Abstract The effect of the calcination temperature at 800 and 1000 °C on the stable formation of the tricalcium phosphate with rhombohedral structure in the system of the hexagonal crystal family was determined, while its precursor was made from limestone obtained from nature in the Lumajang district, Indonesia. The rhombohedral tricalcium phosphate samples were prepared by sol-gel routine, then examined by several tests, such as, Fourie transform infrared spectroscopy to study the deficiency of -OH, X-ray diffraction test to study the microstructure of the tricalcium phosphate with the rhombohedral structure in a hexagonal crystal system, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry tests to study thermal characteristics, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to study the surface topography and to obtain the atomic ratio Ca/P ~1.5. Finally, the UV-vis test found the optical energy gap, Eg, from ~5.34 to ~5.41 eV for the sample calcined at 800 °C and Eg ~5.19 to ~5.21 eV at 1000 °C. 80 100 C determined district Indonesia solgel sol gel routine as OH, OH -OH Xray X ray characteristics CaP Ca P 15 1 5 ~1.5 Finally UVvis UV vis gap 534 34 ~5.3 541 41 ~5.4 519 19 ~5.1 521 21 ~5.2 8 10 ~1. 53 3 ~5. 54 4 51 52 2 ~1 ~5 ~

ABSTRACT A variety of organic compounds and their metabolites used in pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP´s) are continuously introduced into the environment by domestic or industrial wastewater. Solid phase extraction (polymeric dinivylbenzene cartridge) and stir bar sorptive extraction (polydimethylsiloxane phase) methodologies were optimized for the determination of some selected PPCP´s in aqueous matrices. Carbamazepine, β estradiol, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)champhor, benzophenone-1 and ibuprofen were extracted from aqueous samples and methanol was used as conditioning/eluting solvent. The variables involved in the extraction of the analytes in the original sample were studied, pH between 3 and 6 and sample volume between 50 and 500 mL were considered. Three concentration levels were extracted at the optimal conditions of pH 5 and 500 mL of sample volume with a recovery up to 89%. The determination was performed in a GC-MS, and a derivatization step using BSTFA+TMCS (99:1) was needed previous to the injection. Real samples from Maipo River and Villarrica Lake were analyzed with the optimized method, and concentrations below the detection limit were detected.

ABSTRACT Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used by humans as therapeutic agents to treat or prevent illnesses. Once ingested, part of them is excreted and enters the wastewater treatment plants generating biosolids that they may be used as fertilizing complements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mobility of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) in soils and soils amended with biosolid. Studies of NSAIDs adsorption on two different soils were carried through batch equilibrium at room temperature. The mobility of NSAIDs in soils was studied through the use of leaching columns incorporating in the top section soil enriched with NSAIDs with and without biosolid. Ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen were determined in the leaching columns. Anti-inflammatory mobility in the soil profile depends on the specific characteristics of each system soil-biosolid. In both soils there was little mobility of anti-inflammatory in the soil profile. In Linderos soil were found in greater quantity of Ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac that in Lonquén soil.