0.11 µl/ml. Safety testing of the EO produced 74-82% cell viability for the range of 0.390 - 0.097 µl/ml as compared to DMSO. Findings of the present study highlight that clove EO can be source of a good therapeutic agent for infections of MDR isolates of A. fumigatus. pathogen farmers species (EOs multidrug multi drug (MDR A 4 samples characteristics speciesspecific specific 313 (31 bp. bp . bp) 5/20 520 20 (5/20 method log log1 3090 30 90 30-9 therefore welldiffusion well (MIC fluconazole B ketoconazole 39.6 396 39 (39. 6.34 634 34 p< p (p 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) 0195 195 0.19 011 11 0.1 µlml µl ml 7482% 7482 74 82% 82 74-82 0390 390 0.39 0097 097 0.09 DMSO 31 (3 5/2 52 2 (5/2 309 3 9 30- 39. (39 6.3 63 000 0.00 00 019 19 01 1 0. 748 7 8 74-8 039 0.3 009 09 0.0 ( 5/ (5/ 6. 74- 03 (5

RESUMO Aspergillus fumigatus é um patógeno respiratório, que tem o potencial de causar pneumonia incubadora em pintos e aspergilose em aves e criadores. O uso frequente e irracional de antifúngicos tem levado ao desenvolvimento de resistência nas espécies fúngicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais (OEs) de quatro diferentes especiarias contra A. fumigatus multirresistente (MDR) isolado de 40 amostras de ração de aves. Vinte isolados fúngicos foram identificados como A. fumigatus com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas, que foram confirmadas pelo direcionamento e amplificação do gene rodA espécie-específico (313 pb). Cinco (5/20) isolados foram considerados MDR pelo método de difusão em disco. OEs foram testados como uma estratégia alternativa para 5 isolados MDR de A. fumigatus. Clove EO forneceu melhor atividade por redução de 6 log10 para exposição de 30-90 min em comparação com outros OEs, portanto, pré-selecionado para difusão e método de concentração inibitória mínima (MIC). Clove EO forneceu resultados promissores em comparação com fluconazol, anfotericina B, cetoconazol, nistatina e voriconazol, com ZOI médio (39,6 ± 6,34) melhor do que todos os outros antifúngicos comerciais (p < 0,001). A MIC média foi de 0,195 ± 0,11 µl/ml. O teste de segurança do EO produziu 74-82% de viabilidade celular para a faixa de 0,390 - 0,097 µl/ml em comparação com DMSO. Os resultados do presente estudo destacam que o EO de cravo pode ser fonte de um bom agente terapêutico para infecções de isolados multirresistentes de A. fumigatus. respiratório criadores fúngicas (OEs (MDR 4 microscópicas espécieespecífico espécie específico 313 (31 pb. pb . pb) 5/20 520 20 (5/20 disco log log1 3090 30 90 30-9 portanto préselecionado pré selecionado MIC. (MIC) fluconazol B cetoconazol voriconazol 39,6 396 39 (39, 6,34 634 34 p 0,001. 0001 0,001 0 001 0,001) 0195 195 0,19 011 11 0,1 µlml µl ml 7482% 7482 74 82% 82 74-82 0390 390 0,39 0097 097 0,09 DMSO 31 (3 5/2 52 2 (5/2 309 3 9 30- (MIC 39, (39 6,3 63 000 0,00 00 019 19 01 1 0, 748 7 8 74-8 039 0,3 009 09 0,0 ( 5/ (5/ 6, 74- 03 (5

Abstract Precise cost estimation is the first and crucial step for decision-makers at the planning stage of product development. Due to the unavailability of knowledge and the complex nature of manufacturing processes, materials, and product designs, the selection of suitable alternatives based on estimated cost has become more challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a knowledge-based system (KBS) for assisting decision-makers in identifying suitable alternatives for precise cost estimation in a mistake-proof environment. The system architecture is comprised of three layers namely the database layer, application layer, and end-user layer, and developed using knowledge-based engineering, set-based concurrent engineering, and poke-yoke as lean enabling approaches. Based on the captured knowledge through industrial investigation and experimentation, a real-time system application was developed using C# language and validated using a real case study in the foundry industry using sand casting as the manufacturing process. It ensured the validity of the developed system. KBS provides an extensive tool to decision-makers for accurate decision-making at the design stage using cost and other associated values. Further, it facilitates the practitioners of every business sector to capture, save, and use the identified knowledge for problem-solving in the future. decisionmakers decision makers processes materials designs challenging knowledgebased (KBS mistakeproof mistake proof environment layer enduser end user engineering setbased set pokeyoke poke yoke approaches experimentation realtime time C process decisionmaking making values Further capture save problemsolving problem solving future

Abstract Nanoemulsions are nanoscale self-assembled entities which are manufactured for improving the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Nanoemulsion technology is one of the best ways to encapsulate the functional components as it enhances the stability and bioavailability of the compound. In the present study, nanoemulsions were prepared by ultrasonic homogenization of dispersed phase (10-22%) and surfactants (3-9%) with vitamin A (0.25-2.5%). Nanoemulsions were characterized through various optical techniques and stability was assessed using thermal shock and freeze-thaw cycle. The results revealed that nanoemulsions with high percentage of surfactants were more stable and retained smaller particle size as compared to nanoemulsions with low surfactants percentage and high dispersed phase, contributed to phase separation and colour change. These emulsions can be further tested for any toxic/allergic effect on the biological model and may be incorporated into food products. selfassembled self assembled ingredients compound study 1022% 1022 10 22% 22 (10-22% 39% 39 3 9% 9 (3-9% 0.252.5%. 02525 0.25 2.5% . 0 25 2 5 (0.25-2.5%) freezethaw freeze thaw cycle change toxicallergic toxic allergic products 102 1 (10-22 (3-9 252 0.252.5% 0252 025 0.2 2.5 (0.25-2.5% (10-2 (3- 0.252.5 02 0. 2. (0.25-2.5 (10- (3 0.252. (0.25-2. (10 ( 0.252 (0.25-2 (1 (0.25- (0.25 (0.2 (0. (0

Abstract The current study aimed at the quinoa-wheat composite flour's characterization (including total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity) as well as its effect on dry cake sensory quality. Findings revealed a rise in ash content, fat, protein, and crude fiber of composite-flour (0.56-1.23%, 1.13-1.76%, 10.14-11.02%, and 0.23-1.04%, respectively) with an increase of quinoa flour (5-20%). The addition of quinoa flour to the composite flour enhanced cake texture (0.26-.70 kg), but it also decreased L-value of cake crumb (55.29-50.73). Total flavonoids (56.44-59.48 mg QE/100 g) and antioxidant activity (4.66-9.76%) increased as quinoa flour was increased, whereas total phenolics (8.68-5.46 mgGAE/g) decreased. By mixing wheat flour with quinoa flour, the nutritional value of wheat flour was increased. During sensory evaluation, the cake made from composite-flour containing 10% quinoa-flour scored the highest overall acceptability. Sensory quality of last two treatments, which included 15% and 20% quinoa flour, was lower. Quinoa seeds had a better nutritional profile than wheat, with higher levels of amino acids, minerals, dietary fibers, and oil. Since wheat is a staple food in Pakistan, adding quinoa-flour would help to reduce malnutrition in Pakistan. Furthermore, no previous research on the suitability of quinoa-wheat flour for dry cake has been conducted on Pakistani wheat flour.

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate functional potential of Aloe vera juice against (CCl4 induced) hepatotoxicity using animal model. Biochemical analyses including liver, renal enzymes, bone biomarkers and lipid profile were conducted after 4 weeks of oral Aloe vera juice administration. Liver enzymes, AST, ALP and total bilirubin were reduced up to 15-7%, 60-32.52% and 29-48%, respectively in Aloe vera juice treated rats i.e., 10 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg doses. Reduction in serum cholesterol (8%), LDL (12%) and triglycerides (15%) were observed. Urea was significantly reduced up to 11% which further reduced up to 30% at higher dose. Increased content of serum proteins (23-50%) and albumin (40-116%) were found at the different doses. Vitamin D was found maximum in G4 i.e., 38.63 mg/dL as compared to lowest i.e., 5.12 mg/dL in G2, similarly improvement in calcium i.e., 11-22% was observed in G3 and G4. The serum oxidative stress markers indicated raised superoxide dismutase (9%), glutathione (15%), catalase (9%) and reduced lipid peroxidation 78% at higher concentration of Aloe vera juice consumption. In addition, histological evaluation also depicted positive impact on hepatic and renal portfolio in all treated rats. All of the findings enlighten the potential of Aloe vera juice as a functional beverage.

BACKGROUND: In the current era, innovation has become the basis for the success of all industries. In reality, fast innovation facilitated by rapidly changing technological discoveries is critical to global economic progress. AIM: The primary goal of this article is to examine the effect of knowledge exchange and development of supervisory support, trust, training, information technology, and industrial cluster resources on innovation capabilities in the dairy sector of Pakistan. SETTING: From a total of 520 small and medium enterprise (SMEs) dairy farms, 227 owners and managers were carefully chosen to participate in the survey. METHOD: The current study's research framework was based on the resources and diffusion of innovation perspective theories. The data were gathered from dairy farm owners and managers in Punjab, Pakistan. SmartPLS-SEM was used to examine the multivariate connection among the variables. RESULTS: The current research finds that training and development, supervisory assistance, and industrial cluster resources strongly influence knowledge sharing. Furthermore, trust has a favourable influence on innovative capabilities. However, the mediation effect of knowledge sharing (KS) did not support information technology (IT) training and development (T) and innovative capabilities (IC CONCLUSION: According to findings in the study, T as a form of learning connect employees through the sharing of new ideas, allowing the business to improve and the concept to be modified. This study found that supervisory assistance significantly impacts innovative capabilities and knowledge sharing.