ABSTRACT Objective: To measure enamel thickness at the proximal surfaces of the mandibular incisors, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. Material and Methods: Forty-one single-rooted mandibular incisors were selected and analyzed according to anatomical characteristics, to form three groups: Group 1 - central incisors (n = 18); Group 2 - right lateral incisors (n = 10); and Group 3 - left lateral incisors (n = 13). First, enamel thickness at the proximal contact areas of the mandibular incisors was measured. Second, the mesial and distal surfaces of the lateral incisors were compared. Finally, the relationship between the tooth width and the mean enamel thickness was determined. Each tooth was scanned with a micro-CT scanner, and the image was processed with SCANCO micro-CT onboard analysis software. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in mean enamel thickness between the mesial and distal surfaces for each lateral incisor, or between contralateral lateral incisors. In all surfaces analyzed, the upper zones had statistically significantly thinner enamel (0.52 ± 0.10 mm) when compared to the middle and lower zones (0.60 ± 0.08 mm and 0.59 ± 0.08 mm, respectively). There was no correlation (r =0.07) between enamel thickness of the mandibular incisor and the tooth width. Conclusions: The enamel thickness of the mandibular incisors is similar on the mesial and distal surfaces, with the thinnest layer located at the upper zone. Objective microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT scans Methods Fortyone Forty one singlerooted single rooted characteristics groups n 18 18) 10 10) 13. 13 . 13) First measured Second Finally determined scanner software Results 0.52 052 0 52 (0.5 010 0.1 0.60 060 60 (0.6 008 08 0.0 059 59 0.5 respectively. respectively respectively) r =0.07 007 07 Conclusions zone 05 5 (0. 01 0. 0.6 06 6 00 =0.0 (0 =0. ( =0

RESUMO Objetivo: Medir a espessura do esmalte nas superfícies proximais dos incisivos inferiores, usando imagens de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Material e Métodos: Quarenta e um incisivos inferiores com raiz única foram selecionados e analisados de acordo com as características anatômicas, formando três grupos: Grupo 1 - incisivos centrais (n = 18); Grupo 2 - incisivos laterais direitos (n = 10); e Grupo 3 - incisivos laterais esquerdos (n = 13). Primeiro, foi medida a espessura do esmalte nas áreas de contato proximal dos incisivos inferiores. Em segundo lugar, as faces mesial e distal dos incisivos laterais foram comparadas. Por fim, foi determinada a relação entre a largura do dente e a espessura média do esmalte. Cada dente foi escaneado com um scanner micro-CT, e a imagem foi processada com o software de análise SCANCO micro-CT. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na espessura média do esmalte entre as superfícies mesial e distal de cada incisivo lateral, ou entre os incisivos laterais contralaterais. Em todas as superfícies analisadas, as zonas superiores apresentaram esmalte significativamente mais fino (0,52 ± 0,10 mm) quando comparadas às zonas média e inferior (0,60 ± 0,08 mm e 0,59 ± 0,08 mm, respectivamente). Não houve correlação (r = 0,07) entre a espessura do esmalte do incisivo inferior e a largura do dente. Conclusões: A espessura do esmalte dos incisivos inferiores é semelhante nas faces mesial e distal, com a camada mais fina localizada na zona superior. Objetivo microCT. microCT micro CT . (micro-CT) Métodos anatômicas grupos n 18 18) 10 10) 13. 13 13) Primeiro lugar fim microCT, CT, micro-CT CT. Resultados lateral contralaterais analisadas 0,52 052 0 52 (0,5 010 0,1 0,60 060 60 (0,6 008 08 0,0 059 59 0,5 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) r 0,07 007 07 Conclusões superior (micro-CT 05 5 (0, 01 0, 0,6 06 6 00 (0 (

Abstract This systematic review aimed to investigate if there is a better interceptive treatment for palatally displaced canines (PDC) in the mixed dentition stage. The PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized clinical trials related to the research topic. The gray literature and reference lists were also assessed. Network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different approaches on PDC eruption. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the treatments. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Of the 892 eligible studies, 18 were selected for full-text analysis and 9 for meta-analysis, involving 506 participants and 730 PDC, to compare 9 approaches. The proportion of erupted PDC was significantly higher for all interceptive treatments compared with control (no intervention). Furthermore, the proportion of erupted PDC was higher in patients subjected to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) than those who underwent double extraction of primary canine and primary molar (relative risk (RR) = 2.68 ICr95%: 1.12–9.35). A higher proportion of erupted PDC was found for RME (RR = 3.07 ICr95%: 1.31–10.67), RME plus use of transpalatal arch (TA) plus extraction of primary canine(s) (EC) (RR = 1.43 ICr95%: 1.09–1.95), EC plus use of cervical pull headgear (RR = 1.38 ICr95%: 1.11–1.79), and EC plus use of TA (RR = 1.36 ICr95%: 1.00–1.9) than for EC. RME was most likely to be considered as the best interceptive treatment. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was considered low due to imprecision and indirectness. In conclusion, no intervention in the mixed dentition stage is the worst choice for PDC. (PDC PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE CENTRAL Scopus topic assessed metaanalysis meta eruption approach 89 studies 1 fulltext full text metaanalysis, analysis, 50 73 intervention. . intervention) Furthermore (RME relative RR 268 2 68 2.6 ICr95% ICr95 ICr 1.12–9.35. 112935 1.12–9.35 12 35 1.12–9.35) 307 3 07 3.0 1.31–10.67, 1311067 1.31–10.67 , 31 10 67 1.31–10.67) (TA s canine(s (EC 143 43 1.4 1.09–1.95, 109195 1.09–1.95 09 95 1.09–1.95) 138 38 1.3 1.11–1.79, 111179 1.11–1.79 11 79 1.11–1.79) 136 36 1.00–1.9 10019 00 Overall indirectness conclusion 8 5 7 26 6 2. ICr9 11293 1.12–9.3 30 0 3. 131106 1.31–10.6 14 4 1. 10919 1.09–1.9 13 11117 1.11–1.7 1.00–1. 1001 1129 1.12–9. 13110 1.31–10. 1091 1.09–1. 1111 1.11–1. 1.00–1 100 112 1.12–9 1311 1.31–10 109 1.09–1 111 1.11–1 1.00– 1.12– 131 1.31–1 1.09– 1.11– 1.00 1.12 1.31– 1.09 1.11 1.0 1.1 1.31

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar medidas do crânio e encéfalo por meio da ressonância magnética (RM) de fetos com restrição do crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) e com crescimento adequado. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte prospectivo com 13 fetos com RCIU e 13 controles entre 26 e 38 semanas. Foram realizadas as seguintes medidas por RM: diâmetro biparietal (DBP) e diâmetro occipitofrontal (DOF) cerebral e ósseo, comprimento e área do corpo caloso (CPC), diâmetro transverso do cerebelo, líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) extracerebral e distância interopercular (DIO) direita e esquerda. Resultados: Observaram-se diferenças significativas nas medidas do DBP ósseo (76,9 vs. 78,2 mm; p = 0,0029), DBP cerebral (67,8 vs. 71,6 mm; p = 0,0064) e DOF ósseo (93,6 vs. 95 mm; p = 0,0010) em fetos com RCIU em relação aos fetos com crescimento normal. Observaram-se, ainda, diferenças significativas nas médias do LCE extracerebral (5,5 vs. 8,2 mm; p = 0,0003) e DIO direita (9,8 vs. 13,9 mm; p = 0,0023) e esquerda (11,8 vs. 16,3 mm; p = 0,0183) em fetos com RCIU em relação aos controles. Fetos com RCIU e normais tiveram diferenças entre DBP ósseo/LCE, DBP cerebral/LCE, DOF/LEC, e DOF cerebral/LCE. Conclusão: Fetos com RCIU tiveram menores DBP e DOF, ambos crânio e encéfalo, e menor LCE extracerebral que fetos com crescimento adequado.

Abstract Objective: To compare fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and those with normal growth, in terms of skull and brain measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study including 26 single fetuses (13 with IUGR and 13 with normal growth), evaluated from 26 to 38 weeks of gestation. Using MRI, we measured skull and brain biparietal diameters (BPDs); skull and brain occipitofrontal diameters (OFDs); corpus callosum length and area; transverse cerebellar diameter; extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF); and right and left interopercular distances (IODs). Results: The following were significantly smaller in IUGR fetuses than in control fetuses: skull BPD (76.9 vs. 78.2 mm; p = 0.0029); brain BPD (67.8 vs. 71.6 mm; p = 0.0064); skull OFD (93.6 vs. 95 mm; p = 0.0010); eCSF (5.5 vs. 8.2 mm; p = 0.0003); right IOD (9.8 vs. 13.9 mm; p = 0.0023); and left IOD (11.8 vs. 16.3 mm; p = 0.0183). The skull BPD/eCSF, brain BPD/eCSF, skull OFD/eCSF, and brain OFD/eCSF ratios were also lower in IUGR fetuses. Conclusion: IUGR fetuses had smaller OFD and BPD, both skull and brain, and less eCSF when compared to normal growth fetuses.

Resumo Este estudo busca analisar as diferenças tecnológicas da produção agropecuária entre os municípios situados no semiárido e no não semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. Utiliza-se o modelo de meta-fronteira tecnológica, proposta por Battese, Rao e O’Donnell (2004) (2004) e O’Donnell et al. (2008), para responder até que ponto essas diferenças regionais influenciam na eficiência da produção. Constatou-se que a hipótese de que os municípios pertencentes ao semiárido e ao não semiárido deparam-se com diferentes oportunidades de produção. Os resultados indicaram que, quando comparadas as duas regiões, o não semiárido possui a maior eficiência técnica média com referência à meta-fronteira.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the technological differences in agricultural production between the municipalities in the semiarid and non-semiarid Northeast Brazil. It uses the technological meta-frontier model proposed by Battese, Rao e O’Donnell (2004), and O’Donnell, Rao e Battese (2008), for responding to what extent these regional differences influence the efficiency of production. It was observed that the hypothesis that the municipalities belonging to the semiarid and non-semiarid face with different production opportunities. The results indicated, that comparing both regions, the non-semiarid region has the highest average technical efficiency with reference to meta-frontier.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pilomatricoma (epitelioma calcificante de Malherbe) representa cerca de 1% dos tumores benignos de pele. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo é rever as características clínicas e histopatológicas dessa lesão em pacientes tratados nos Departamentos de Cirurgia Plástica e Anatomia Patológica de um hospital geral. MÉTODO: Dados relacionados a 68 lesões, presentes em 56 pacientes, foram revisados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a excisão cirúrgica dos tumores. Os seguintes aspectos foram estudados: gênero, idade, localização e tamanho das lesões, diagnóstico pré-operatório, recorrência e características peculiares à histopatologia. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um pacientes eram do sexo masculino (55,4%) e 25, do feminino (44,6%). As lesões estavam localizadas na face (42,4%), membros superiores (19,7%), tronco (13,6%), membros inferiores (12,1%), pescoço (9,1%) e couro cabeludo (3,1%). Em um paciente, foi observada recorrência após o primeiro tratamento cirúrgico. Outra paciente apresentou lesões em vários locais, em cinco ocasiões diferentes. Um terceiro paciente teve o diagnóstico de pilomatricoma proliferante. Todos os tumores eram benignos. O diagnóstico clínico de pilomatricoma foi realizado pelo cirurgião em apenas 19,7% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: Pilomatricomas devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente dos nódulos de cabeça e pescoço. Exame clínico cuidadoso e conhecimento da lesão favorecem o diagnóstico preciso e, portanto, o tratamento adequado.

BACKGROUND: Pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) represents approximately 1% of all benign skin tumors. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the clinical and histopathological characteristics of this lesion in patients presenting to the Departments of Plastic Surgery and Pathology of a general hospital. METHODS: Data regarding 68 lesions in 56 patients were reviewed. All patients underwent surgical excision of the tumors. The medical records were reviewed for gender, age, lesion location and size, preoperative diagnosis, recurrence, and particular histopathological characteristics. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (55.4%) were male and 25 (44.6) female. The lesions were distributed in the face (42.4%), upper limbs (19.7%), trunk (13.6%), lower limbs (12.1%), neck (9.1%), and scalp (3.1%). In one patient, the condition recurred following the first surgical treatment. Another patient had multiple presentation of her lesions, that appeared in several locations and five different occasions. A third patient was diagnosed with proliferating pilomatricoma. All neoplasms were benign lesions. Pilomatricomas were clinically diagnosed by the surgeons only in 19.7% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pilomatricoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodules, especially those on the head and neck. Careful clinical examination and familiarity with the condition may lead to accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.