SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Because of the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, studies on vaccination are being conducted in our country as well as across the world. In this study, the antibody levels in healthcare workers vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccine and the factors affecting these levels were investigated. METHODS: Randomly selected volunteers from healthcare workers, who had been vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccine in January to February 2021, were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn twice, 1 month and 6 months after the second dose vaccine (CoronaVac:Sinovac Life Science Co, Ltd, Beijing, China). The antibody levels were determined by the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay method using kits for quantitative detection of immunoglobulin class G antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. RESULTS: The mean antibody levels of 129 volunteers were 1232.5 (min: 103 to max: 7151) AU/mL in the first month and 403.5 (min: 23 to max: 4963) AU/mL in the sixth month. According to the survey results, 91 (71%) volunteers had not been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 before vaccination. The antibody levels 1 month and 6 months after the second dose of vaccination were significantly higher in those who had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 before vaccination than in those who had not. It was found that age, gender, fast food, or healthy nutrition had no effect on antibody levels. CONCLUSION: Vaccines are very important both to protect against coronavirus disease 19 and to experience only a mild form of the disease. Immunoglobulin class G levels formed after vaccination may be affected by many factors and may decrease over time. OBJECTIVE pandemic world study investigated METHODS 2021 twice CoronaVacSinovac CoronaVac Sinovac Co Ltd Beijing China. China . China) 2 RESULTS 12 12325 1232 5 1232. min (min 10 max 7151 AUmL AU mL 4035 403 403. 4963 results 9 71% 71 (71% age gender food CONCLUSION time 202 123 715 40 496 7 (71 20 4 49 (7 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to present the mid-term results of patients who had undergone a carotid-subclavian bypass surgery after a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) stent-graft implantation with proximal landing at zone 2 of the aorta. Methods: A total of 66 patients had undergone TEVAR and carotid-subclavian bypass between January 2015 and May 2020 at our clinic. Five of these patients were lost to follow-up, so 61 patients were included in this retrospective study. At follow-up visits, patency of the carotid-subclavian bypass grafts was evaluated with physical examination and radiological imaging. Results: The mean follow-up time was 15.11±12.29 months (ranging from 1 to 56 months). There were 3 (4.91%) in-hospital deaths of patients admitted with bilateral lower limb and visceral malperfusion. There were also 2 (3.27%) deaths unrelated to the procedure. Carotid-subclavian graft occlusion occurred in 3 (4.91%) patients. The occlusion was detected with radiological imaging within a period of 12 to 24 months. The graft patency rate was 100% in the first 12 months. The mean graft patency time (survival) was 52.56±2.10 months. Conclusion: Periprocedural carotid-subclavian bypass surgery with synthetic grafts is a recommended procedure with high patency and acceptably low mortality and morbidity rates in TEVAR.

Resumo Introdução Os aminoglicosídeos são amplamente conhecidos por seus efeitos colaterais ototóxicos. No entanto, eles são antibióticos potentes usados no tratamento de doenças potencialmente fatais devido à atual preocupação com a resistência aos antimicrobianos. Nossa hipótese é que os suplementos de creatina, aos quais atribui-se um efeito benéfico sobre o sistema de defesa antioxidante mitocondrial e manutenção da homeostase energética ideal, possam melhorar os efeitos colaterais ototóxicos. Objetivo Investigar os efeitos protetores da creatina mono-hidratada contra a ototoxicidade induzida pela amicacina em ratos em um modelo experimental animal com o uso das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção e o potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico. Método Vinte ratos saudáveis foram divididos em quatro grupos (5 ratos em cada): o grupo controle, o grupo creatina mono-hidratada, o grupo amicacina e o grupo amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada. O grupo creatina mono-hidratada recebeu creatina na dose de 2 g / kg uma vez ao dia por gavagem gástrica por 21 dias. O grupo amicacina recebeu amicacina na dose de 600 mg/kg por injeção intramuscular uma vez ao dia por 21 dias. O grupo amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada recebeu injeções intramusculares de amicacina (600 mg/kg) uma vez ao dia por 21 dias e creatina mono-hidratada (2 g/kg) uma vez ao dia por gavagem gástrica por 21 dias. O grupo controle nada recebeu. As medidas de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico foram feitas em todos os ratos nos dias 0, 7, e 21. Resultados Em relação aos valores do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, foi observado aumento significante dos limiares auditivos no grupo amicacina no 21° dia (p < 0,001). O grupo amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada apresentou níveis significantemente mais baixos de limiares auditivos de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico no dia 21 em comparação com o grupo amicacina (p < 0,001). Além disso, o grupo controle e o grupo amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada não diferiram significantemente em relação aos limiares de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico no 21° dia de tratamento (p > 0,05). Quando comparamos os valores de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos amicacina e amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada no 7° dia (p > 0,05). No entanto, valores significantemente mais altos de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foram observados no grupo amicacina + creatina mono-hidratada no 21° dia em comparação com o grupo amicacina p < 0,001). Conclusão O tratamento com creatina mono-hidratada protege contra a ototoxicidade da amicacina quando administrado em dose suficiente e por um período de tempo adequado.

Abstract Introduction Aminoglycosides are widely known for their ototoxic side effects. Nevertheless, they are potent antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening conditions because of the current concern for antibiotic resistance. We hypothesized that creatine supplements which are believed to improve mitochondrial antioxidant defense system and maintain optimal energy homeostasis may improve the ototoxic side effects. Objective This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of creatine monohydrate against ototoxicity induced by amikacin in rats in an experimental animal model, using distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response. Methods Twenty healthy rats were assigned to four groups (5 rats in each): the control group, the creatine monohydrate group, the amikacin group and the amikacin + creatine monohydrate group. The creatine monohydrate group received creatine at a dose of 2 g/kg once daily via gastric gavage for 21 days. The amikacin group received amikacin at a dose of 600 mg/kg by intramuscular injections once daily for 21 days. The amikacin + creatine monohydrate group received intramuscular injections of amikacin (600 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days and creatine monohydrate (2 g/kg) once daily via gastric gavage for 21 days. The control group received nothing. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response measurements were performed on all rats on days 0, 7, 21. Results Regarding auditory brainstem response values, a significant increase in the auditory threshold was observed in the amikacin group on day 21 (p < 0.001). The amikacin+creatine monohydrate group showed significantly lower levels of auditory brainstem response auditory thresholds on day 21 in comparison to the amikacin group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the control group and the amikacin+creatine monohydrate group did not differ significantly with respect to auditory brainstem response thresholds on treatment day 21 (p > 0.05). When we compare distortion product otoacoustic emissions values, there was no significant difference between the amikacin and amikacin+creatine monohydrate groups on day 7 (p > 0.05), However significantly greater distortion product otoacoustic emissions values were observed in the amikacin+creatine monohydrate group on day 21 compared to the amikacin group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that creatine treatment protects against amikacin ototoxicity when given at a sufficient dose and for an adequate time period.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The vast majority of patients who hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 are given empirical antibiotic therapy. However, information on the frequency, microorganism species, and resistance rates of secondary bacterial infections in coronavirus disease 2019 patients are insufficient. We aimed to show the frequency of secondary infections and resistance conditions in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized in the intensive care unit. METHODS: The results of tracheal aspirate culture, blood culture, and urine culture obtained from coronavirus disease 2019 patients – at least 2 days after their admission to the intensive care unit – were examined microbiologically. RESULTS: A total of 514 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit were included in our study. Tracheal aspirate, blood, or urine cultures were collected from 369 patients (71.8%). Bacterial reproduction was detected in at least one sample in 171 (33.3%) of all patients. The rate of respiratory tract infection and/or bloodstream infection was found to be 21%. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tracheal aspirate culture; Coagulase-negative staphylococci, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii in blood culture; and Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis in urine culture were the most common microorganisms. A. baumannii was resistant to most antibiotics except colistin and P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to most antibiotics except amikacin, colistin, cefepime, and imipenem. In K. pneumoniae, the highest meropenem sensitivity (73%) was observed; there was a strong resistance to most of the remaining antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We think that our study can be useful in choosing empirical antibiotic therapy in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and reducing the mortality that may occur with secondary infection. OBJECTIVE 201 However species insufficient METHODS microbiologically RESULTS 51 36 71.8%. 718 71.8% . 71 8 (71.8%) 17 33.3% 333 33 3 (33.3% andor 21 21% pneumoniae Coagulasenegative Coagulase negative staphylococci K coli microorganisms P amikacin cefepime imipenem 73% 73 (73% observed CONCLUSIONS 20 5 71.8 7 (71.8% 1 33.3 (33.3 (73 71. (71.8 33. (33. (7 (71. (33 ( (71 (3

Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the angiogenesis-enhancing potential of a tricalcium silicate-based mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA), Biodentine, and a novel bioceramic root canal sealer (Well-Root ST) in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs), and human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs). Methodology: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium was conditioned for 24 h by exposure to ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, or Well-Root ST specimens (prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions). The cells were cultured in these conditioned media and their viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H tetrazolium (MTS) on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Angiogenic growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were assayed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 7, and 14. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration assays were used to evaluate the vascular effects of the tested materials at 6–8 h. Statistical analyses included Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results: None of tricalcium silicate-based materials were cytotoxic and all induced a similar release of angiogenic growth factors (PDGF, FGF-2, and VEGF) (p>0.05). The best cell viability was observed for hDPSCs (p<0.05) with all tricalcium silicate-based materials at day 14. Tube formation by HUVECs showed a significant increase with all tested materials (p<0.05). Conclusion: The tricalcium silicate-based materials showed potential for angiogenic stimulation of all stem cell types and significantly enhanced tube formation by HUVECs.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of different levels (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%) of yeast culture supplementation on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, egg quality traits, egg yolk fatty acid composition, and microbiological flora in feces. A total of 240 laying hens at 18-19 weeks of age were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 16% crude protein for 16 weeks. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% commercial yeast culture product obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The different levels of yeast culture supplementation to the diets did not statistically affect body weight change among the treatments. However, feed intake was lowest in the group fed 0.2% of yeast culture. The highest egg weights were obtained from the groups fed 0.1 and 0.2% yeast culture, when compared with control group. Regarding fatty acid composition, linolenic acid (C18:2 n6) was lowest in the group fed 0.2% yeast culture. However, yeast culture supplementation to the diet did not alter the microbial flora. Yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) supplementation to the diet of laying hens is beneficial for increasing feed intake and egg weight of laying hens without affecting the microbial flora in their digestive system.