ABSTRACT Digital soil mapping is an alternative for the recognition of soil classes in areas where pedological surveys are not available. The main aim of this study was to obtain a digital soil map using artificial neural networks (ANN) and environmental variables that express soil-landscape relationships. This study was carried out in an area of 11,072 ha located in the Barra Bonita municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A soil survey was obtained from a reference area of approximately 500 ha located in the center of the area studied. With the mapping units identified together with the environmental variables elevation, slope, slope plan, slope profile, convergence index, geology and geomorphic surfaces, a supervised classification by ANN was implemented. The neural network simulator used was the Java NNS with the learning algorithm "back propagation." Reference points were collected for evaluating the performance of the digital map produced. The occurrence of soils in the landscape obtained in the reference area was observed in the following digital classification: medium-textured soils at the highest positions of the landscape, originating from sandstone, and clayey loam soils in the end thirds of the hillsides due to the greater presence of basalt. The variables elevation and slope were the most important factors for discriminating soil class through the ANN. An accuracy level of 82% between the reference points and the digital classification was observed. The methodology proposed allowed for a preliminary soil classification of an area not previously mapped using mapping units obtained in a reference area.

Neste estudo retrospectivo (1980-1998), analisamos clínico-demograficamente, a partir dos prontuários do Hospital Universitário de Fortaleza (Brasil), um grupo de 87 pacientes que apresentavam sinais e sintomas de doenças do neurônio motor (DNMs). Eles foram diagnosticados clinicamente, e através de exames complementares. Para o diagnóstico da esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA), usamos os critérios da Federação Mundial de Neurologia. A análise clínico-demográfica dos 87 casos de DNMs evidenciou a existência de 4 casos de atrofia muscular espinhal (AME), 5 casos de variantes da ELA: 2 de paralisia bulbar progressiva (PBP), 2 de atrofia muscular progressiva (AMP) e 1 de amiotrofia monomélica (AM), e 78 casos de ELA. Esses últimos eram constituídos de 51 homens e 27 mulheres, com uma idade média de 42,02 anos. Eles foram subdivididos em 4 grupos etários: de 15 a 29 anos (n= 17), de 30 a 39 anos (n= 18), de 40 a 69 anos (n= 39) e de 70 a 78 anos (n= 4). Dos 78 casos de ELA, 76 eram da forma esporádica clássica, enquanto que apenas 2 da forma familiar. A análise dos 87 pacientes com DNMs do Hospital Universitário de Fortaleza mostrou predomínio de pacientes com ELA, com um número elevado de casos de ELA juvenil e da forma adulta de início precoce.

In this retrospective (1980-1998) study, we have analyzed clinico-demographically, from the records of the University Hospital of Fortaleza (Brazil), a group of 87 patients showing signs and symptoms of motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Their diagnosis was determined clinically and laboratorially. The WFN criteria were used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis. The clinico-demographic analysis of the 87 cases of MNDs showed that 4 were diagnosed as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 5 cases as ALS subsets: 2 as progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP), 2 as progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and 1 as monomelic amyotrophy (MA), and 78 cases of ALS. The latter comprised 51 males and 27 females, with a mean age of 42.02 years. They were sub-divided into 4 groups according to age: from 15 to 29 years (n= 17), 30 to 39 years (n= 18), 40 to 69 years (n= 39) and 70 to 78 years (n= 4). From the 78 ALS patients, 76 were of the classic sporadic form whilst only 2 were of the familial form. The analysis of the 87 patients with MNDs from the University Hospital of Fortaleza showed a predominance of ALS patients, with a high number of cases of juvenile and early onset adult sporadic ALS.

Relatamos os aspectos clínicos e eletrofisiológicos preliminares de um paciente hospitalizado que possivelmente apresenta crises de epilepsia parcial contínua (Kojevnikov). Discutimos as diferentes etiologias dessa condição e salientamos a possível forma idiopática, nesse caso.

We report on the preliminary clinical and electrophysiological aspects of an in-patient possibly presenting epilepsia partialis continua (Koshevnikov). We discuss the different etiologies and emphasize on the possible idiopathic form in this case.