Abstract This article is based on a representative and randomly selected sample of 396 individual criminal decisions from the Federal Supreme Court, issued between January 1, 2020, and June 22, 2021, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We tracked the petitions, the type of imprisonment, the date of judgment, the type of legal action, and the outcomes of these requests. Subsequently, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the arguments employed by the Court in reaching its decisions. The main objective of the study is to understand how the Court ruled on requests for release from incarceration and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the judicial reasoning. The findings indicate that the pandemic had no relevant impact on the Court’s decision-making process. Dismissals on procedural grounds prevailed, allowing the court to avoid ruling on the merits of a claim. On the other hand, when the merits were analyzed, the pandemic was not treated as a sufficient argument for releasing a prisoner. Additionally, during the pandemic, CNJ’s Recommendation No. 62 and ADPF No. 347 had no argumentative prominence in the few decisions that granted requests for release. This research reinforces the diagnosis that the pandemic has not changed how the Judiciary deals with imprisonment. This finding contributes to understand the challenges in tackling mass incarceration in Brazil.

Resumo Este artigo é baseado em uma amostra representativa e aleatória de 396 decisões monocráticas penais do Supremo Tribunal Federal, proferidas entre 01/01/2020 e 22/06/2021, que mencionam a pandemia de Covid-19. Foram mapeados os pedidos, o tipo de prisão, a data de julgamento, o tipo de ação e o resultado dos pedidos. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise qualitativa dos argumentos utilizados pela Corte para decidir. O objetivo principal do estudo é compreender como a Corte julgou pedidos de desencarceramento e o peso da pandemia de Covid-19 na argumentação judicial. Os dados indicam que a pandemia não teve impacto relevante na forma de decidir do STF em casos de prisão. Prevaleceram os indeferimentos de pedidos de soltura, com significativa mobilização argumentativa de óbices processuais, permitindo que a Corte não se posicionasse sobre questões de mérito. Por outro lado, quando o mérito foi analisado, a pandemia não foi tratada como argumento suficiente para desencarcerar. Ademais, a pandemia, a Recomendação 62 do CNJ e a ADPF 347 não tiveram grande destaque argumentativo nas poucas decisões que concederam pedidos de desencarceramento. A pesquisa reforça o diagnóstico de que a pandemia não mudou o modo como o Judiciário lida com a prisão. Esse achado de pesquisa contribui para a compreensão dos obstáculos para o enfrentamento do superencarceramento no Brasil.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate and synthesize the scientific literature regarding the relationships between masculinities and individuals experiencing homelessness by focusing on social relationships, life trajectories, and the health-disease process. A systematic search was conducted in 10 databases using the following descriptors: “Masculinities,” “Hegemonic Masculinities,” “Gender Identity,” “Homeless Persons,” “Homeless, Roofless,” and “Houseless.” In total, 2459 results were retrieved. Overall, 25 studies remained after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, most of which were international studies. This study identified six key themes: 1) Masculinity as a performative practice on the streets, 2) Masculinities and relationships of violence on the streets, 3) Masculinities among men experiencing homelessness: perceptions of freedom and imprisonment, 4) Fatherhood among men experiencing homelessness, 5) Stigmas and challenges in the pursuit of hegemonic masculinity on the streets, and 6) Masculinities as a social determinant of health on the streets. This review addresses the influences of masculinities on individuals experiencing homelessness, emphasizing the cross-cutting nature of these ideals in the experiences and attitudes of this group. It explores the relationship between masculinities and violence, as well as addressing challenges in fatherhood. It highlights stigmas linked to the condition of being homeless that impact health and quality of life. It is concluded that social norms related to masculinity act negatively as social determinants of health for the homeless population, especially men.

Resumo Nesta revisão objetivou-se investigar e sintetizar o que há na literatura científica sobre as relações entre as masculinidades e as pessoas moradoras de rua, com enfoque em relações sociais, trajetória e processo saúde-doença. Foi feita uma busca sistemática em dez bases de dados com os descritores: “Masculinities”, “Hegemonic Masculinities”, “Gender Identity” e “Homeless Persons”, “Homeless, Roofless” e “Houseless”. Obteve-se 2.459 resultados, com 25 referências finais após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, compostas em grande parte por estudos internacionais. Identificou-se seis temas-chave: Masculinidade enquanto prática performativa nas ruas, Masculinidades e relações de violência nas ruas, Masculinidades entre homens moradores de rua: percepções de liberdade e encarceramento, Paternidade dos homens moradores de rua, Estigmas e deságios no processo de busca pela masculinidade hegemônica nas ruas e Masculinidades como determinante social de saúde nas ruas. A revisão aborda as influências das masculinidades entre a População Moradora de Rua (PMR), destacando sua transversalidade nas vivências e atitudes do grupo, e explora a relação entre masculinidades e violência, os desafios na paternidade e os estigmas ligados à condição de vida nas ruas e impactos na saúde. Conclui-se que as normas sociais relacionadas ao masculino atuam como uma forma de se adaptar as vidas nas ruas, mas influenciam negativamente no processo saúde-doença da PMR, em especial dos homens.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the use of dental services in Brazil. The review strategy included PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, Scopus, WOS and Google Scholar databases, in addition to repositories and databases of dissertations and theses. Studies were selected using the PEO (Population/Exposure/Outcomes) strategy. The outcome of this study was the use of dental services in the last year by the Brazilian population, treated as dichotomous variables for the following analyses: ≤ 1 year and > 1 year. Mantel-Haenszel random effect meta-analysis was performed, estimating Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A total of 94 studies were selected. The majority (98%) had a cross-sectional design, with 63% derived from primary data. For the meta-analysis, 25 studies were included. The use of oral health services in the last year was associated with higher education (≥ 8 years of schooling) (PR = 0.49, (95%CI: 0.39-0.60)); higher family income (≥ 2 minimum wages) (RP = 0.79, (95%CI: 0.74-0.84)); and living in urban areas (RP = 0.79, (95%CI: 0.64-0.97)). The availability of dental services in the Unified Health System needs to be made readily accessible to people with lower income, less education and those living in rural areas.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar os fatores associados ao uso dos serviços odontológicos no Brasil. A estratégia de revisão incluiu as bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, Scopus, WOS e Google Scholar, além de repositórios e bancos de dissertações e teses. Os estudos foram selecionados usando a estratégia PEO (população/exposição/desfechos). O desfecho deste estudo foi o uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano pela população brasileira, tratado como variáveis dicotômicas para as análises: ≤ 1 ano e > 1 ano. Foi realizada uma metanálise de efeito randômico de Mantel-Haenszel, estimando-se razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Foram selecionados 94 estudos. A maioria (98%) tinha delineamento transversal, sendo 63% oriundos de dados primários. Para a metanálise, 25 estudos foram incluídos. O uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano esteve associado com maior escolaridade (≥ 8 anos de estudo) (RP = 0,49, (IC95%: 0,39-0,60)); maior renda familiar (≥ 2 salários-mínimos) (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,74-0,84)); e residir na zona urbana (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,64-0,97)). A oferta de serviços odontológicos no Sistema Único de Saúde precisa ser ampliada entre pessoas com menor renda, menor escolaridade e moradores da zona rural.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar os fatores associados ao uso dos serviços odontológicos no Brasil. A estratégia de revisão incluiu as bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, Scopus, WOS e Google Scholar, além de repositórios e bancos de dissertações e teses. Os estudos foram selecionados usando a estratégia PEO (população/exposição/desfechos). O desfecho deste estudo foi o uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano pela população brasileira, tratado como variáveis dicotômicas para as análises: ≤ 1 ano e > 1 ano. Foi realizada uma metanálise de efeito randômico de Mantel-Haenszel, estimando-se razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Foram selecionados 94 estudos. A maioria (98%) tinha delineamento transversal, sendo 63% oriundos de dados primários. Para a metanálise, 25 estudos foram incluídos. O uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano esteve associado com maior escolaridade (≥ 8 anos de estudo) (RP = 0,49, (IC95%: 0,39-0,60)); maior renda familiar (≥ 2 salários-mínimos) (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,74-0,84)); e residir na zona urbana (RP = 0,79, (IC95%: 0,64-0,97)). A oferta de serviços odontológicos no Sistema Único de Saúde precisa ser ampliada entre pessoas com menor renda, menor escolaridade e moradores da zona rural.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the use of dental services in Brazil. The review strategy included PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, Scopus, WOS and Google Scholar databases, in addition to repositories and databases of dissertations and theses. Studies were selected using the PEO (Population/Exposure/Outcomes) strategy. The outcome of this study was the use of dental services in the last year by the Brazilian population, treated as dichotomous variables for the following analyses: ≤ 1 year and > 1 year. Mantel-Haenszel random effect meta-analysis was performed, estimating Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A total of 94 studies were selected. The majority (98%) had a cross-sectional design, with 63% derived from primary data. For the meta-analysis, 25 studies were included. The use of oral health services in the last year was associated with higher education (≥ 8 years of schooling) (PR = 0.49, (95%CI: 0.39-0.60)); higher family income (≥ 2 minimum wages) (RP = 0.79, (95%CI: 0.74-0.84)); and living in urban areas (RP = 0.79, (95%CI: 0.64-0.97)). The availability of dental services in the Unified Health System needs to be made readily accessible to people with lower income, less education and those living in rural areas.

Abstract Policy evaluation and guidance on fluoride use and sugar consumption in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) may provide a scientific evidence basis for policymakers, dental professionals, civil society organizations and individuals committed to improving public oral health. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the extent of implementation of policies/guidelines on fluoride use, and sugar consumption in LACC. The study had two stages. First a questionnaire covering four major areas was developed: fluoridation of public water supplies; salt fluoridation; fluoride dentifrices, and sugar consumption. Then, the questionnaire was applied to collect data among representative participants in public oral health from LACC. Ninety-six participants from 18 LACC answered the questionnaire. One-hundred seventy documents were attached, and 285 links of websites were provided by the respondents. Implementation of policies and guidelines on water and table salt fluoridation and processed and ultra-processed food consumption were found in most countries, with some issues in the consensus and coverage. Thus, differences were identified in the extent of implementation of public oral health strategies on sugar consumption and fluoridation among the countries. There is no consensus on the policies in LACC to reduce sugar consumption and for the use of fluoride. A few policies and guidelines were applied in isolated countries, with a variety of strategies and standards. For future actions, it will be important to encourage the development of strategies and public policies within countries, and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies in reducing dental caries and in improving oral health in LACC.

Abstract Background Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a non-tactile ablative therapy that helps to stop rectal bleeding in patients who have developed actinic proctitis after exposure to radiotherapy. This approach seems to be more effective than medications or surgical procedures. Objective To review the literature to verify the effectiveness of APC in the treatment of patients with actinic proctitis induced by radiation therapies. Methods A systematic search was conducted on the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We identified 81 studies, and 5 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results In the articles included, a total of 236 patients were evaluated. Most of them were men (67.7%) with a mean age of 66.6 years. Prostate cancer was the main cause of actinic proctitis (67.3%), and control of the bleeding was achieved in 83.3% of the cases, after a mean of 1.67 session of APC. Moreover, 66 patients had complications with the treatment, and rectal pain was the most referred. Conclusions Argon plasma coagulation is a well-tolerated and effective treatment to control rectal bleeding in patients who underwent radiotherapy, and the number of sessions varies from 1 to 2, according to the case.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio na resistência de união de pinos de fibra utilizando cimentos resinosos convencionais e autoadesivos. Sessenta dentes humanos monorradiculares foram selecionados. Os canais foram preparados um instrumento reciprocante 40.06. As raízes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n = 10) de acordo com as estratégias de obturação do canal e cimentação dos pinos de fibra: AH Plus/RelyX ARC; AH Plus/RelyX U200; Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC; Bio C Sealer/RealyX U200; Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC; e Sealer Plus BC/RelyX U200. As raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente e foi obtido um espécime por terço. O teste de push-out foi realizado em uma velocidade de 1mm/min. Os padrões de falha foram descritos após avaliação em estereomicroscópio com aumento de 10×. A resistência de união foi calculada e analisada por ANOVA e teste de Tukey. AH Plus não influenciou na resistência de união dos pinos de fibra cimentados com cimento resinoso convencional (RelyX ARC) ou autoadesivo (RelyX U200) (p > 0,05). Os menores valores de resistência de união foram obtidos quando os cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio foram associados ao cimento resinoso convencional (Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC e Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC) (p < 0,05). Com exceção do Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC, todos os grupos apresentaram menor resistência de união na porção apical em comparação com a porção cervical do pino (p < 0,05). Falhas adesivas entre cimento e pino e cimento e dentina foram predominantes (55,3%). Cimentos a base de silicato de cálcio diminuíram a resistência de união de pinos de fibra cimentados com cimento resinoso convencional.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of calcium silicate-based sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts using conventional and self-adhesive resin cement. Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected. The canals were prepared with a reciprocating instrument 40.06. The roots were randomly distributed in six groups (n = 10) according to the strategies for root canal filling and fiber posts cementation: AH Plus/RelyX ARC; AH Plus/RelyX U200; Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC; Bio C Sealer/RealyX U200; Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC; and Sealer Plus BC/RelyX U200. The roots were transversally sectioned, and one slice per post-third was obtained. The push-out test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The failure patterns were described after assessment with a stereomicroscope with a 10× magnification. Bond strength was calculated and analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey test. AH Plus did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional (RelyX ARC) or with self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). The lowest bond strength values were obtained when calcium silicate-based sealers were associated with conventional resin cement (Bio C Sealer/RelyX ARC and Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC). Except for Sealer Plus BC/RelyX ARC, all groups presented lower bond strength at the apical portion compared to the cervical portion of the post. Adhesive failures between cement and post and cement and dentin were predominant (55.3%). Calcium silicate-based sealers decreased the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional resin cement.

RESUMO Contexto Além dos Critérios de Roma IV, a avaliação da constipação funcional também pode ser obtida por meio do Constipation Scoring System (CSS). Ao acessar o CSS, o profissional de saúde consegue mensurar a constipação funcional, orientando a abordagem terapêutica inicial e a resposta pós-tratamento. Além disso, o CSS possibilita a padronização dos resultados das pesquisas sobre esta disfunção. Objetivo Promover a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do CSS para a população brasileira. Métodos Para obtenção da versão do CSS em português, a adaptação foi realizada em quatro etapas (tradução para o inglês, retrotradução para o português, aplicação e ajustes). Posteriormente, foi realizada a validação e adaptação para a população brasileira por meio de teste-reteste. Resultados Para adultos, a validade convergente da versão brasileira do CSS apresentou correlação significativa com os critérios de Roma IV evidenciada pela correlação de Spearman positiva (r) de 0,816 (P<0,001). Entre as respostas do teste-reteste, a versão traduzida do escore apresentou um Alpha de Cronbach de 0,972. Um alto nível de consistência interna também foi obtido quando cada item do questionário foi avaliado separadamente, revelando uma confiabilidade interna adequada. Conclusão O CSS foi bem adaptado e aceito pela população brasileira, demonstrando a validade linguística e psicométrica da versão em português do escore.

ABSTRACT Background Beyond Rome IV Criteria, the assessment of functional constipation in clinical practice can also be obtained by the Constipation Scoring System (CSS). By accessing the CSS, health professionals are able to measure this dysfunction, guiding initial therapeutic approach and post-treatment response. In addition, the CSS enables the standardization of results concerning functional constipation research. Objective To promote translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the CSS for the Brazilian population. Methods To attain the score in Portuguese, the adaptation was accomplished in four steps (translation, back translation, application and adjustments). Afterward, the validation and adaptation to the Brazilian population was performed through test-retest. Results For adults, the convergent validity of the Brazilian version of the CSS showed a significant correlation to the Rome IV Criteria evinced by the positive Spearman correlation (r2) of 0.816 (P<0.001). Between the test-retest responses, the translated version of the score had a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.972. A high level of internal consistency was also obtained when each item of the questionnaire was assessed separately, revealing an adequate internal reliability Conclusion The CSS was well adapted and accepted by the Brazilian population, demonstrating the linguistic and psychometric validity of this Portuguese version of the score.

RESUMO A impermeabilização de áreas em centros urbanos, resultante do processo de ocupação desordenada do solo, contribui para o aumento e a aceleração do escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, para a ocorrência de enchentes e inundações em bacias urbanas. Nesse contexto, atualmente, modelos hidrológicos vêm sendo empregados no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de gestão das águas urbanas, com vistas à drenagem urbana sustentável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo usar um modelo hidrológico para a bacia do ribeirão Vai e Volta, localizada no município de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, para simular o hidrograma de cheia em um canal urbano. Utilizou-se o software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) calibrando o modelo a dados de chuva e vazão medidos. Realizou-se a calibração manual do modelo para dois eventos de precipitação com a obtenção do coeficiente de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) médio de 0,73 e erros da vazão de pico e do volume escoado inferiores a 15%. O modelo foi validado para outros três eventos distintos e obteve-se ajuste NSE médio de 0,79 e erros da vazão de pico e do volume escoado inferiores a 5%.

ABSTRACT The waterproofing of areas in urban centers, resulting from the disorderly occupation of the soil, contributes to increase and accelerate the runoff and, consequently, to the occurrence of floods and inundation in urban watersheds. In this context, hydrological models are currently being used in the development of public policies for urban water management, related to sustainable urban drainage. The present work aimed to use a hydrological model for the watershed of the Vai e Volta stream, located in the city of Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, to simulate the flood hydrograph in an urban open channel. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software was used, calibrating the model to measured rainfall and flow data. The model was manually calibrated for two rainfall events with an average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) of 0.73 and errors in peak flow and runoff volume below 15%. The model was validated for three other distinct events and an average NSE adjustment of 0.79 was obtained and errors in peak flow and runoff volume below 5%.

Abstract We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators (Centris lutea, Eulaema nigrita, Eulaema cingulata). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa.

RESUMO Objetivos: Desenvolver e disponibilizar, gratuitamente, ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) para a Odontologia, abordando informações e orientações direcionadas a pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo. Material e Métodos: Foi elaborado um conteúdo que contemplou informações e orientações concernentes ao tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo. O material, que abrangeu instruções sobre higiene bucal e sobre abordagens diante de possíveis intercorrências, foi avaliado e validado por especialistas. A partir do conteúdo validado, foram elaborados produtos utilizando quatro ferramentas distintas de TIC. Resultados: Foram desenvolvidos os seguintes produtos tecnológicos: um programa para rádios comunitárias, três postagens para blog, quatro vídeos educacionais e informativos, e um aplicativo para smartphones, utilizando não apenas textos, mas também imagens e vídeos. Essas ferramentas de TIC direcionadas a pacientes fazendo uso de aparelho ortodôntico fixo foram disponibilizadas gratuitamente via internet, e já contam com expressivo número de acessos. Conclusões: As ferramentas técnico-científicas, desenvolvidas e fornecidas livremente à população, podem auxiliar pacientes durante o tratamento com aparelho ortodôntico fixo, contribuir para disseminar informações confiáveis e esclarecer dúvidas que surgem durante a terapia ortodôntica. Essas ferramentas gratuitas de TIC facilitam o acesso ao conhecimento científico e, consequentemente, favorecem a inserção social, tendo em vista que esse material educacional e informativo foi ofertado de maneira simples e acessível à população.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and make available, at no cost to the user, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools for Dentistry, providing dental information and advice geared toward patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Material and Methods: A Dentistry-based content that contemplated information and advice concerning orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was elaborated. The materials, which included instructions on oral hygiene and treatment strategies when faced with possible complications, were evaluated and validated by specialists, whose assessments reached a 85% approval. From the validated content, products using four distinct ICT tools were formulated. Results: The following technological products were developed: a program for community radios, three blog posts, four educational and informative videos, and a smartphone application - using texts, as well as images and videos. These ICT tools, geared toward patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances, were made available by internet at no cost to the user, and the number of accesses is already expressive. Conclusion: These technological-scientific tools, developed and provided freely to the population, can aid patients during their treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, contributing to the dissemination of reliable information, and clarifying doubts that may arise during orthodontic therapy. These free ICT tools serve to facilitate access to scientific knowledge, thereby favoring social inclusion, bearing in mind that this educational and informative material was offered in a simple and accessible manner to the general population.

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is being increasingly disseminated in several areas of knowledge. In medicine, the use of 3D models arrived to facilitate diagnoses, assist in the assessment of pathological changes, in the training of new professionals, and patient-specific anatomical 3D visualization. This study aimed to perform a rapid and low-cost additive manufacturing of patient-specific intracranial aneurysms to facilitate anatomical visualization of the aneurysms. For this purpose, patient-specific models were manufactured in an FDM 3D printer from DICOM images of CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography. We obtained 15 models of intracranial aneurysms, with different sizes and geometries, which were used by neurosurgeons as part of the surgical planning of each case. AM is a quick and low-cost option to produce patient-specific AI models; however, further studies are still required to improve the technique.

Abstract To evaluate the prevalence of self-reported drug adherence and factors associated, as well as clinical health outcomes, for industry workers with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a cross-sectional study of 137 Brazilian industry workers with HTN and/ or DM. Self-reported adherence was assessed, and the disease control was defined through blood pressure and capillary glycemia values. Data were descriptively analyzed and the factors associated with adherence were evaluated using the Poisson model with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratios. The prevalence of self-reported drug adherence was 79.6% and the prevalence of disease control was 53.8%. There was no statistically significant association between the two variables. In the controlled disease group, non-adherence was associated with being under 40 years of age, not having a partner, and having a risky alcohol consumption habit. In the uncontrolled disease group, adherence was highest for participants aged 40 years and older. The prevalence of self-reported drug adherence was high, but the prevalence of disease control was low and not associated with adherence, indicating that the self-reported adherence measure may be inaccurate. Our findings identify some factors that explain non-adherent behavior in the workforce.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present predictive models of dilation and shear stress of rock discontinuities by applying the neuro-fuzzy technique, which uses a) the high capacity of artificial neural networks (ANN) to understand and to model complex multivariate phenomena, and b) the concepts of fuzzy sets theory to consider the variability of the input parameters in the proposed models’ responses. To develop the proposed models, experimental results were obtained from large-scale direct shear tests performed on different types of rock discontinuities and boundary conditions. The input variables of the proposed neuro-fuzzy models are the normal boundary stiffness, the ratio of fill thickness to asperity height, the initial normal stress, the joint roughness coefficient, the uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock, the basic friction angle of the intact rock, the friction angle of the infill, and the shear displacement. The proposed models for dilation and shear stress provided results that fitted satisfactorily the experimental data, and the analyses of their performances indicated that they can represent the influence of the input variables on the shear behavior parameters of the rock discontinuities. The results from the neuro-fuzzy systems developed are also closer to the experimental data than those estimated by using traditional analytical methodologies existing in Rock Mechanics. This occurs because once considering the uncertainty of the input data, a more representative shear behavior prediction can be made by the neuro-fuzzy models.

Resumo A pulverização de herbicidas sobre a rebrota do eucalipto é uma prática comum no setor florestal. Entretanto, observa-se a necessidade de várias operações em uma mesma área para controle das brotações. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência dos herbicidas glyphosate e imazapyr, aplicados no fuste principal antes do corte raso das árvores, no controle de brotações de eucalipto. Foram implantados sete tratamentos representados por doses de 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 mL/fuste de glyphosate (Gli-Up® 360 g i.a L-1) e das doses de 0,3; 0,5 e 0,7 mL/fuste de imazapyr (Chopper Florestal® 250 g i.a. L-1), além de um tratamento-testemunha. A aplicação dos herbicidas foi realizada em inserções feitas nos fustes das árvores. Aos 30 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas, realizou-se o corte das árvores. Aos 150 dias após o corte das árvores, foram realizadas avaliações do número de brotações por cepa, número de cepas com presença de brotações, altura e a eficiência de controle das brotações. A aplicação de glyphosate promoveu redução do vigor das brotações. Porém, observou-se emissão de brotações em pelo menos 80% das cepas avaliadas. A aplicação da dose de 3 mL de glyphosate promoveu porcentagens de 80% de eficiência de controle. Contudo, observou-se que operações de controle adicionais seriam necessárias. A aplicação de imazapyr mostrou-se ineficiente com controle inferior a 25%. Portanto, conclui-se que a aplicação de glyphosate no fuste da árvore em pré-corte reduz o vigor de brotações de eucalipto. Adicionalmente, a aplicação de imazapyr, nas doses e forma de aplicação testadas, não é recomendada para controle de brotações de eucalipto.

Abstract Herbicide spraying on eucalyptus regrowth prior to planting reform is a common practice in the forest sector. However, several operations are needed in the same area for an effective sprout control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the herbicides glyphosate and imazapyr, applied to the main stem before the harvesting of the tree to eucalyptus sprouts control. There were set up 7 treatments, with application of doses of 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 mL/stem of glyphosate (Gli-Up® 360g i.a L-1) and doses of 0.3; 0.5; and 0.7 mL/stem of imazapyr (Chopper Florestal® 250g i.a. L-1), in addition to a control treatment. The herbicide spraying consisted of the directed spraying of the herbicides on incisions carried out on the stem of the trees. The harvest of the trees was carried out 30 days after the herbicide spraying. Assessments about the number of sprouts per stump were carried out, the number of stump with presence of coppice, height and control efficiency of the coppice 150 days after harvesting. The glyphosate spraying promoted reduction of the sprout development and vigor. However, even with this reduction, it was observed presence of sprouts in at least 80% of the assessed stumps. The spraying of the dose of 3 mL of glyphosate promoted values next to 80% of control efficiency. Nevertheless, it was observed that new control operations would be necessary. The spraying of imazapyr was inefficient with control efficiency values less than 25%. In conclusion, the application of glyphosate to the main stem before the harvesting of the tree presents reduction in the eucalyptus sprout development. Additionally, the application of imazapyr, in the doses and form application tested, is not recommended to eucalyptus sprout control.