Resumo Este artigo compara os achados da Avaliação da Rede Cegonha (ARC), estudo avaliativo sobre o programa Rede Cegonha (RC), com o Nascer no Brasil (NB), inquérito nacional sobre parto e nascimento, realizado em 2011-12, antes do início da implementação da RC. A ARC foi conduzida em 2017, em 606 maternidades envolvidas na RC e o NB e empregou uma amostra com representatividade nacional de 266 hospitais. Na análise atual, incluímos os 136 hospitais do SUS que participaram de ambos os estudos, totalizando 3.790 e 12.227 puérperas, respectivamente. Realizamos as comparações de boas práticas e intervenções no manejo do trabalho de parto e de parto utilizando o teste qui-quadrado para amostras independentes. A prevalência das boas práticas foi, em média, 150% maior na ARC que no NB, com maior aumento relativo nas regiões menos desenvolvidas, para mulheres mais velhas, pardas e pretas e menos escolarizadas. Com relação às intervenções, houve redução média de 30% entre o NB e a ARC, com maior redução relativa nas regiões menos desenvolvidas e nas mulheres menos escolarizadas. Houve melhoria significativa no cenário da atenção ao trabalho de parto e parto, com diminuição de iniquidades regionais, de nível de instrução e raciais no acesso às tecnologias apropriadas, sugerindo que a intervenção da RC foi efetiva.

Abstract This article compares the findings of “Avaliação da Rede Cegonha” (ARC – Stork Network Assessment), an evaluative study on the Rede Cegonha (RC – Stork Network) program, with Nascer no Brasil (NB – Born in Brazil), a national survey on labor and birth, conducted in 2011-12, before the start implementation of RC. ARC was conducted in 2017, in 606 maternity hospitals involved in RC and NB included a sample with national representation of 266 hospitals. In the current analysis, we included the 136 SUS hospitals that participated in both studies, totaling 3,790 and 12,227 puerperal women. We perform comparisons of best practices and interventions in the management of labor and delivery using Pearson’s chi-square test for independent samples. The prevalence of best practices was, on average, 150% higher in ARC than in NB, with a greater relative increase in less developed regions, for older, brown and black women and less educated. Regarding interventions, there was an average reduction of 30% between NB and ARC, with a greater relative reduction in less developed regions and less educated women. There was a significant improvement in the scenario of care for labor and childbirth, with a reduction in regional, educational and racial inequalities in access to appropriate technologies, suggesting that the RC intervention was effective.

Resumo Este artigo compara os achados da Avaliação da Rede Cegonha (ARC), estudo avaliativo sobre o programa Rede Cegonha (RC), com o Nascer no Brasil (NB), inquérito nacional sobre parto e nascimento, realizado em 2011-12, antes do início da implementação da RC. A ARC foi conduzida em 2017, em 606 maternidades envolvidas na RC e o NB e empregou uma amostra com representatividade nacional de 266 hospitais. Na análise atual, incluímos os 136 hospitais do SUS que participaram de ambos os estudos, totalizando 3.790 e 12.227 puérperas, respectivamente. Realizamos as comparações de boas práticas e intervenções no manejo do trabalho de parto e de parto utilizando o teste qui-quadrado para amostras independentes. A prevalência das boas práticas foi, em média, 150% maior na ARC que no NB, com maior aumento relativo nas regiões menos desenvolvidas, para mulheres mais velhas, pardas e pretas e menos escolarizadas. Com relação às intervenções, houve redução média de 30% entre o NB e a ARC, com maior redução relativa nas regiões menos desenvolvidas e nas mulheres menos escolarizadas. Houve melhoria significativa no cenário da atenção ao trabalho de parto e parto, com diminuição de iniquidades regionais, de nível de instrução e raciais no acesso às tecnologias apropriadas, sugerindo que a intervenção da RC foi efetiva.

Abstract This article compares the findings of “Avaliação da Rede Cegonha” (ARC – Stork Network Assessment), an evaluative study on the Rede Cegonha (RC – Stork Network) program, with Nascer no Brasil (NB – Born in Brazil), a national survey on labor and birth, conducted in 2011-12, before the start implementation of RC. ARC was conducted in 2017, in 606 maternity hospitals involved in RC and NB included a sample with national representation of 266 hospitals. In the current analysis, we included the 136 SUS hospitals that participated in both studies, totaling 3,790 and 12,227 puerperal women. We perform comparisons of best practices and interventions in the management of labor and delivery using Pearson’s chi-square test for independent samples. The prevalence of best practices was, on average, 150% higher in ARC than in NB, with a greater relative increase in less developed regions, for older, brown and black women and less educated. Regarding interventions, there was an average reduction of 30% between NB and ARC, with a greater relative reduction in less developed regions and less educated women. There was a significant improvement in the scenario of care for labor and childbirth, with a reduction in regional, educational and racial inequalities in access to appropriate technologies, suggesting that the RC intervention was effective.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and the thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins. Eleven composite resin samples were prepared to evaluate the DC, Vickers microhardness (VMH), mass and residue/particle loss, glass transition temperature (Tg), enthalpy, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microdurometer analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dilatometry (DIL). The data were subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%. DC and VMH were not influenced by the polymerized side of the sample, and statistical differences were recorded only among the materials. Decomposition temperature, melting, and mass and residue loss were dependent on the material and on the evaluation condition (polymerized and non-polymerized). Tg values were similar between the composites, without statistically significant difference, and CTE ranged from 10.5 to 37.1 (10-6/°C), with no statistical difference between the materials. There was a moderate negative correlation between CTE and the % of load particles, by weight. Most resins had a DC above that which is reported in the literature. TGA, Tg, and CTE analyses showed the thermal behavior of the evaluated composites, providing data for future research, assisting with the choice of material for direct or semidirect restorations, and helping choose the appropriate temperature for increasing the DC of such materials.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect, degree of conversion (% DC), Vickers hardness (VH), and surface morphology of composite resins. Eleven resins, nine bulk-fill resins, and two conventional resins were evaluated. Each material was sampled to evaluate DC (using FTIR), VH, cytotoxicity (using MTT and Neutral Red - NR test), surface morphology (using SEM and AFM), and organic filler (using EDS). All statistical tests were performed with SPSS and the level of significance was set at 0.05. MTT revealed that the materials presented low or no cytotoxic potential in relation to the control. Opus was the resin with the lowest cell viability at a 1:2 concentration at 72 h (32%) and at 7 days (43%), but that significantly increased when the NR test was applied at a 1:2 concentration after 7 days. Thickness and surface subjected to polymerization had no influence on DC, and differences were observed only between the materials. In the microhardness test, statistical differences were observed between the evaluated thicknesses. The bulk-fill resins analyzed in this study exhibited low and/or no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, except for Opus, which showed moderate cytotoxicity according to the MTT assay. When the NR test was used, results were not satisfactory for all composites, indicating the need for different methodologies to evaluate the properties of these materials. The assessed resins demonstrated acceptable physicomechanical properties.

Neste artigo, foi avaliada a atividade antiviral da alga marinha Ulva fasciata, coletada nas Praias do Forno e Rasa, em Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre a replicação do metapneumovírus humano (HMPV). Os extratos desta alga foram preparados utilizando três diferentes metodologias, visando a comparação da atividade de diferentes grupos de compostos químicos que são obtidos dependendo da metodologia empregada. Quatro, do total de seis extratos foram capazes de inibir praticamente 100% da replicação viral. Os resultados demonstram também que a maioria dos extratos (cinco, dos seis), possui atividade virucida e, portanto, possuem a habilidade de interagir com a partícula viral extracelularmente impedindo a infecção. Por outro lado, apenas dois extratos (coletado da Praia do Forno e, preparado através de maceração e maceração do decocto) foram capazes de se ligar a receptores celulares, impossibilitando assim a entrada das partículas virais nas células. Finalmente, apenas o extrato que foi preparado por maceração da alga coletada na Praia do Forno, demonstrou atividade intracelular. Até onde sabemos, este é um estudo pioneiro sobre a atividade antiviral de algas marinhas sobre o HMPV. É também o primeiro estudo sobre atividade antiviral sobre HMPV realizado no Brasil. O estudo também mostra o efeito de diferentes condições ambientais e procedimentos químicos utilizados na preparação do extrato sobre suas propriedades biológicas.

We evaluated the antiviral activity of the marine alga, Ulva fasciata, collected from Rasa beach and Forno beach, Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on the replication of human metapneumovirus (HMPV). The algae extracts were prepared using three different methodologies to compare the activity of different groups of chemical composites obtained through these different methodologies. Four out of the six extracts inhibited nearly 100% of viral replication. The results demonstrated that the majority of the extracts (five out of six) possess virucidal activity and therefore have the ability to interact with the extracellular viral particles and prevent the infection. On the other hand, only two extracts (from Forno beach, obtained by maceration and maceration of the decoction) were able to interact with cell receptors, hindering the viral entry. Finally, only the extract of algae collected at Forno beach, obtained by maceration presented intracellular activity. To our knowledge, this is a pioneer study on antiviral activity of marine algae against HMPV. It is also the first on antiviral activity against HMPV ever done in Brazil. The study also shows the effect of different environment factors and different chemical procedures used to obtain the extract on its biological properties.