ABSTRACT The political dimension of basic sanitation management in Brazil, especially the principle of participatory and democratic management, is one of the main challenges to guaranteeing access to these services as a human right. This article describes a proposal for governance of basic sanitation management guided by the system of guarantees of rights. We used a theoretical and methodological framework drawing on Juan Samaja’s theory of social reproduction. The study area comprises the municipalities that make up the Triangle and Upper Solimões River health regions in the state of Amazonas. The operationality of the management governance model is based on a matrix of elements comprising the responsibilities and competency of state and non-state institutions. These are distributed across different dimensions of social reproduction, which represent the locus of action of each institution, respecting their respective missions. The matrix is made up of transversal and intersectoral components that strengthen joint work processes, with the various subjects involved in the process acting in solidarity within the scope of the committee for the ongoing monitoring of living conditions and health.

RESUMO A dimensão política da gestão do saneamento básico no Brasil, sobretudo no que tange aos princípios da gestão participativa e democrática, constitui um dos maiores desafios a serem vencidos para garantir o acesso aos serviços como um direito humano. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever uma proposta de governança da gestão de saneamento básico orientada pela noção do sistema de garantias de direitos. O método foi do tipo teórico-metodológico, orientado pela teoria da reprodução social de Juan Samaja. A área de estudo correspondeu aos municípios das Regiões de Saúde do Triângulo e do Alto Solimões do Amazonas. A operacionalidade do modelo de governança da gestão foi baseada no matriciamento de elementos, que compreende as responsabilidades e competências das instituições estatais e não estatais. Essas foram distribuídas segundo as dimensões da reprodução social, a qual representa o lócus de atuação de cada uma delas, respeitando as suas respectivas missões. O dispositivo possui componentes de transversalidade e de intersetorialidade, que fortalecerão o processo de trabalho de forma compartilhada, com os vários sujeitos implicados atuando de forma solidária no âmbito do comitê de monitoração permanente das condições de vida e saúde do local.

ABSTRACT The political dimension of basic sanitation management in Brazil, especially the principle of participatory and democratic management, is one of the main challenges to guaranteeing access to these services as a human right. This article describes a proposal for governance of basic sanitation management guided by the system of guarantees of rights. We used a theoretical and methodological framework drawing on Juan Samaja’s theory of social reproduction. The study area comprises the municipalities that make up the Triangle and Upper Solimões River health regions in the state of Amazonas. The operationality of the management governance model is based on a matrix of elements comprising the responsibilities and competency of state and non-state institutions. These are distributed across different dimensions of social reproduction, which represent the locus of action of each institution, respecting their respective missions. The matrix is made up of transversal and intersectoral components that strengthen joint work processes, with the various subjects involved in the process acting in solidarity within the scope of the committee for the ongoing monitoring of living conditions and health. Brazil right rights Samajas Samaja s reproduction Amazonas nonstate non institutions institution missions processes

RESUMO A dimensão política da gestão do saneamento básico no Brasil, sobretudo no que tange aos princípios da gestão participativa e democrática, constitui um dos maiores desafios a serem vencidos para garantir o acesso aos serviços como um direito humano. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever uma proposta de governança da gestão de saneamento básico orientada pela noção do sistema de garantias de direitos. O método foi do tipo teórico-metodológico, orientado pela teoria da reprodução social de Juan Samaja. A área de estudo correspondeu aos municípios das Regiões de Saúde do Triângulo e do Alto Solimões do Amazonas. A operacionalidade do modelo de governança da gestão foi baseada no matriciamento de elementos, que compreende as responsabilidades e competências das instituições estatais e não estatais. Essas foram distribuídas segundo as dimensões da reprodução social, a qual representa o lócus de atuação de cada uma delas, respeitando as suas respectivas missões. O dispositivo possui componentes de transversalidade e de intersetorialidade, que fortalecerão o processo de trabalho de forma compartilhada, com os vários sujeitos implicados atuando de forma solidária no âmbito do comitê de monitoração permanente das condições de vida e saúde do local. Brasil democrática humano direitos teóricometodológico, teóricometodológico teórico metodológico, metodológico teórico-metodológico Samaja Amazonas elementos delas missões intersetorialidade compartilhada local

Abstract This study aims to determine and compare the metabolizable energy values and metabolizability coefficients of three types of corn oil (crude, semi-refined, and acid) for broiler chickens. 240 Cobb500™ chickens were randomly allocated into metabolic cages, resulting in four treatments, ten replicates, and six birds per experimental unit. The birds fed on diets specific to each treatment. Total excreta was collected from the day 23rd to the 27th. Gross energy (GE), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were calculated for each oil type. The metabolizability coefficient values of ether extracts (MCEE) were also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey test at a 5% probability. There was a significant difference in AME and MCEE values (P<0.05). Crude corn oil showed higher AME and MCEE values than acid corn oil. The findings are crude corn oil - GE: 9,330 kcal/kg, AME: 8,916.84 kcal/kg, AMEn: 8,905.60 kcal/kg, MCEE: 97.14%; semi-refined corn oil - GE: 9,480 kcal/kg, AME: 8,547.99 kcal/kg, AMEn: 8,303.46 kcal/kg, MCEE: 96.64%; acid corn oil - GE: 9,114 kcal/kg, AME: 7,197.73 kcal/kg, AMEn: 7,515.68 kcal/kg, MCEE: 96.17%. crude, (crude semirefined, semirefined semi refined, refined 24 Cobb500 Cobb cages treatments replicates unit treatment rd 27th th GE, GE , (GE) AME, (AME) nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn (AMEn type (MCEE determined 5 probability P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 . 0 05 (P<0.05) 9330 9 330 9,33 kcalkg kcal kg kcal/kg 891684 8 916 84 8,916.8 890560 905 60 8,905.6 97.14% 9714 97 14 9480 480 9,48 854799 547 99 8,547.9 830346 303 46 8,303.4 96.64% 9664 96 64 9114 114 9,11 719773 7 197 73 7,197.7 751568 515 68 7,515.6 9617 17 96.17% 2 Cobb50 (GE (AME P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 933 33 9,3 89168 91 8,916. 89056 90 6 8,905. 97.14 971 1 948 48 9,4 85479 54 8,547. 83034 30 4 8,303. 96.64 966 911 11 9,1 71977 19 7,197. 75156 51 7,515. 961 96.17 Cobb5 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 93 3 9, 8916 8,916 8905 8,905 97.1 94 8547 8,547 8303 8,303 96.6 7197 7,197 7515 7,515 96.1 P<0 (P<0. 891 8,91 890 8,90 97. 854 8,54 830 8,30 96. 719 7,19 751 7,51 P< (P<0 89 8,9 85 8,5 83 8,3 71 7,1 75 7,5 (P< 8, 7, (P

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar e comparar os valores de energia metabolizável e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade de três tipos de óleo de milho (bruto, semi-refinado e ácido) em frangos de corte. Foram usados 240 frangos da linhagem Cobb500™, distribuídos aleatoriamente em gaiolas metabólicas com quatro tratamentos, 10 repetições e 6 aves por unidade experimental. As aves foram alimentadas com rações específicas para cada tratamento, e a coleta total de excretas foi realizada dos dias 23 a 27. Os valores de energia bruta (EB), energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) foram calculados para cada tipo de óleo. Os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo (CMEE) também foram determinados. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada por meio do teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Houve diferença significativa para os valores de EMA e CMEE (P<0,05). O óleo de milho bruto apresentou maiores valores EMA quando comparado ao óleo de milho ácido. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado para o CMEE (P<0,05). Os valores encontrados para os óleos foram: óleo de milho bruto - EB: 9330 kcal/kg, EMA: 8916,84 kcal/kg, EMAn: 8905,60 kcal/kg, CMEE: 97,14%; óleo de milho semi refinado - EB: 9480 kcal/kg, EMA: 8547,99 kcal/kg, EMAn: 8303,46 kcal/kg, CMEE: 96,64%; óleo de milho ácido - EB: 9114 kcal/kg, EMA: 7197,73 kcal/kg, EMAn: 7515,68 kcal/kg, CMEE: 96,17%. bruto, (bruto semirefinado corte 24 Cobb500 Cobb Cobb500™ tratamentos 1 experimental tratamento 2 27 EB, EB , (EB) (EMA EMAn (EMAn (CMEE determinados 5 probabilidade P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 . 0 05 (P<0,05) 933 kcalkg kcal kg kcal/kg 891684 8916 84 8916,8 890560 8905 60 8905,6 97,14% 9714 97 14 948 854799 8547 99 8547,9 830346 8303 46 8303,4 96,64% 9664 96 64 911 719773 7197 73 7197,7 751568 7515 68 7515,6 9617 17 96,17% Cobb50 (EB P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 93 89168 891 8 8916, 89056 890 8905, 97,14 971 9 94 85479 854 8547, 83034 830 4 8303, 96,64 966 91 71977 719 7 7197, 75156 751 7515, 961 96,17 Cobb5 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 89 97,1 85 83 96,6 71 75 96,1 P<0 (P<0, 97, 96, P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract In our study, we aimed to validate a method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantify spironolactone (SPI) and its active metabolite canrenone (CAN) simultaneously in plasma samples to support in vivo experiments. Compounds were separated by using a C18 column with the isocratic elution of a mobile phase composed of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in methanol-water (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. SPI and CAN were detected in na electrospray interface operating in a positive ionization mode and quantified using the selective ion mode monitoring of mass-charge ratios (m/z) of 439.0 for SPI and 363.1 for CAN. After calculating the matrix effect using theoretical equations, we observed the strong interference of plasma in the equipment-generated signal, which required creating analytical curves using the matrix as a solvent. The method was nevertheless linear (r 2 > 0.999) in a concentration range of 0.4-5.0 μg mL−1, as well as precise, with a coefficient of variation less than 5%. SPI’s and CAN’s recovery rates from the plasma ranged from 87.4% to 112.1%, while their limits of detection (i.e., 0.07 μg mL−1 and 0.03 μg mL−1, respectively) and quantification (i.e., 0.20 μg mL−1 and 0.08 μg mL−1, respectively) in the presence of plasma contaminants were low. Therefore, the bioanalytical method seems to be feasible for quantifying SPI and CAN in plasma. study chromatographymass chromatography mass LCMS LC MS (LC-MS (SPI (CAN experiments C C1 01 0 1 0.1 v/v vv v (v/v methanolwater methanol water 6040 60 40 (60:4 04 4 0. min1 min min−1 masscharge charge m/z mz m z (m/z 4390 439 439. 3631 363 363. equations equipmentgenerated equipment generated signal solvent r 0.999 0999 999 0.45.0 0450 5.0 5 0.4-5. mL1 precise 5% SPIs s CANs 874 87 87.4 1121 112 112.1% i.e., ie i e (i.e. 007 07 0.0 mL− 003 03 respectively 020 20 0.2 008 08 low Therefore 604 6 (60: min− 43 36 0.99 099 99 45 0.45. 045 50 5. 0.4-5 8 87. 11 112.1 i.e. (i.e 00 02 (60 3 0.9 09 9 0.45 0.4- 112. i.e (6 (

Amides have been recognized as potent insecticidal natural products but, despite their variety of targets and mechanisms of action, their metabolic fate in insects is virtually unknown. The currently accepted hypothesis is that specialist herbivores are capable of biotransforming xenobiotics rendering them more polar and excretable while generalist insects do not have comparable capacity. The leaves from Piper tuberculatum, rich in insecticide amides, were offered to two insect species found on Piper leaves under natural conditions and also to four generalist grasshoppers in order to compare their capacity of biotransforming xenobiotics. The amides 1-7 were identified in the P. tuberculatum leaves and their corresponding carboxylic acids 8-13 were detected in frass samples of two host insects suggesting that these species promote the amides hydrolysis. The four generalist grasshoppers when offered P. tuberculatum leaves, starved to death after 72 h, indicating a strong antifeedant activity of P. tuberculatum leaves.

Abstract The ants of the genus Atta are considered important pests to agriculture in the Americas, although Atta species are also important contributors to ecosystem functions in the various habitats in which they occur. The aim of this study was to assemble four complete mitochondrial genomes of the genus Atta, construct the phylogenomic tree, and analyze the gene content, order, and organization. The mitogenomes of A. colombica, A. opaciceps, A. texana, and A. sexdens rubropilosa comprise 18,392, 19,257, 19,709, and 19,748 bp, respectively. The four Atta mitogenomes showed the charactistics typical of those of insects, with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs, with genes displayed in the conventional order. Analysis for intergenic spacer regions showed that Atta intergenic spacers are larger than those of the outgroups. Phylogenomic analyses using partial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences showed similar topologies to previous phylogenetic analyses, with high clade support values. We conclude that Atta mitogenomes are characterized by high conservation in gene order and have giant intergenic spacers in the genus Atta.

Abstract Stevia rebaudiana belongs to the Asteraceae family with high economic and medicinal potential. This article describes and illustrates morphological and histological aspects of leaves and reproductive organs, and the germination process, to provide detailed information on this species and to contribute to taxonomic, phylogenetic and pharmacobotanical projects. The fruit is a cypsela, small, simple, dry, indehiscent, monospermic, light or dark colored, with aristate pappus, and the seed presents a spatulate axile embryo. Germination is phaneroepigeal with a pivotal root system and many absorbing root hairs. The leaves are simple, elliptical to obovate, with two types of trichomes (glandular and tector), with a short petiole, exhibiting an opposite decussate phyllotaxy. Our results showed 37.5% germination after 12 days, only in the dark cypsela, the light colored being considered unviable. The inflorescence is paniculate and the florets are grouped in capitula with isomorphic ends, monoclinous (bisexual), dichlamydeous, heterochlamydeous, pentamerous calyx and corolla, gamossepalous and gamopetalous. The androecium is gamostemone comprised of five stamens with free filaments, isodynamous and epipetalous stamens, synandrous and rimose anthers. The flower presents an inferior ovary, bicarpelar, unilocular and ovules with a basal placentation. The pollen grains are small, isopolar, radial symmetry, tricolporate, with echinate ornamentation.

Enteric nervous plexuses have been the object of several studies, specially the myenteric plexus whose studies describe its organization, functions and alterations. On the other hand, the submucosal plexus has been less studied and still needs descriptive studies. To analyze morphologically and quantitatively submucosal neurons of the jejunum of 90-day-old healthy rats using different techniques for neuronal staining as a way to provide normality data to compare with future experimental studies. Whole mount preparations of the jejunum were submitted to Giemsa, NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase techniques to stain the total neuronal population, more metabolically active subpopulation and subpopulation of nitrergic neurons, respectively. Neurons of the submucosal plexus of adult rats are mainly organized in ganglia with varied sized and shapes. Giemsa technique stained 243.93 ± 7.68 neurons per mm2. Regarding the total population stained by Giemsa, NADH- diaphorase positive (139.09 ± 11.14/mm2) neurons represented 57 % and NADPH-diaphorase positive (18.17 ± 0.28/mm2) represented 7.5 %. The area of the cell body was bigger in nitrergic neurons (412.29 ± 150.22) than in the ones stained by Giemsa (254.71 ± 63.32) and NADH-diaphorase positive (243.98 ± 123.82).

El plexo nervioso entérico ha sido objeto de varios estudios, especialmente el plexo mientérico, cuyos estudios consisten en describir su organización, funciones y alteraciones. Por otro lado, el plexo submucoso ha sido menos investigado y todavía necesita estudios descriptivos. Para analizar morfológica y cuantitativamente las neuronas de la submucosa del yeyuno de ratas de 90 días de edad, se realizaron diferentes técnicas de tinción neuronales, en animales sanos, como una forma de proporcionar datos de normalidad y compararlo con futuros estudios experimentales. Se realizaron montajes con preparados enteros del yeyuno que fueron sometidos a las técnicas de Giemsa, de NADPH-diaforasa y NADH-diaforasa para teñir la población total neuronal, subpoblación más activa metabólicamente y subpoblación de neuronas nitrérgicas, respectivamente. Las neuronas del plexo submucoso de ratas adultas se organizan principalmente en los ganglios con variaciones de tamaño y formas. Con la técnica de Giemsa se tiñeron 243.93±7.68 neuronas por mm2. Con respecto a la población total teñida con Giemsa, fueron positivas para NADH- diaforasa en 139.09 ±11.14 / mm2 neuronas, representando el 57% y fueron positivas para NADPH-diaforasa en 18,17 ± 0,28 / mm2 neuronas, lo que representó el 7,5%. El área del cuerpo celular fue mayor en neuronas nitrérgicas (412,29 ± 150.22) que en las teñidas con Giemsa (254,71 ± 63,32) y NADH-diaforasa positivas (243,98 ± 123,82).

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the placement of nursing officers at the Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital and examine the strategies applied to recognize their military and professional worth. Method: the sources for this historical social study were written documents and interviews with nurses of the first class 1981-1984. Data were organized, classified and analyzed by the historical method, in the light of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field. The research ethics committee of the Anna Nery School of Nursing approved the study (protocol No. 105/2009). Results: the unprecedented presence of nurse officers in a military hospital was found to lead to a reclassification of positions of power, since these military nurses replaced the female civilians in charge of nursing. Conclusion: the entry of women into a masculine space reasserted relations of inequality through symbolic violence legitimized by the different capitals, which led to symbolic struggles between the nursing officers and other agents for professional recognition.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la inserción de las enfermeras oficiales en el Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias y analizar las estrategias llevadas a cabo para el reconocimiento de su capital militar y profesional. Método: estudio histórico y social, cuyas fuentes fueron documentos escritos y entrevistas con las enfermeras de primera clase, en 1981-1984. Los datos fueron organizados, clasificados y analizados de acuerdo con el método histórico, a la luz de los conceptos de habitus y campo, de Pierre Bourdieu. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Escuela Anna Nery, bajo protocolo no 105/2009. Resultados: se demostró que la presencia inédita de las oficiales enfermeras en hospital militar dio lugar a la reclasificación de los puestos de poder, ya que estas enfermeras militares reemplazaron las civiles en el comando de la enfermería. Conclusión: el ingreso de las mujeres en un espacio masculino reafirmó las relaciones de desigualdad a través de la violencia simbólica legitimada por los diferentes capitales, lo que provocó luchas simbólicas entre las oficiales enfermeras y los demás agentes por el reconocimiento profesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a inserção de oficiais enfermeiras no Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias e analisar as estratégias empreendidas para o reconhecimento de seu capital militar e profissional. Método: estudo histórico-social, cujas fontes foram documentos escritos e entrevistas com enfermeiras da primeira turma, períodoque 1981-1984. Os dados foram organizados, classificados e analisados conforme o método histórico, à luz dos conceitos de habitus e campo, de Pierre Bourdieu. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola Anna Nery, com protocolo nº 105/2009. Resultados: evidenciou-se que a presença inédita de oficiais enfermeiras em hospital militar ensejou a reclassificação das posições de poder, uma vez que estas enfermeiras militares substituíram as civis no comando da enfermagem. Conclusão: a entrada de mulheres em um espaço masculino reafirmou as relações de desigualdade, mediante a violência simbólica legitimada pelos diferentes capitais, o que ensejou lutas simbólicas entre as oficiais enfermeiras e os demais agentes pelo reconhecimento profissional.

Abstract To elucidate the factors which control the flower phenotypic plasticity of Catasetum fimbriatum, studies focusing the floral development of the species were performed. The treatments were: high light intensity (1613 μmol.m-2.s-1); low light intensity (454 μmol.m-2.s-1) and mean light intensity (827 μmol.m-2.s-1). The floral morphology and anatomy were analyzed to evaluate of the sequence of tissue development involved in the sexual differentiation. We found the presence of cell cluster with meristematic features in the ovaries and gynostemium of the male and female diclinous flowers. These are responsible for the definition of the sexual expression of the species, in the dependence of the environmental stimulus, related to the endogenous concentration of ethylene, allowing, consequently, the dedifferentiation and re-differentiation of those clusters in the sexual determination of the flowers. There were no anatomical differences in floral tissues in different treatments.

Racional: Os tumores estromais ou mesenquimais gastrointetinais (GIST) são lesões originárias da parede do tubo digestivo cujo tratamento requer remoção cirúrgica. Diversas técnicas por via laparoscópica - gastrectomias e ressecções segmentares - têm sido empregadas com sucesso. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de um serviço de cirurgia com ressecção laparoscópica de GIST. Métodos: Foram avaliados 15 pacientes com GIST operados revisados retrospectivamente. Treze tiveram lesões gástricas, das quais 10 eram subepiteliais entre 2-8 cm. Três eram lesões exofíticas puras. Dois apresentavam lesões no intestino delgado. O tratamento cirúrgico por laparoscopia consistiu de duas gastrectomias distais; 11 ressecções gástricas em cunha e duas enterectomias segmentares. Sutura mecânica foi utilizada na maioria dos doentes, exceto em seis com suturas absorvíveis manuais. Não houve conversões para laparotomia. Resultados: O tempo médio das operações foi de 89±92 min (40-420). A hospitalização média foi de três dias (2-6). Não houve fístula, sangramento pós-operatório ou necessidade de reintervenção por complicação cirúrgica. O seguimento médio pós-operatorio foi de 38±17 meses (6-60). Três pacientes foram encaminhados para terapia adjuvante com mesilato de imatinib, um deles por recidiva precoce aos cinco meses, e os outros dois por apresentarem risco moderado para recidiva. Conclusão: A ressecção laparoscópica de GIST, mesmo os maiores de 5 cm, é procedimento factível e seguro.

Background : Gastrointestinal mesenchymal or stromal tumors (GIST) are lesions originated on digestive tract walls, which are treated by surgical resection. Several laparoscopic techniques, from gastrectomies to segmental resections, have been used successfully. Aim : Describe a single center experience on laparoscopic GIST resection. Method : Charts of 15 operated patients were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen had gastric lesions, of which ten were sub epithelial, ranging from 2-8 cm; and three were pure exofitic growing lesions. The remaining two patients had small bowel lesions. Surgical laparoscopic treatment consisted of two distal gastrectomies, 11 wedge gastric resections and two segmental enterectomies. Mechanical suture was used in the majority of patients except on six, which underwent resection and closure using manual absorbable sutures. There were no conversions to open technique. Results : Mean operative time was 1h 29 min±92 (40-420 min). Average lenght of hospital stay was three days (2-6 days). There were no leaks, postoperative bleeding or need for reintervention. Mean postoperative follow-up was 38±17 months (6-60 months). Three patients underwent adjuvant Imatinib treatment, one for recurrence five months postoperatively and two for tumors with moderate risk for recurrence . Conclusion : Laparoscopic GIST resection, not only for small lesions but also for tumors above 5 cm, is safe and acceptable technique.

RESUMO: Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos da antibioticoterapia no crescimento de plantas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiros, bem como na comunidade bacteriana endofítica da espécie, realizaram-se análises moleculares. Verificou-se a presença de endófitos no interior das microplantas, mesmo após 30 dias de cultivo em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com diferentes antibióticos, e analisou-se o crescimento da parte aérea e radicular das microplantas. Decorrido o período de 30 dias de cultivo, constatou-se ainda a presença de bactérias endofíticas, no entanto, as microplantas apresentaram acentuada redução no crescimento da parte aérea e radicular, evidenciando assim a influência da microbiota endofítica no crescimento das microplantas in vitro e a importância da manutenção do equilíbrio endofítos/microplanta.

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the antibiotic therapy effects in the growing of micropropagated pineapple plants as well as in the community of the endophytic bacterial of the species. It was performed molecular analyzes and verified the presence of endophytes within microplants even after 30 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with different antibiotics and analyzed the development growth of shoots and roots of microplants. After the period of 30 days of cultivation, even being checked the presence of endophytic bacteria, it was verified that the microplants showed reduction of the growing of shoots and roots, thereby demonstrating the influence of in vitro endophytic microorganisms in the development of microplants, and the importance of maintaining it in equilibrium with endophytes/ microplants.

AbstractExtinction risk assessments are important tools for plant conservation. However, misinterpretations can lead to negative consequences for survival of species. Inconsistent categorization as extinction, when the species is still extant, constitutes a Romeo error, and annuls all and any mechanism of existing legal protection. But precisely determining the extinction of a plant species is a challenging task, in that the plants can portray characteristics that permit survival in a state of dormancy. To circumvent this problem, specialists frequently adopt precaution and a comprehensive approach that consider biological, ecological, and geographical parameters as inputs for the assessments. It is also important to include explicit logic arguments, as building-blocks of the rational that will support the assessment. Transparent interpretation of the available data can minimize inconsistent categorization. In Brazil, 23% of the plant species assessed as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild, comprise Romeo errors. The other 77% are cases of Data Deficient. Countries that succeeded in minimizing problems arising from this error developed specific legislation to protect threatened species, including mechanisms to annul an erroneous categorizations. Anyhow, the use of categories Extinct (EX) and Extinct in the Wild (EW) according to IUCN definitions should be avoided when no effort has been made to provide evidence of extinction in the wild.

Objetivou-se avaliar os teores foliares nutricionais de minicepas de Eucalyptus benthamii em relação a diferentes concentrações de Zn e B ao longo de sucessivas coletas de brotações. As brotações foram oriundas de minicepas fertirrigadas com soluções nutritivas variando nas concentrações de Zn e B (S1 - isento de Zn e B, S2 - 0,5 mg L-1 de Zn, S3 - 0,5 mg L-1 de B, S4 - 0,5 mg L-1 de Zn e B, S5 - 1,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B, S6 - 2,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B), sendo realizadas oito coletas de brotações do minijardim clonal. Ao longo do experimento foram determinados o teor nutricional foliar de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Considerou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Os teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes variaram significativamente em relação aos tratamentos avaliados, sendo que as soluções S5 e S6 apresentaram as melhores respostas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the foliar nutrient content in Eucalyptus benthamii mini-stumps treated with different Zn and B concentrations during successive shoot collections. Shoots were collected from mini-stumps fertigated with nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of Zn and B (S1 - free of Zn and B; S2 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn; S3 - 0.5 mg L-1 B; S4 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn and B; S5 - 1.0 mg L-1 Zn and B; S6 - 2.0 mg L-1 Zn and B). Eight shoot collections from the clonal mini-garden were performed. For each shoot collection, the nutritional content of the leaf was determined (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). The experiment was conducted using a randomized design with a split plot and included three replications. The foliar macro and micronutrient contents varied significantly in relation to the treatments, and the S5 and S6 nutritive solutions presented the best responses.

Objetivou-se avaliar o enraizamento adventício em miniestacas de Eucalyptus benthamii em relação ao genótipo, concentrações de Zn e B, coleta de brotações e aplicação de AIB. As brotações foram oriundas de minicepas fertirrigadas com soluções nutritivas variando nas concentrações de Zn e B (S1 - isento de Zn e B, S2 - 0,5 mg L-1 de Zn, S3 - 0,5 mg L-1 de B, S4 - 0,5 mg L-1 de Zn e B, S5 - 1,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B, S6 - 2,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B). A região basal da miniestaca foi imersa durante 10 s em solução contendo 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB, sendo uma solução isenta de AIB utilizada como controle. Avaliaram-se a sobrevivência das miniestacas na saída da casa de vegetação, na saída da casa de sombra e em área de pleno sol. Em área de pleno sol foram avaliadas apenas as miniestacas enraizadas, e destas, o comprimento total do sistema radicial. O enraizamento adventício em miniestacas de Eucalyptus benthamii dependeu do material genético, da coleta de brotações, da aplicação de AIB e das concentrações de Zn e B. A porcentagem de enraizamento foi baixa, sendo que os materiais genéticos foram considerados de difícil propagação pela miniestaquia. Em termos gerais, as miniestacas obtidas de minicepas fertirrigadas com as soluções nutritivas S5 (1,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B) e S6 (2,0 mg L-1 de Zn e B) associadas a presença de AIB na concentração de 2.000 mg L-1 apresentaram os maiores índices de enraizamento.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of adventitious rooting in Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings regarding to genotype, Zn and B concentrations, shoot collections and IBA application. Shoots for the mini-cuttings confection were collected from mini-stumps fertigated with nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of Zn and B (S1 - free of Zn and B, S2 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn, S3 - 0.5 mg L-1 B, S4 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn and B, S5 - 1.0 mg L-1 Zn and B, S6 - 2.0 mg L-1 Zn and B). The basal portion of the mini-cuttings was immersed for 10 s in a solution containing 2,000 mg L-1IBA. A free IBA solution was used as control. The mini-cuttings survival in greenhouse, shade-house and in full sun area were evaluated. In full sun area, only the rooted mini-cuttings were evaluated, and of these, the total length of the root system was measured. The adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings depended of the genotype, Zn and B concentrations, shoots collections and IBA application. In general, the adventitious rooting percentage was low, and the genotypes were considered difficult to propagation by mini-cuttings technique. The mini-cuttings collected of mini-stumps fertigated with nutrient solutions S5 (1.0 mg L-1 Zn and B) and S6 (2.0 mg L-1 Zn and B) associated with the presence of IBA in the concentration of 2,000 mg L-1 presented the greater adventitious rooting percentage.