SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Intragastric balloon placement is an effective method for weight reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combining liraglutide with intragastric balloon. METHODS: Initially, demographic data of patients such as age, gender, comorbid diseases, adverse events, initial weight, height, body mass index, percent body fat, and waist-hip ratio were collected. Weight, body mass index, percent body fat, and waist-hip ratio were measured in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth months. Then, intragastric balloon was removed and liraglutide was stopped. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included in the study, of whom 28 (56%) were in Group A (intragastric balloon) and 22 (44%) were in Group B (plus liraglutide). Weight change at the time of balloon removal was higher in Group B [median weight change 13.8 (7.8 min to 16.8 max) versus 7.9 (4.8 min to 11.8 max); p<0.01]. When the weight, percent body fat, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio changes were compared according to gender, no significant difference was observed in the groups. Comorbid diseases were hypertension in 7 patients (4 in Group A and 3 in Group B) and diabetes in 9 patients (5 in Group A and 4 in Group B). No statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION: Liraglutide has benefits in terms of weight, percent body fat, and body mass index reduction when administered with intragastric balloon.

Resumo Introdução: A migrânea é causada por alterações nas vias metabólicas do sistema trigeminovascular. Crises de migrânea estão associadas à inflamação neurovascular, mas seus mecanismos patofisiológicos ainda não são totalmente explicados. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) e a frequência de crises de migrânea. Métodos: Três grupos foram formados: migrânea com aura (n = 50), migrânea sem aura (n = 50) e grupo controle (n = 50). A migrânea foi diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias (ICHD-III). As análises dos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 foram realizadas utilizando-se o método imunoenzimático (ELISA). Resultados: Os níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) foram significativamente mais elevados em pacientes com migrânea do que no grupo controle (p < 0.01). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada nos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) entre os pacientes com migrânea durante crises ou no período interictal (p>0,05). Os níveis séricos de visfatina e quemerina em pacientes com migrânea se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de IL-18 (p < 0,01), ao passo que os níveis séricos de quemerina e visfatina se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de vaspina (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que estes biomarcadores podem estar relacionados à patogênese da migrânea. Contudo, acreditamos que estudos mais abrangentes são necessários a fim de melhor compreendermos o papel dos níveis de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 na fisiopatologia da migrânea.

Abstract Background: Migraines are headaches caused by changes in the trigeminovascular metabolic pathway. Migraine headache attacks are associated with neurovascular inflammation, but their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully explained. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the frequency of attacks in migraine headache. Methods: Three groups were established: migraine with aura (n = 50), migraine without aura (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The migraine diagnosis was made in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta diagnostic criteria. The analyses on serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the migraine patients than in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences in serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found among the migraine patients during attacks or in the interictal period (p>0.05). The serum visfatin and chemerin levels of the migraine patients were positively correlated with their serum IL-18 levels (p < 0.01), while their serum chemerin and visfatin levels were positively correlated with their serum vaspin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that these biomarkers may be related to migraine pathogenesis. Nonetheless, we believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in order to further understand the role of vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.

Fundamento: Pazopanibe (PZP) pode induzir prolongamento da repolarização cardíaca e efeitos pró-arrítmicos, à semelhança de outros inibidores da tirosina quinase. Objetivos: Demonstrar prolongamento da repolarização cardíaca e efeitos eletrofisiológicos pró-arrítmicos induzidos pelo PZP, assim como investigar possíveis efeitos de metoprolol e diltiazem na prevenção de alterações no ECG (prolongamento do intervalo QT) em um modelo experimental em ratos. Métodos: Ratos Sprague-Dawley adultos machos (24) foram designados de modo aleatório para quatro grupos (n = 6). O primeiro grupo (normal) recebeu 4 ml de água da torneira, enquanto os demais receberam 100 mg/kg de PZP (comprimido de Votrient®) através de sonda orogástrica. Após 3 horas, os animais receberam por via intraperitoneal: solução salina, para o grupo normal e para o segundo grupo (controle-PZP+SP); 1 mg/kg de metoprolol (Beloc, Ampola, AstraZeneca), para o terceiro grupo (PZP+metoprolol); e 1mg/kg de diltiazem (Diltiazem, Mustafa Nevzat), para o quarto grupo (PZP+diltiazem). Uma hora após a administração desses medicamentos, e sob anestesia, calculou-se o intervalo QTc registrando-se o ECG em DI. Resultados: Os valores médios do intervalo QTc foram: grupo normal, 99,93 ± 3,62 ms; grupo controle-PZP+SP, 131,23 ± 12,21 ms; grupo PZP+metoprolol, 89,36 ± 3,61 ms; e grupo PZP+diltiazem, 88,86 ± 4,04 ms. Os grupos PZP+metoprolol e PZP+diltiazem apresentaram intervalos QTc significativamente mais curtos comparados aos do grupo controle-PZP+SP (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Ambos metoprolol e diltiazem evitaram o prolongamento do intervalo QT induzido por PZP. Tais medicamentos podem ser uma promissora estratégia para evitar o prolongamento do intervalo QTc associado ao uso de inibidores da tirosina quinase.

Background: Pazopanib (PZP) may induce prolonged cardiac repolarization and proarrhythmic effects, similarly to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objectives: To demonstrate PZP-induced prolonged cardiac repolarization and proarrhythmic electrophysiological effects and to investigate possible preventive effects of metoprolol and diltiazem on ECG changes (prolonged QT) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6). The first group (normal group) received 4 mL of tap water and the other groups received 100 mg/kg of PZP (Votrient® tablet) perorally, via orogastric tubes. After 3 hours, the following solutions were intraperitoneally administered to the animals: physiological saline solution (SP), to the normal group and to the second group (control-PZP+SP group); 1 mg/kg metoprolol (Beloc, Ampule, AstraZeneca), to the third group (PZP+metoprolol group); and 1mg/kg diltiazem (Diltiazem, Mustafa Nevzat), to the fourth group (PZP+diltiazem group). One hour after, and under anesthesia, QTc was calculated by recording ECG on lead I. Results: The mean QTc interval values were as follows: normal group, 99.93 ± 3.62 ms; control-PZP+SP group, 131.23 ± 12.21 ms; PZP+metoprolol group, 89.36 ± 3.61 ms; and PZP+diltiazem group, 88.86 ± 4.04 ms. Both PZP+metoprolol and PZP+diltiazem groups had significantly shorter QTc intervals compared to the control-PZP+SP group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both metoprolol and diltiazem prevented PZP-induced QT interval prolongation. These drugs may provide a promising prophylactic strategy for the prolonged QTc interval associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor use.

OBJECTIVES: Data on the factors that contribute to the antibody response to hepatitis B virus vaccination in peritoneal dialysis patients are scarce. The current study was conducted on a group of peritoneal dialysis patients to learn how the response to hepatitis B virus vaccination varies according to the patient's clearance of urea normalized to total body water (Kt/V). METHODS: A convenience sample of 33 peritoneal dialysis patients (13 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 49¡12 years) was administered double doses (20 μg IM in each deltoid muscle) of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months. Response to immunization was measured at one to three months after the final dose of vaccine. The subjects were divided into groups according to the level of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), including non-responders ( < 10 IU/L), weak responders (10-100 IU/L), and good responders ( > 100 IU/L). RESULTS: Among non-responders, weak responders, and good responders, significant differences were found in age (54 ± 12 vs. 56 ± 9 vs. 45¡12 years, respectively; p = 0.049) and recombinant human erythropoietin use (20 vs. 29 vs. 76%, respectively; p = 0.016). No significant differences in weekly total Kt/V (p = 0.704), weekly peritoneal Kt/V (p = 0.064) and residual glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.355) were found across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Delivered clearance measured by weekly peritoneal Kt/V and total clearance measured by weekly total Kt/V did not predict the response to hepatitis B virus vaccination in patients on peritoneal dialysis.