Abstract The feeding habits of Chironomidae in hill streams in the pampean region have not been described. In this study, we analyzed the gut contents of this insect family with an aim at establishing their diet in an intermittent stream in the Ventania-Hill system. We sampled three sites with different habitat characteristics (i. e., altitude, substrate type, and current velocity). Of the total of nine taxa were recorded, the only one present at all sites was Corynoneura sp. 1. The food items found were detritus, diatoms, filamentous chlorophytes, euglenophytes, vascular plants, fungi, and animal remains. Most of the taxa could be classified as gathering collectors, with those having a higher proportion of detritus in the gut contents although the guts of Pentaneura nr. cinerea, Cricotopus sp. 1, and Onconeura analiae included high proportions of animal remains. No differences in the feeding habits were attributable to the location in the stream. This research contributes to our understanding of the trophic habits of Chironomidae in an intermittent hill stream system of South America. described study VentaniaHill Ventania Hill i. i (i e e. altitude type velocity. velocity . velocity) recorded sp 1 diatoms chlorophytes euglenophytes plants fungi remains collectors nr cinerea America

Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects about six to seven million individuals worldwide. The distribution of cases is concentrated mainly throughout Latin America, especially in rural areas. This study aims to evaluate microRNAs (miRNAs) as indicators in CD diagnosis for possible contributions to its management. This is a literature review study, carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, Bireme Library, NCBI, Science Direct, and Embase databases, through which a total of 12 articles were included for qualitative analysis. The discussion of this review was based on the thematic axes regarding the modulation of T. cruzi in the immune system and the expression of miRNAs, their production and action, the modulation mechanism of host gene expression, how they act as biomarkers, the importance of miRNAs in the diagnosis of CD, and how their regulation occurs in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Moreover, T. cruzi infection is associated with the downregulation of several miRNAs, which directly related to the findings of hypertrophy and fibrosis. When quantified, these could be used as consistent indicators for CD to support the diagnosis of patients with CD complications, as well as a possible therapeutic target. However, the need for clinical studies that evaluate the usefulness of this biomarker in humans is emphasized, considering that in the present study, only experimental in vitro studies were evaluated, reflecting a lack of studies with practical applicability. (CD worldwide America areas (miRNAs management PubMed SciELO Library NCBI Direct databases 1 analysis T action biomarkers CCC. CCC . (CCC) Moreover fibrosis quantified complications target However emphasized evaluated applicability (CCC

Abstract Lowland streams are usually affected by river engineering works that produce the loss of habitat heterogeneity. Our aim was to assess the transplantation of macrophytes with different complexity into a lowland stream which was dredged and widened. Stuckenia pectinata and Hydrocleys nymphoides were collected at an extraction site and installed at a transplant site. The growth and coverage of macrophytes beds were quantified. Taxonomic richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, abundance, composition and proportion of functional feeding groups of the macroinvertebrate assemblage presented in macrophyte beds were assessed between sites and species. The growth of both macrophytes did not differ significantly between sites and the coverage of transplanted beds increased, therefore they established at the transplant site within a short period. Regarding to macroinvertebrate assemblage, only the functional feeding groups did not show differences between sites. Moreover, the proportion of predators presented differences between macrophytes at the same site, with H. nymphoides having a higher proportion. Our study showed that this technique is suitable for reintroducing these species and is applicable in rehabilitation projects that promote the restoration of habitat heterogeneity deteriorated by river engineering works. Also, we highlight the importance of incorporate macroinvertebrate functional traits to assess the ecological status after rehabilitation.

RESUMO A conscientização do público infantil sobre uso racional e práticas adequadas relacionadas a medicamentos incentiva a transformação a partir da educação infantil e impulsiona a multiplicação desse conhecimento nas famílias. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de ações de conscientização com público infantil visando a orientar e divulgar a forma correta de armazenamento e descarte de medicamentos realizada por um programa de extensão de uma instituição de ensino superior. As atividades foram realizadas em duas escolas públicas rurais de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, envolvendo alunos da pré-escola ao 8º ano do ensino fundamental. Elas foram planejadas e organizadas pelos extensionistas, que conduziram a abordagem das temáticas por meio de perguntas orais, orientação dialogada, com apoio de recurso audiovisual e quiz de assimilação de conteúdo. O público, de aproximadamente 125 pessoas, demonstrou aceitação e interesse pela temática, participando com relatos iniciais de práticas adotadas em suas residências e respondendo às perguntas no final das atividades. Verificaram-se tanto aprendizagem das informações pelas crianças quanto motivação para as práticas adequadas e multiplicação de conhecimento. As atividades educativas mostraram-se positivas e poderão ser subsídios para ações de educação em saúde, em outras localidades.

ABSTRACT Children awareness on the rational use and appropriate medicines-related practices encourages transformation through early childhood education and boosts the multiplication of such knowledge in families. In this perspective, the aim of this work is to report the experience of actions awareness with children aiming to guide and divulge the correct way of storage and disposal of medicines carried out by an extension program of an institution of higher education. The activities were carried out in two rural public schools of a municipality of the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, involving pre-school students to the 8th year of elementary school. They were planned and organized by extensionists, who led the approach to the topics through oral questions, negotiated orientation, with support of audiovisual resource and content assimilation quiz. The public, of approximately 125 people, showed acceptance and interest on the subject, participating with initial reports of practices adopted in their residences and answering the quiz questions at the end of the activities. The learning of children’s information and the motivation for appropriate practices and the multiplication of knowledge have been verified. The educational activities were positive and could be subsidies for actions of health education, in other locations.

RESUMO A conscientização do público infantil sobre uso racional e práticas adequadas relacionadas a medicamentos incentiva a transformação a partir da educação infantil e impulsiona a multiplicação desse conhecimento nas famílias. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de ações de conscientização com público infantil visando a orientar e divulgar a forma correta de armazenamento e descarte de medicamentos realizada por um programa de extensão de uma instituição de ensino superior. As atividades foram realizadas em duas escolas públicas rurais de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, envolvendo alunos da pré-escola ao 8º ano do ensino fundamental. Elas foram planejadas e organizadas pelos extensionistas, que conduziram a abordagem das temáticas por meio de perguntas orais, orientação dialogada, com apoio de recurso audiovisual e quiz de assimilação de conteúdo. O público, de aproximadamente 125 pessoas, demonstrou aceitação e interesse pela temática, participando com relatos iniciais de práticas adotadas em suas residências e respondendo às perguntas no final das atividades. Verificaram-se tanto aprendizagem das informações pelas crianças quanto motivação para as práticas adequadas e multiplicação de conhecimento. As atividades educativas mostraram-se positivas e poderão ser subsídios para ações de educação em saúde, em outras localidades.

ABSTRACT Children awareness on the rational use and appropriate medicines-related practices encourages transformation through early childhood education and boosts the multiplication of such knowledge in families. In this perspective, the aim of this work is to report the experience of actions awareness with children aiming to guide and divulge the correct way of storage and disposal of medicines carried out by an extension program of an institution of higher education. The activities were carried out in two rural public schools of a municipality of the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, involving pre-school students to the 8th year of elementary school. They were planned and organized by extensionists, who led the approach to the topics through oral questions, negotiated orientation, with support of audiovisual resource and content assimilation quiz. The public, of approximately 125 people, showed acceptance and interest on the subject, participating with initial reports of practices adopted in their residences and answering the quiz questions at the end of the activities. The learning of children’s information and the motivation for appropriate practices and the multiplication of knowledge have been verified. The educational activities were positive and could be subsidies for actions of health education, in other locations.

ABSTRACT Sinotaia quadrata is a snail native from Asia recorded for the first time in South America in 2009 in central Argentina. In 2015, this species was also found in a lowland stream with different water qualities. Our aims were to contribute to the knowledge of its population ecology and to compare the individuals from the two locations anatomically. Snails were searched at 6 sites, where physicochemical and hydraulic parameters were measured. Biological samples were also taken at two sites (S3 and S4) to study the population traits of S. cf quadrata (density, size structure, fecundity and sex ratio) and to assess the water quality through macroinvertebrates' biological indices (richness, diversity and IBPamp). Physicochemical and biological parameters allowed us classifying sites as "moderately polluted" (S3) and "heavily polluted" (S4). At S4, the population showed a lower density, larger individuals, higher fecundity and a scarce representation of young snails. The differences observed in the radula and mantle border of snails from the two geographical regions might be attributed to environmental differences. We conclude that this species is tolerant to a wide range of environmental variables which, along with its high fecundity and morphological plasticity, could allow this species to colonize neighbor streams.

Replacing regular urea (RU) by slow-release urea (SRU) at two levels of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in concentrate, offered with low-quality roughage, was evaluated in beef steers on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation parameters, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), total tract apparent digestibility of diets and in situ degradability of nitrogen sources. Eight ruminally cannulated steers were allocated into two 4x4 Latin squares, totalizing four treatments: 40 NPN/0 SRU: 40% of concentrate crude protein (CP) as NPN, resulting from 0% of SRU and 100% of RU; 40 NPN/50 SRU: 40% of concentrate CP as NPN, resulting from 50% of SRU and 50% of RU; 40 NPN/100 SRU: 40% of concentrate CP as NPN, resulting from 100% of SRU and 0% of RU; 80 NPN/100 SRU: 80% of concentrate CP as NPN, resulting from 100% of SRU and 0% of RU. Results showed that partial substitution of regular urea by slow-release urea did not alter dry matter intake, pattern of ruminal fermentation or plasma urea nitrogen concentrations and increased the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein in steers diets. The increase in non-protein nitrogen content in crude protein of the concentrate could compromise feed intake and the efficiency of nutrient utilization in the steers fed complete diets based on low quality forage.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA, do inglês methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) pode crescer como biofilme estruturado em diferentes superfícies, incluindo mucosa bucal e superfícies de próteses. Estes biofilmes podem se dispersar nos fluidos orais e ser aspirados, causando infecções sistêmicas, como a pneumonia aspirativa. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de duas soluções desinfetantes e irradiação por microondas na desinfecção de corpos-de-prova acrílicos contaminados com biofilme de MRSA. Trinta e seis espécimes de resina acrílica foram fabricados, esterilizados e contaminados com MRSA (107 ufc/mL). Após a incubação (37 °C/48 h), os espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos: não desinfetados (controle positivo); imersos em hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 10 min; imersos em gluconato de clorexidina 2% por 10 min e irradiados por microondas durante 3 min a 650 W. A viabilidade das células foi avaliada pelo método de redução de XTT. Todos os espécimes do grupo controle apresentaram formação de biofilme após 48 h de incubação. O valor médio de absorbância destes espécimes foi de 1.58 (OD a 492 nm). Nenhuma evidência de formação de biofilme foi observada em todas as amostras desinfetadas. A desinfecção em hipoclorito de sódio 1%, gluconato de clorexidina 2% e irradiação em microondas resultou em 100% de redução do metabolismo do biofilme de MRSA. O uso de soluções químicas e irradiação em microondas mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação do biofilme maduro de MRSA sobre corpos-de-prova de resina acrílica.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can grow as structured biofilm in different surfaces, including oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Such biofilms can be released into the oral fluids and aspirated, causing systemic infections such as aspiration pneumonia. This study evaluated the efficacy of two disinfectant solutions and microwave irradiation in disinfecting acrylic specimens contaminated with MRSA biofilm. Thirty-six acrylic specimens were made, sterilized and contaminated with MRSA (107 cfu/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 4 groups: not disinfected (positive control); soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min; soaking in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for 10 min; and irradiating by microwave for 3 min at 650 W. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. All specimens from the positive control group showed biofilm formation after 48 h incubation. The mean absorbance value of the control specimens was 1.58 (OD at 492 nm). No evidence of biofilm formation was observed on specimens after the disinfection methods. Disinfection by soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and irradiating by microwaves resulted in 100% reduction of MRSA biofilm metabolism. The use of chemical solutions and microwave irradiation was shown to be effective for eradicating mature MRSA biofilms on acrylic resin specimens.