BACKGROUND: Big data analytics (BDA) is vital for modern supply chain operations. However, implementing BDA requires significant administrative effort to ensure success, as managers and employees may resist change. A study was conducted on large and medium-sized companies in Saudi Arabia to investigate the impact of organisational factors on BDA adoption and identify potential resistance. (hereafter Saudi Arabia). OBJECTIVES: This study investigate how organisational factors influence the adoption of BDA in medium and large supply chain companies in Saudi Arabia. It also explores the moderating role of resistance to change (RTC) in this relationship. METHOD: A survey questionnaire was given to 402 supply chain practitioners working in medium and large enterprises (MLEs) in Saudi Arabia as part of a quantitative study. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS29.0) and SMART PLS (version 4.0). RESULTS: The findings indicated that organisational factors (top management support, IT expertise, and organisational resources) insignificantly influenced BDA adoption (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RTC did not moderate the relationship between organisational factors and technology adoption (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The successful use of BDA is crucial for improving Saudi supply chain operations, with a positive impact on customers, companies, and the country. CONTRIBUTION: This study is important for medium and large companies in the Saudi Arabian supply chain. It provides scope for developing innovations in adopting BDA by understanding organisational factors that influence adoption. The results will help push Saudi companies forward in trusting BDA in supply chain operations.

Abstract Background The testes are highly susceptible to the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation at all stages of life. Exposure to these threats mainly occurs during cancer treatment and as an occupational hazard in radiation centers. The present study investigated the regenerative ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) against the adverse effects of cisplatin on the structure and function of the testes. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (N = 15) were divided into three groups of five: a negative control group (no treatment), a cisplatin group (single dose of cisplatin into each testis followed three days later by a PBS injection), and a cisplatin + ADMSCs group (cisplatin injection followed three days later by an ADMSC injection). On day 45 post-treatment, serum testosterone levels were evaluated, and the testes and epididymis were collected for histology, oxidative stress examination, and epididymal sperm analysis. Results Cisplatin caused damage to the testicular tissue and decreased serum testosterone levels, epididymal sperm counts, and oxidants. An antioxidant imbalance was detected due to increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. The ADMSC-treated group displayed a moderate epididymal sperm count, adequate antioxidant protection, suitable hormone levels, and enhanced testicular tissue morphology. Conclusions ADMSCs treatment repaired damaged testicular tissue, enhanced biochemical parameters, and modified pathological changes caused by cisplatin.

RESUMEN El estudio estadístico y sinóptico de las tormentas de polvo de primavera sobre la Península Arábiga (PA) se estudió utilizando observaciones de 27 estaciones de superficie y datos meteorológicos del reanálisis de NCEP/NCAR para el periodo 1978-2008. El estudio muestra que espacialmente las regiones norte y este de la PA son las más afectadas por las tormentas de polvo y que, temporalmente, el periodo de estudio se puede dividir en dos subperíodos: antes y después de 1995, con un aumento pronunciado antes de 1995 y un aumento (disminución) suave después de 1995 con relación a los tipos de polvo (tormentas de polvo). El análisis sinóptico revela tres sistemas atmosféricos principales: sistemas frontales sobre la región norte, sistemas relacionados con la vaguada del Mar Rojo sobre la región occidental y sistemas térmicos bajos sobre la región oriental., Además, el estudio sinóptico muestra que todos los sistemas atmosféricos están asociados con un área de gradiente de presión (geopotencial) favorable, y que la forma y fuerza de los regímenes atmosféricos de viento máximo y capa superior son adecuados para integrar completamente las capas atmosféricas. Además, la baja térmica del sur es un componente sinóptico común de los sistemas atmosféricos relacionados con el polvo, pero su efecto es particularmente pronunciado en el sistema atmosférico de la región oriental.

ABSTRACT Statistical and synoptic studies of spring dust storms over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) were performed using surface observations from 27 surface stations and meteorological data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set for the period 1978-2008. The study showed that, spatially, the northern and eastern AP are the regions most affected by dust storms and that, temporally, the study period can be divided into two subperiods: before and after 1995, with a pronounced increase before 1995 and a smooth increase (decrease) after 1995 with respect to dust (dust storms) types. The synoptic study reveals three main atmospheric systems: frontal systems over the northern region, Red Sea Trough ()-related systems over the western region, and thermal low systems over the eastern region. Additionally, the synoptic study shows that all the atmospheric systems are associated with a favorable pressure (geopotential) gradient area and that the shape and strength of the maximum wind and upper-layer atmospheric regimes are suitable for completely integrating the atmospheric layers. Moreover, the southern thermal low is a common synoptic component of dust-related atmospheric systems, but its effect is particularly pronounced in the atmospheric system of the eastern region.

Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), a protein derived from the MC4R gene, is involved in feed intake, metabolism control, and body weight regulation in humans. The purpose of this research was to explore MC4R polymorphisms alongside metabolic marker changes and their relationship with growth and carcass measurements in rabbits. Using synthetic line V (V-line) and Baladi Black rabbit breeds (60 rabbits per breed), blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and biochemical analysis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of MC4R (493 bp) revealed five nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; submitted to GenBank with accession numbers gb|MT832144|, gb|MT832145|, and gb|MT832146|). Four SNPs were characteristic of the V-line breed, and one was characteristic of the Baladi Black. For classification of the defined SNP-dependent groups within and between breeds, a discriminant analysis model correctly classified a percentage of cases with the following predictor variables: 90.8% for body weight at 5-14 weeks of age; 85% for feed consumption, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio; and 93.3% for carcass measurements (for which hind part weight, liver weight, and liver percentage were the best predictors in both breeds). There were significant differences between and within V-line and Baladi Black breeds in agreement with metabolic biochemical marker profiles and the defined SNPs. The identified SNPs in the MC4R gene and profile of the investigated metabolic biomarkers could be used as candidates and reference for the effective characterization of the two rabbit breeds. This study could therefore facilitate the introduction of marker-assisted selection for growth performance characteristics in rabbits.

RESUMO Os membros da família Diclidophoridae são espécies potencialmente perigosas para a aquicultura de peixes puffer em todo o mundo. Eles são parasitas poliopisthocotyleans, com uma hélice posterior equipada com pinças para fixação na superfície do hospedeiro, permitindo que o verme resista ao fluxo de água para manter sua posição nas brânquias. O corpo anterior do verme é deformável, e permite que o verme se alimente de sangue sugado das guelras dos peixes. O presente estudo é a primeira descrição de uma espécie Heterobothrium das guelras do tigre Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae) das costas do Golfo Arábico em Jubail, Arábia Saudita, usando morfologia por microscopia leve, bem como análise molecular do rRNA parcial do parasita 28S através de alinhamentos de sequências múltiplas e filogenia por análise de máxima verossimilhança que é fornecida pela primeira vez para as espécies descritas. Dezessete peixes tigre puffer foram capturados vivos da água marinha da Arábia Saudita; as brânquias foram separadas e mais tarde examinadas para detecção de infecção parasitária. Nove peixes foram encontrados infectados por um parasita monogênio robusto, equipado por dois órgãos bucais na extremidade anterior afilada; o hortetor posterior era retangular com quatro pinças dispostas simetricamente, sem istmo. Ausência de ganchos marginais. Ovário alongado, em forma de U, testículos numerosos, de forma irregular e estendido desde a parte posterior do ovário até a margem anterior do hortelino. Órgão copulatório muscular, como um copo esférico armado com 12 a 15 ganchos genitais. A análise molecular do parasita 28s rRNA e filogenia revelou uma porcentagem de identidades entre 87,47-89,09%, com espécies Diclidophoridae dentro do clade monofilético de Mazocraeidea onde uma porcentagem máxima de 89,09% foi obtida para o táxon-irmão morfologicamente diferente H. okamotoi. Os resultados obtidos da análise molecular são consistentes com as conclusões tiradas da classificação morfológica onde o parasita registrado era morfologicamente semelhante ao H. lamothei que não era caracterizado pela análise molecular antes. As sequências recuperadas foram depositadas no GeneBank sob o número de acesso MT322610.

ABSTRACT Members of the family Diclidophoridae are potentially dangerous species for the puffer fish aquaculture worldwide. They are parasitic polyopisthocotyleans, with a posterior haptor equipped with clamps for attachment to the host's surface, allowing the worm to resist the flow of water to maintain its position on gills. The anterior body of the worm is deformable, allows the worm to feed on blood sucked from fish gills. The present study is the first description of a Heterobothrium species from the gills of the tiger puffer Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae) from the coasts of the Arabian Gulf at Jubail, Saudi Arabia morphologically by light microscopy as well as by molecular analysis of the parasite partial 28S rRNA through multiple sequence alignments and phylogeny by maximum likelihood analysis which is provided for the first time for the described species. Seventeen tiger puffer fish were captured alive from marine water off Saudi Arabia; gills were separated and further examined for parasitic infection. Nine fish were found infected with a monogenean parasite which was robust, equipped by two buccal organs at the tapered anterior end; the posterior haptor was rectangular with four symmetrically arranged clamps, with no isthmus. Marginal hooks absent. Ovary elongated, U-shaped, testes numerous, irregularly shaped and extended from the posterior part of the ovary to the anterior margin of the haptor. Copulatory organ muscular, as a spherical cup armed with 12 to 15 genital hooks. The molecular analysis of the parasite 28s rRNA and phylogeny revealed a percentage of identities between 87.47-89.09%, with Diclidophoridae species within the monophyletic clade of Mazocraeidea where a maximum percentage of 89.09% were obtained for the morphologically different sister taxon H. okamotoi. The results obtained from molecular analysis are consistent with the conclusions drawn from morphological classification where that the parasite recorded was morphologically similar to H. lamothei which was not characterized by molecular analysis before. The recovered sequences were deposited into the GeneBank under accession number MT322610.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da técnica de mobilização neural em indivíduos com lombalgia crônica, assim como possíveis alterações na dor, no comportamento motor e na quantificação de citocinas antes e após o tratamento. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 16 indivíduos com idade média de 30,45±10,32 anos. A técnica consistiu em um total de 10 intervenções, com duração total de 10 minutos, divididas em quatro séries de 2 minutos cada, com intervalo de 30 segundos entre cada série. Os desfechos a seguir foram avaliados: intensidade da dor utilizando a escala analógica visual; mobilidade da coluna lombar com o terceiro dedo ao solo e goniometria do quadril; concentração de citocinas no soro com a técnica multiplex; e qualidade de vida com o Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-bref. RESULTADOS: Os presentes resultados demonstraram uma redução na intensidade da dor de aproximadamente 70% entre as avaliações (p<0,001). Foram observadas melhoras na mobilidade lombar de aproximadamente 25,5% no teste do terceiro dedo ao solo (p<0,04) e nos ângulos da articulação do quadril (p<0,04). Também foi observada entre as avaliações diferença nas concentrações de citocinas, tanto pró-inflamatórias (p<0,009) quanto anti-inflamatórias (p<0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica foi capaz de reduzir a intensidade da dor e consequentemente aumentar a mobilidade dos voluntários. Além disso, foi observada uma diferença na concentração de citocinas no final do tratamento e uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of neural mobilization technique on individuals with chronic low back pain, as well as analyze possible changes in pain, motor behavior and on cytokine quantification before and after treatment. METHODS: Sixteen individuals with mean age of 30.45±10.32 years old were evaluated. The technique consisted of a total of 10 interventions, with a total duration of 10 minutes, divided into four series of 2 minutes each, with a 30-second interval between each series. The following outcomes were evaluated: pain intensity using the visual analog scale; mobility of the lumbar spine with the third finger to the ground test and hip goniometry; concentration of cytokines in serum with the multiplex technique; and quality of life with the Oswestry Disability Index, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-bref. RESULTS: Results showed a reduction in pain intensity of approximately 70% between the assessments (p<0.001). Improvements in lumbar mobility of approximately 25.5% on the third finger to the ground test (p<0.04) and improvement in the hip joint angles (p<0.04) were also observed. A difference in cytokine concentrations, both pro-inflammatory (p<0.009) and anti-inflammatory (p<0.03), was also observed between the assessments. CONCLUSION: The technique was able to reduce pain intensity and consequently increase the mobility of the volunteers. Additionally, a difference in cytokine concentration at the end of the treatment and an improvement in the individuals quality of life were observed.

Abstract: There exist two semi-local rings of order 6 without identity for the multiplication. We classify up to coordinate permutation self-orthogonal codes of length n and size 6 n/2 over these rings (called here quasi self-dual codes or QSD) till the length n = 8. To any such code is attached canonically a ℤ 6 -code, which, when self-dual, produces an unimodular lattice by Construction A.

Resumo Introdução: A neurólise do plexo celíaco guiada por tomografia computadorizada tornou-se uma técnica quase segura para aliviar a dor abdominal maligna. Comparamos a técnica de agulha única mudando o posicionamento do paciente e a técnica de agulha dupla usando a abordagem anterocrural posterior. Métodos: No grupo designado para neurólise celíaca com agulha dupla (n = 17), a técnica de abordagem anterocrural posterior foi utilizada com duas agulhas para injetar 12,5 mL de fenol a 10% de cada lado em decúbito ventral. No grupo designado para neurólise celíaca com agulha única (n = 17), a abordagem anterocrural posterior foi utilizada com uma única agulha para injetar 25 mL de fenol a 10% do lado esquerdo com o paciente em decúbito lateral esquerdo e posteriormente virado para o lado direito. Os parâmetros de monitorização foram a taxa de falha dos bloqueios e a duração do posicionamento dos pacientes, o tempo da técnica, os escores da escala visual analógica, as complicações (hipotensão, diarreia, vômitos, hemorragia, dano neurológico e infecção) e a analgesia de resgate. Resultados: A taxa de falha dos bloqueios e a duração do posicionamento dos pacientes aumentaram significativamente na neurólise celíaca com o uso de agulha dupla vs. agulha única (30,8% vs. 0%,13,8 ± 1,2 vs. 8,9 ± 1; p = 0,046, p ≤ 0,001, respectivamente). Além disso, o tempo da técnica foi significativamente maior na neurólise celíaca com agulha dupla que na neurólise celíaca com agulha única (24,5 ± 5,1 vs. 15,4 ± 1,8; p ≤ 0,001). Não houve diferença significativa em relação aos escores da escala visual analógica: neurólise celíaca com agulha dupla = 2 (0-5), 2 (0-4), 3 (0-6), 3 (2-6) e neurolise celíaca com agulha única = 3 (0-5), 2 (0-5), 2 (0-4), 4 (2-6) após um dia,uma semana, um e três meses, respectivamente. No entanto, os escores da escala visual analógica para cada grupo foram significativamente menores comparados aos valores basais (p ≤ 0,001). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto à analgesia de resgate e complicações (p > 0,05). Conclusão: A neurólise celíaca com o uso de agulha única e a alteração do posicionamento do paciente apresenta uma taxa menor de falha do bloqueio, menos tempo de procedimento e menor duração do posicionamento do paciente que o uso de duas agulhas para neurólise celíaca em malignidade abdominal.

Abstract Background: Computerized tomography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis has become almost a safe technique to alleviate abdominal malignancy pain. We compared the single needle technique with changing patients’ position and the double needle technique using posterior anterocrural approach. Methods: In Double Needles Celiac Neurolysis Group (n = 17), we used two needles posterior anterocrural technique injecting 12.5 mL phenol 10% on each side in prone position. In Single Needle Celiac Neurolysis Group (n = 17), we used single needle posterior anterocrural approach. 25 mL of phenol 10% was injected from left side while patients were in left lateral position then turned to right side. The monitoring parameters were failure block rate and duration of patient positioning, technique time, Visual Analog Scale, complications (hypotension, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, neurological damage and infection) and rescue analgesia. Results: The failure block rate and duration of patient positioning significantly increased in double needles celiac neurolysis vs. single needle celiac neurolysis (30.8% vs. 0%; 13.8 ± 1.2 vs. 8.9 ± 1; p = 0.046, p ≤ 0.001 respectively). Also, the technique time increased significantly in double needles celiac neurolysis than single needle celiac neurolysis (24.5 ± 5.1 vs. 15.4 ± 1.8; p ≤ 0.001). No significant differences existed as regards Visual Analog Scale: double needles celiac neurolysis = 2 (0-5), 2 (0-4), 3 (0-6), 3 (2-6) and single needle celiac neurolysis = 3 (0-5), 2 (0-5), 2 (0-4), 4 (2-6) after 1 day, 1 week, 1 and 3 months respectively. However, Visual Analog Scale in each group reduced significantly compared with basal values (p ≤ 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences as regards rescue analgesia and complications (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Single needle celiac neurolysis with changing patients’ position has less failure block rate, less procedure time, shorter duration of patient positioning than double needles celiac neurolysis in abdominal malignancy.

Trypanosoma evansi is enzootic in camels in Egypt, and water buffaloes act as a reservoir for camel infection. Molecular techniques have contributed towards understanding the epidemiology of T. evansi. Trypanosoma evansi was detected in acute and chronic stages of the disease in male and female mice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, two groups consisting of 26 female and 26 male mice received 10(4) trypanosome by I/P inoculation for each mouse. In experiment II, 42 female and 42 male mice were inoculated I/P with 10² trypanosome/mouse. In addition, five mice were kept as uninfected control for each group. Mice were monitored daily for parasitaemia level during the pre-patent period using the micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and conventional PCR. The primer pairs, (Trypanosoma brucei) TBR1/2 and TeRoTat1.2 (T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon antigen type [RoTat] 1.2), detected the infection after 24 hours earlier than MHCT in both experiments. The course of infection that was detected by MHCT revealed three waves of parasitaemia in female mice and two waves in male mice in the chronic stage of infection. In addition, PCR was able to detect T. evansi in different organs in the chronic stage (i.e. disappearance of parasite from blood). Application of the two primer sets on blood samples from camels showed that all samples were positive by TBR1/2 primers and only 32 of 44 were positive by TeRoTat1.2 primers. Acutely and chronically Trypanosoma-infected mice were detected by PCR in blood and organs. TBR1/2 primers were more sensitive than TeRoTat1.2 primers in detecting Trypanosoma-infected mice, and more reliable in detecting field-infected camels and excluding carrier animals.

Abstract The present research article proposes a method to classify University engineering programs, placing special attention to relations between the subjects of the curriculum and the 12 areas of knowledge established in the body of competencies published by the Institute of industrial and System Engineers (IIES). Techniques of unsupervised data analysis such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used for the proposed classification. Twenty-one programs, accredited by high quality in Industrial Engineering in Colombia, are used as units of study. The results show that factors such as international accreditation, size of the faculties of engineering and University profile, influence the grouping of the programs of study. The research allowed to classify three large main components and profiles of accredited programs.

Resumen Se propone un método para clasificar programas universitarios de ingeniería industrial, colocando especial atención a las relaciones entre las asignaturas del plan de estudio y las 12 áreas de conocimiento planteadas en el cuerpo de competencias publicado por el Instituto de Ingenieros Industriales y de Sistemas (IIES). Para la clasificación propuesta se utilizó técnicas de análisis no supervisado de datos como el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y Análisis de clúster. Como unidades de estudio se utilizan los 21 programas acreditados por alta calidad en Ingeniería Industrial en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que factores como, las acreditaciones internacionales, tamaño de las facultades de ingeniería y el perfil de universidad influye en la agrupación de los programas de estudio. La investigación permitió clasificar tres grandes componentes principales y perfiles de programas acreditados

In this work the kinematic and dynamic models of an industrial robot of four degrees of freedom is obtained. The kinematic model is validated through an experimental platform, a microcontroller and a high-level computer program. Based on the dynamic model, the load capacity of the manipulator are determined. The main references for the analysis of industrial robots are taken into account and a discussion of the results of several simulations is made. The models are applicable to manipulators with the same morphology in order to design mechanisms, components and controllers.

En este trabajo se obtienen los modelos cinemático y dinámico de un robot industrial de cuatro grados de libertad. El modelo cinemático se valida a través de una plataforma experimental, un microcontrolador y un programa de computadora de alto nivel. Con base en el modelo dinámico, se determina la capacidad de carga del manipulador. Se toman en cuenta las principales referencias bibliográficas actuales para el análisis de los robots industriales y se realiza una discusión de los resultados de varias simulaciones. Los modelos se pueden aplicar al diseño de mecanismos, componentes y controladores de robots de semejante morfología.

Aim: Adenocarcinomas of the upper urinary tract are very rare malignancies often related to primary genitourinary and extraurinary tumours. Primary adenocarcinomas are even rarer. There are no clinical guidelines for the management of primary ureteral adenocarcinoma. Our objective is to propose a clinical management of this sort of tumours. Methods: We report a case of adenocarcinoma affecting a ureteral stump in a patient who previously underwent a nephrectomy. A review of literature is performed. Results: After the ureterectomy the pathologist diagnosed a ureteral adenocarcinoma. We perform an extension study which discards an extraurinary origin. Conclusions: Adenocarcinoma of the ureteral stump is a very rare malignancy. About the clinic and pathologic characterization, there is no an established reference due to the short number of previous reports. Clinical presentation may include previous nephrectomy, flank pain, dysuria, urgency and/or gross hematuria. It seem necessary the complete resection of the urinary tract when a nephrectomy is performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy can be employed with uncertain results.

Objetivos: El adenocarcinoma primario de uréter representa un porcentaje mínimo de las neoplasias del tracto urinario superior. El escaso número de casos publicados no permite establecer unas pautas claras en su manejo clínico, diagnóstico y terapéutico. Nuestro objetivo es proponer una pauta de actuación que permita mejorar el pronóstico de esta patología. Métodos: Presentamos un caso de adenocarcinoma primario de uréter que afecta a un remanente ureteral tras una nefrectomía simple y hacemos una revisión de la literatura al respecto. Resultados:El paciente fue diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma primario de uréter tras el examen anatomopatológico y un estudio minucioso de extensión que permitiera descartar un tumor primario. Conclusión: El adenocarcinoma primario de uréter es una entidad muy poco frecuente lo que condiciona una pobre caracterización clínica y anatomopatológica. Puede presentarse como un síndrome miccional y/o hematuria en pacientes con antecedentes de nefrectomía. Ante el hallazgo de un adenocarcinoma de uréter debemos descartar siempre que se trate de un tumor metastásico. En cuanto al tratamiento parece necesaria la exéresis completa del tumor y se puede intentar el tratamiento quimioterápico adyuvante con resultados inciertos.

The stabilizing effects of staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc) and of a synthetic propeptide (LEISSTCDA, hereafter called LEISS) on the production of a model food allergen, bovine ß-lactoglobulin (BLG), in Lactococcus lactis were investigated. The fusion of Nuc to BLG (Nuc-BLG) results in higher production and secretion of the hybrid protein. When LEISS was fused to BLG, the production of the resulting protein LEISS-BLG was only slightly improved compared to the one obtained with Nuc-BLG. However, the secretion of LEISS-BLG was dramatically enhanced (~10- and 4-fold higher than BLG and Nuc-BLG, respectively). Finally, the fusion of LEISS to Nuc-BLG resulting in the protein LEISS-Nuc-BLG led to the highest production of the hybrid protein, estimated at ~8 µg/ml (~2-fold higher than Nuc-BLG). In conclusion, the fusions described here led to the improvement of the production and secretion of BLG. These tools will be used to modulate the immune response against BLG via delivery of recombinant lactococci at the mucosal level, in a mouse model of cow's milk allergy.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a influência do horário de aplicação de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas gramíneas e dicotiledôneas na cultura do milho. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de 1991/92, na área experimental da Milenia Agro Ciências S/A, em Londrina, PR. O delineamento experimental empregado foi em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, utilizando atrazine a 2.400 g/ha + surfactante e as misturas formuladas de alachlor + atrazine (1.820 + 1.820), atrazine + óleo vegetal (2.400 + 1.800) g/ha aplicados as 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 e 22 horas. A gramínea presente era a Brachiaria plantagineano estádio de 1 a 5 folhas, e as dicotiledôneas Amaranthus hybridus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Emilia sonchifolia e Sida rhombifolia todas no estádio de 2 a 6 folhas. A aplicação foi realizada no dia 12 de outubro de 1991, estando o dia sem nuvens. Às 4:00 horas a UR era 68%; às 14:00 horas, 35% e as 22:00h, 65%. O solo estava seco e nas aplicações das 4:00 e 6:00 horas havia a presença de orvalho nas folhagens. Utilizou-se um pulverizador de precisão a CO2, bicos leque Teejet 110.03 e volume de calda 300 l/ha. Os resultados mostraram que houve influência do horário de aplicação nos resultados para os herbicidas alachlor + atrazine e atrazine + óleo vegetal no controle de B. plantaginea. Para os tratamentos alachlor + atrazine e atrazine + óleo vegetal, quando a umidade relativa do ar esteve acima de 65%, ou seja entre 4:00 e 8:00 horas e a partir das 20:00 horas, o controle foi superior a 90%. Quando a umidade relativa do ar baixou para 35%, no período das 10:00 às 18:00 horas, o controle para o alachlor + atrazine foi de 80% e o de atrazine + óleo vegetal próximo a 60%. O controle de gramíneas no tratamento atrazine + surfactante foi inferior a 40% em todos os horários de aplicação. Ainda para B. plantaginea, o alachlor + atrazine aos 95 DAA ( dias após aplicação) apresentou melhor controle em relação ao atrazine + óleo vegetal principalmente nos horários das 10:00 as 20:00 horas. Para as folhas largas, não houve influência dos horários e todos os tratamentos apresentaram 100% de eficiência. Todos os herbicidas foram seletivos à cultura sendo que as misturas formuladas apresentaram no máximo 10% de injúrias. O atrazine + óleo vegetal foi mais fitotóxico no período das 6:00 às 10:00 e o alachlor + atrazine no período das 10:00 as 14:00. Houve total relação entre o nível de controle, produção de biomassa seca das infestantes e a produção de grãos.

A field trial was conducted in Londrina/PR in 1991/92 to verify the influence on timing of application of atrazine alone and in mixtures with alachlor or vegetable oil. The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with four reaplications. Herbicide treatments were applied with CO2 pressurized knapsac, nozzle fan 110.03, with 300 l/ha, at the rate: atrazine 2.400, alachlor + atrazine (1.820 + 1.820) and atrazine + crop oil (2.400 + 1.800) g/ha a.i., applied on October 12, 1991 at 4, 6, 8, 10, a.m. and 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, p.m. The relative humidity (RH) at 4:00 a.m., 2:00 and 10:00 p.m were 68, 35 and 65%, respectively. Brachiaria plantaginea at 1 to 5 leaf stage and Amaranthus hybridus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Emilia sonchifolia and Sida rhombifolia at 2 to 6 leaf stage were used. The control of B. plantaginea was influenced by the time of application. Alachlor + atrazine and atrazine + vegetable oil, provided more than 90% of control during 4:00 to 8:00 a.m. When the RH was 35 % there was a decrease on the control of about 80 to 60% from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Atrazine + surfactant showed 40% of control at all the timing of application. For broadleaves there was no influence of the timing of application because the herbicides always provided 100% control. The mixture of atrazine with alachlor or vegetable oil increased the control of B. plantaginea.