The seed oil of Annona salzmannii A. DC. was analyzed by GC-MS and 1H qNMR, revealing a mixture of unsaturated (80.5%) and saturated (18.7%) fatty acids. Linoleic (45.3%) and oleic (33.5%) acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids identified, while palmitic acid (14.3%) was the major saturated fatty acid. The larvicidal effects of A. salzmannii seed oil were evaluated against third-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn.). The oil exhibited moderate larvicidal activity, with a LC50 of 569.77 ppm (95% CI = 408.11 to 825.88 ppm). However, when the cytotoxic effects of the oil were evaluated, no expressive antiproliferative effects were observed in tumor cell lines B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human chronic myelocytic leukemia), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), and non-tumor cell line PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), with IC50 values > 50 μg·mL-1. This is the first study to evaluate the chemical composition, larvicidal and cytotoxic activity of A. salzmannii seed oil.

Resumo O corante Preto Reativo 5 (RB5 - reactive black 5) é um dos corantes reativos sintéticos mais utilizados na indústria têxtil, devido à sua solubilidade em água e a grupos reativos que formam ligações covalentes com a fibra. No processo de tingimento de tecidos, no entanto, estima-se que 12-14% dos corantes sejam liberados para o efluente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biodegradação do corante RB5, adsorvido em espuma de poliuretano, por basidiomicetos (Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725, Pleurotus ostreatus e Pleurotus florida). Os resultados foram avaliados considerando a descoloração parcial ou total do meio, a capacidade de adsorção do corante na espuma de poliuretano e a medida respirométrica. Os resultados mostraram que Phanerochaete chrysosporium foi o mais eficicente, sendo capaz de degradar parcialmente RB5 na concentração de 50 mg L-1 em pH 6.0, quando cultivado em pacas de Petri. Quando este microrganismo foi cultivado em cubos de espuma de poliuretano saturada com solução de RB5 (50 mg L-1, pH 6.0) a produção de CO2 atingiu o valor acumulado de 2.16 mg no décimo quinto dia, revelando o crescimento microbiano e a degradação do contaminante, que foi utilizado como fonte de nutrientes.

Abstract Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is one of the synthetic reactive dyes most used in the textile industry, due to its solubility in water and reactive groups which form covalent bonds within the fiber. In the process of dyeing fabrics, however, it is estimated that 12-14% of dyes are released into the effluent. This work evaluated the biodegradation of RB5 dye, adsorbed in polyurethane foam, by basidiomycetes (Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus floridae). Results were evaluated considering the partial- or total medium discoloration, the adsorption capacity of the dye in the polyurethane foam (PUF) and the respirometric measurements. The results showed that Phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to partially degrade 50 mg L-1 of RB5 in pH 6.0, when cultivated in Petri dishes. When this microorganism was cultivated in PUF cubes saturated with RB5 solution (50 mg L-1, pH 6.0), CO2 production reached an accumulated value of 2.16 mg on the fifteenth day, revealing the growth of the microorganism and consequently the contaminant degradation, which was used as the source of nutrients.