Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations.

ABSTRACT Objectives Individuals with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) in Northeastern Brazil have a normal lifespan with a prolonged healthspan. We hypothesize that their increased healthspan is accompanied by a reduced cognitive decline during aging. We have recently shown that these individuals have a similar total cognitive function and better attention and executive function than controls. These data were obtained using a Portuguese version of the Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) instrument, whose translation to facilitate cognitive research in Portuguese-speaking countries is described here. Subjects and methods In the first stage, a psychologist and a psychiatrist translated the LICA instrument from English into Portuguese, and an English teacher proofread the translation. The second stage included its synthesis and cultural adaptation, carried out by Brazilian authors, and changes in some words and images. The third stage involved an evaluation round with two referees (independent psychologists). The fourth stage involved a back translation of the instrument, which demonstrated > 95% agreement with the original version. The fifth stage included a study to verify the understanding of the questionnaire by responders. In the sixth stage, an endocrinologist and a psychiatrist approved the final Portuguese version of the instrument, which was then administered to 15 individuals with IGHD and 15 controls older than 50 years. Results The LICA instrument was applied 59 times (5 times in the pilot study, 24 in the variability studies, and 30 in the experimental step). The interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were 99% and 96%, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76, indicating good reliability. The mean (± standard deviation) duration of the application was 39 ± 8.6 and 48.5 ± 5.8 minutes in literate and illiterate individuals, respectively. Conclusion The Portuguese version of the LICA instrument was valuable for the cognitive assessment of individuals with Itabaianinha syndrome.

Abstract Citrus bergamia is a citric species known as bergamot. The species is widely used due to its derivatives, such as juices, extracts, and essential oil. Specifically, the bergamot essential oil (BEO) is of great interest, with a chemical composition rich in terpenes and esters. Considering its chemical composition, bioactivity, and great economic potential, the characterization of BEO should be studied. However, this essential oil is almost unexplored in terms of a characterization associated with colloids. Chemical characterization was carried out by gas-chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and by gas-chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was carried out to confirm the bioactivity of this important essential oil. Dynamic light scattering analysis was performed to create a pattern of droplet size distribution of BEO. Major compounds of BEO were linalyl acetate, limonene, and linalool. The BEO was active against E. coli and presented a MIC value of 2.000 µg/mL, while values of MIC and MBC higher than 2.000 µg/mL were observed for S. aureus. The dynamic light scattering analysis revealed a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 65.7 ± 2.2 nm. After a 1:10 dilution it was observed reduction of mean diameter and enhancement of the percentagem of low size droplets, resepctively 44.1 ± 1.2 nm and 14.5 ± 0.5 nm (28.8 ± 1.2%). Higher droplets and reduced polydispersity index were observed after 1:100 dilution. In the present study, the chemical characterization was in accordance with the species, as the characteristic chemical markers of the species were found. Moreover, it has presented antibacterial activity as expected for the BEO. The analysis of the colloid showed a pattern of droplet size distribution following the Ostwald ripening mechanism after dilution.

Resumo Citrus bergamia é uma espécie cítrica conhecida como bergamota amplamente utilizada industrialmente devido aos seus derivados, como sucos, extratos e óleo essencial. Especificamente o óleo essencial de bergamota (OEB) é de grande interesse, com uma composição química rica em terpenos e seus ésteres. Devido a sua composição química, bioatividade e grande interesse econômico, a caracterização do OEB deve ser alvo de estudos. No entanto, esse óleo essencial é praticamente inexplorado em termos de uma caracterização associada a coloides. Sua caracterização foi feita por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrômetro de massas e cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a detector de ionização de chamas. Atividade antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Escherchia coli foi realizada para confirmar a bioatividade do óleo essencial. Análise por espalhamento dinâmico da luz foi feita para criar um padrão de distribuição de tamanho de gotícula. Os constituintes majoritários foram o acetato de linalila, limoneno e linalool. O OEB foi ativo frente à E. coli, apresentando um valor de CMI igual à 2.000 µg/mL, enquanto values de CMI e CMB maiores do que 2.000 µg/mL foram observados frente à S. aureus.. A análise por espalhamento dinâmico da luz revelou um diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio de 65.7 ± 2.2 nm. Após diluição de 1:10, houve redução do diâmetro médio acompanhado de aumento do percentual de gotículas de baixo tamanho (14.5 ± 0.5 nm, 28.8 ± 1.2%). Foi observado aumento do tamanho e redução do índice de polidispersividade após uma maior diluição (1:100). Discussão: No presente estudo, a caracterização química está em consonância com a espécie, sendo encontrados os marcadores químicos da mesma. Além disso, o OEB apresentou a atividade antibacteriana esperada. A análise do coloide mostrou um padrão de distribuição de tamanho de gotícula de acordo com o mecanismo de Maturação de Ostwald após diluição.

RESUMEN El uso de aceites esenciales de plantas há sido adoptado como menos peligroso para el medio ambiente y la salud humana que los insecticidas sintéticos utilizados para el control de insectos portadores de enfermedades. A pesar de ejercer actividades insecticidas contra varios insectos vectores de enfermedades, los impactos potenciales en los organismos no objetivo ejercidos por los aceites esenciales extraídos de Lippia sidoides (Cham.) no han recibido la atención adecuada. Evaluamos la susceptibilidad y los posibles cambios en las tasas de consumo de las abejas melíferas, Apis mellifera (L.), cuando se exponen a aceites esenciales extraídos de L. sidoides. Se expuso a las abejas recolectoras a jarabe de miel (50% v / v) que contenía aceite esencial de L. sidoides durante 5 h. Después de este período de exposición, las abejas recibieron jarabe de miel regular durante otro período de 19 h. Se utilizaron seis concentraciones de aceite essencial: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 y 3.5 µL de aceite esencial / mL de jarabe, y se evaluó el consumo de jarabe y la mortalidad de las abejas en ambos períodos (5 y 24 h). Los resultados revelan que, independientemente de la concentración de aceite esencial, las abejas recolectoras se alimentaron significativamente menos de jarabe de miel que contenía aceite esencial de L. sidoides. Sin embargo, la alimentación con jarabe de miel que contiene aceites esenciales de L. sidoides no causó una mortalidad significativa en comparación con las abejas que no estuvieron expuestas a los aceites esenciales. Por lo tanto, los resultados demuestran que los aceites esenciales de L. sidoides exhibieron una selectividad adecuada contra las abejas melíferas.

ABSTRACT The use of plant essential oils has been adopted as less hazardous to the environment and human health than synthetic insecticides used for the control of insects that transmit diseases. Despite of exerting insecticidal activities against several insect disease vectors, the potential impacts on non-target organisms exerted by essential oils extracted from Lippia sidoides (Cham.) have not received adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and potential changes in consumption rates of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.), when exposed to essential oils extracted from L. sidoides. Was exposed forager bees to honey syrup (50% v/v) containing L. sidoides essential oil for 5 h. After this exposure period, the bees received regular honey syrup for another 19 h period. Six essential oil concentrations was used, namely 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 µL of essential oil/mL of syrup, and evaluated the syrup consumption and bees mortality in both periods (at the 5th and 24th h). The results reveal that independent of the essential oil concentration, the forager bees fed significantly less on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup. However, feeding on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup did not cause significant mortality when compared with bees that were not exposed to the essential oils. Thus, the results demonstrate that L. sidoides essential oils exhibited adequate selectivity against honey bees.

O bioma Pampa possui uma das maiores diversidades de vegetação campestre, e está localizado na região sul do Brasil, tendo continuidade no Uruguai e Argentina, ocupando aproximadamente 37% do território do estado do Rio Grande do Sul com pastagens naturais. Os micro-organismos presentes no solo desempenham um importante papel nos ciclos da comunidade do bioma Pampa. A interação entre estes micro-organismos contribui para o equilíbrio dos agroecossis temas, influenciando de forma benéfica as espécies nativas do bioma. Organismos fitopatogênicos presentes em áreas do bioma Pampa interferem de várias formas no desenvolvimento das populações de espécies nativas que a habitam, causando problemas na germinação de sementes e lesões em plântulas. Micorrizas arbusculares exercem efeitos benéficos, representando uma potencial ferramenta biológica para reabilitação de áreas degradadas do bioma Pampa. As rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (RPCP) influenciam o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, incrementando a absorção de água, auxiliando plantas a se desenvolverem em condições hídricas limitantes. O estudo da interação entre micro-organismos e espécies nativas do bioma Pampa constitui-se em um novo enfoque de pesquisa pelo qual objetiva-se elaborar alternativas de manejo sustentável da vegetação e de recuperação de áreas degradadas, considerando os efeitos benéficos da microbiota às plantas.

The Pampa biome has one of the largest diversity in campestral vegetation and is located in the south region of Brazil, having continuity in Uruguay and Argentina; occupying 37% of the territories of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The microorganisms present in the soil have an important role in the Pampa biome. The interaction between these micro organisms contributes to the balance of agro ecosystems, developing a beneficial influence on the native species of the biome. Phytopathogenic organisms that are present in areas occupied by the Pampa biome interfere in the development of populations of native species that inhabit it, causing problems in germination of seeds and lesions in seedlings. Arbuscular mycorrhizas develop beneficial effects, representing a potential alternative for the rehabilitation of degraded areas. The Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have influence on the development of the root system, heightening the water absorption, helping plants to develop under water stress conditions. The study of the interaction between microorganisms and native species of the Pampa biome represents a new approach of research which aims to elaborate alternatives for the sustainable management of vegetation and rehabilitation of degraded areas, considering the beneficial effects of rhizospheric microbiome to the plants.

Objetivo. Analizar las complicaciones de pacientes intervenidos mediante abordaje cervical anterior en la patología de la columna. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de 193 casos clínicos, entre Diciembre de 1989 y Diciembre de 2004, en el Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona, donde se analizaron las complicaciones surgidas con el abordaje cervical anterior y su relación con las distintas técnicas aplicadas. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo), variables clínicas (sintomatología inicial, origen de la patología cervical, tipo de complicación, y tiempo de duración de la complicación) y quirúrgicas (número de niveles intervenidos, nivel intervenido, tipo de intervención realizada, tipo de injerto utilizado). A partir de los datos obtenidos se realizó un análisis estadístico con modelos de análisis multivariante, con la prueba de T-Student y con el test de Chi-cuadrado para analizar la relación entre las complicaciones y las distintas variables estudiadas. Resultados. De todos los individuos estudiados (193), hallamos complicaciones en 50 pacientes (25,91%). De ellas, la más frecuente fue la disfagia, presente en 15 pacientes. La mayoría de ellas se presentaron de forma transitoria (13 pacientes) y en muy pocas ocasiones de forma permanente (2 pacientes). El análisis estadístico mediante la prueba de la T de Student mostró que no existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,431) entre las edades de los pacientes que habían presentado complicaciones frente a los que no, y tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, utilizado el test de la Chi-cuadrado, respecto el sexo (p=0,515), síntomas iniciales (p=0,923), origen de la patología (p=0,364), tipo de intervención realizada (p=0,295), y tipo de injerto utilizado (p=0,382). Donde sí encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas fue en el número de niveles intervenidos (p=0,018) con una razón de las ventajas para el número de nivelesúnico/múltiple) de 2,221. Con el análisis multivariante siguiendo en modelo de regresión lineal considerando edad, sexo y número de niveles intervenidos, observamos que persistía el riesgo de complicaciones del número de espacios intervenidos, independientemente de la edad o el sexo, siendo los múltiples espacios un 117,3% más frecuente que la intervención de un único (OR 2,173; IC95% 1,104-4,279) Conclusiones. 1. La cirugía de la columna cervical por vía anterior, es una técnica simple, y un procedimiento quirúrgicamente seguro con un número bajo de complicaciones. 2. La disfagia es la complicación más frecuente, pero que se encuentra casi inherente al procedimiento y en la mayoría de ocasiones se resuelve sin tratamiento. 3. Han sido muchos los procedimientos utilizados para la fijación de la columna cervical, con más de 40 años de experiencia, y aún queda por definir cual es el mejor. Harían falta más estudios de carácter multicéntrico y de cohorte prospectiva para poder comparar resultados clínicos, radiológicos, y la presencia de complicaciones.

Objective. To analyze cervical discectomy complications with anterior approach. Material and methods. Retrospectively clinical cases series of 193 patients, between December 1989 to December 2004, in the Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol in Badalona. We analyzed complications arisen with cervical anterior approach and its relation with differents procedures. Demographic variables (age, sex), clinical variables (onset symptoms, cervical pathology cause, complication type, and duration time) and surgical variables (operated levels number, procedure, graft used) were analyzed. We made a statistical analysis with multivariant analysis, T-Student test and Chi-square test to analyze the relation between the complicationsand different studied variables. Results. We found complications in 50 patients (25,91%). Most frequent has been dysphagia, present in 15 patients. Most of them appear with transitory form (13 patients) and in very few occasions permanent form (2 patients). T-Student test in statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences (p=0,431) between the ages and complications, and were not statistically significant differences, used Chi-square test, in sex (p=0,515), in onset symptoms (p=0,923), in pathology origin (p=0,364), in a procedure(p=0,295), and graft used (p=0,382). We found statistically significant differences in operated levels number (p=0,018) with a ratio for the advantages (single /multiple) of 2,221. Multivariant analysis with linear regression model considering age, sex and operated levels number, showed that persistist the risk of complications in operated number levels, independently of the age or sex, being the multiple spaces a 117.3% more frequent than the single space (OR 2,173; IC95% 1,104-4,279). Conclusions. 1. Cervical anterior approach, is a simple technique, and safe surgically procedure with under number of complications. 2. Dysphagia is most frequent complication, but it is inherent to the procedure and it is solved without treatment in most ocasions. 3. Have been many the procedures used for the cervical spine fixation, with more than 40 years of experience, and still it is to define as he is the best one. It would be necessary more studies of prospective multicentric character to be able to compare clinical, radiological results, and the presence of complications.

Due to the high industrial competitiveness, the rigorous laws of environmental protection, the necessary reduction of costs, the mechanical industry sees itself forced to worry more and more with the refinement of your processes and products. In this context, can be mentioned the need to eliminate the roundness errors that appear after the grinding process. This work has the objective of verifying if optimized nozzles for the application of cutting fluid in the grinding process can minimize the formation of the roundness errors and the diametrical wear of grinding wheel in the machining of the steel VC 131 with 60 HRc, when compared to the conventional nozzles. These nozzles were analyzed using two types of grinding wheels and two different cutting fluids. Was verified that the nozzle of 3mm of diameter, integral oil and the CBN grinding wheel, were the best options to obtain smaller roundness errors and the lowest diametrical wears of grinding wheels.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia confiável e de execução rápida para a avaliação do desgaste abrasivo entre as cerâmicas Duceram e Vita nas resinas compostas Z-100 e Charisma. Estes materiais são amplamente utilizados nos consultórios e clínicas dentais para restaurações funcionais e estéticas dos dentes. Para avaliar o desgaste abrasivo entre os materiais, um disco dinâmico revestido com porcelana foi utilizado sobre um disco estático revestido com resina. Os resultados indicaram que a cerâmica Vita apresenta desgaste inferior a Duceram nas resinas analisadas.

This work presents a fast and trustworthy methodology for the evaluation of the abrasive wear between the ceramics Duceram and Vita and the composites resins Z-100 and Charisma. These materials are widely used in dental clinics to restoration of function and aesthetics of the teeth. To evaluate the abrasive wear between the materials, a dynamic disk covered with ceramic was used contrary to a static disk covered with resin. The results showed that Vita presents an inferior wear against Duceram in the resins tested.

Iodoidrinas são intermediários úteis em síntese orgânica, por exemplo, na obtenção de epóxidos. Aqui é descrita a preparação de iodoidrinas com bons rendimentos, a partir da reação de alquenos (ciclo-hexeno, estireno, a-metil-estireno e 1-octeno) com iodo e água, à temperatura ambiente, em presença de argilas ácidas comerciais (K-10 e KSF) e argilas naturais brasileiras (F-101 e F-117), sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com as argilas naturais brasileiras (61-90%). As análises de DRX das argilas confirmaram tratarem-se de argilominerais do grupo das esmectitas, havendo outros minerais de argila presentes na KSF, K-10 e F-117.

Iodohydrins are useful intermediates in organic synthesis for the preparation of epoxides. Herein is reported the preparation of iodohydrins in good yields by the reaction of alkenes (ciclohexene, styrene, a-methylstyrene, and 1-octene) with iodine and water at room temperature, in presence of acid commercial clays (K-10 and KSF) and natural Brazilian clays (F-101 and F-117), being the best results obtained with Brazilian clays (61-90%). The XRD results confirmed that the clays belong to the smectite clay-mineral group and K-10, KSF and F-117 have other clay-minerals in their structures.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é a avaliação da influência das condições de usinagem na superfície gerada de cerâmicas avançadas retificadas com rebolo diamantado com ligante resinóide. A qualidade superficial foi analisada utilizando-se a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV)

The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of grinding and cutting conditions on surfaces of advanced ceramics ground with diamond grinding wheels containing a binding resin bond. The quality surface was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

We report herein on a comparison of the performance of two different grinding wheels (conventional and CBN) in the transverse cylindrical grinding of a eutectic alloy. Three cutting conditions were tested: rough, semi-finishing and finishing. The parameters of evaluation were the cutting force, roughness and wheel wear. The optimal cutting force and roughness values were obtained when grinding with the conventional wheel, due to the superior dressing operation performed under every cutting condition tested. Although the CBN wheel presented the best G ratio values, they were lower than expected owing to the inappropriate dressing operation applied. Excessive wheel corner wear was detected in both wheels, caused by the grinding kinematics (transverse grinding) employed. In terms of cutting force and roughness, the conventional wheel proved to be the better choice under the conditions tested. However, in terms of the G ratio, a cost analysis is crucial to determine whether the differences between the wheels justify the use of the CBN wheel, in which case the dressing operation requires improvement.

As infecções hospitalares representam um aumento na morbidade e mortalidade de pacientes internados, com significativo aumento no custo de internação hospitalar. Teve-se como objetivo fazer uma análise epidemiológica de casos de infecção hospitalar ocorridos num Hospital Universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, foram analisadas 238 cepas isoladas a partir de 14 espécimens clínicos diferentes oriundos de 166 pacientes internados no período de 08 de 1995 a 07 de 1997. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 33,4 anos, 72,9% faziam uso de antimicrobiano antes de apresentar a cultura positiva, as patologias de risco mais comuns foram: Cirurgia (19,3%), HIV ou AIDS positivo (18,1%) e Patologia Pulmonar (16,9%). Foram identificadas 24 espécies bacterianas distintas, com predominância de S. aureus (21%) e P. aeruginosa (18,5%). Foram detectados 36% de MRSA (Methicilin Resistant S. aureus). Os Gram negativos apresentaram altos níveis de resistência para aminoglicosídeos e cefalosporinas. Foi detectado um surto de diarréia em berçário patológico, provocado pela Salmonella sorovar Infantis, com altos níveis de resistência para antimicrobianos e um plasmídio de alto peso molecular (98Mda), codificador do fator R.

Hospital infections cause an increase in morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients with significant rise in hospital costs. The aim of this work was an epidemiological analysis of hospital infection cases occurred in a public University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Hence, 238 strains were isolated from 14 different clinical materials of 166 patients hospitalized in the period between August 1995 and July 1997. The average age of the patients was 33.4 years, 72.9% used antimicrobials before having a positive culture. The most common risk conditions were surgery (19.3%), positive HIV or AIDS (18.1%) and lung disease (16.9%). 24 different bacterial species were identified, S. aureus (21%) and P. aeruginosa (18.5%) were predominant. Among 50 S. aureus isolated strains 36% were classified as MRSA (Methicillin Resistant S. aureus). The Gram negative bacteria presented high resistance to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. A diarrhea outbreak, detected in high-risk neonatology ward, was caused by Salmonella serovar Infantis strain, with high antimicrobial resistance and a plasmid of high molecular weight (98Mda) containing virulence genes and positive for R factor.