ABSTRACT Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem with a huge economic burden worldwide. Ulinastatin (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and organ protection by reducing reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the neuroprotection of UTI in ICH has not been confirmed, and the potential mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of UTI in ICH-induced EBI in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Methods: The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The anti-inflammation effectiveness of UTI in ICH patients also was evaluated. Results: UTI treatment markedly increased the neurological score, alleviate the brain edema, decreased the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, NF‑κB levels, and RIP1/RIP3, which indicated that UTI-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation, and necroptosis alleviated neuronal damage after ICH. UTI also can decrease the inflammatory cytokine of ICH patients. The neuroprotective capacity of UTI is partly dependent on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: UTI improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural neuroinflammation, and necroptosis.

Com base na teoria do envolvimento no lazer, este estudo examina como os impactos negativos dos eventos desportivos influenciam o bem-estar subjetivo do público, o que afeta ainda mais o apoio ao evento. O envolvimento no lazer é ainda utilizado para testar o efeito moderador desse relacionamento. Ao distribuir questionários no local durante os quatro dias do Grande Prémio de Macau de 2018, foram analisados 620 inquéritos válidos. Os resultados sugerem que: (a) o impacto negativo percebido pelas audiências do Grande Prémio de Macau influencia negativamente o seu bem-estar subjetivo; (b) quando o envolvimento no lazer é baixo, a relação negativa entre o impacto negativo do Grande Prémio de Macau e o bem-estar subjetivo das audiências foi aliviado; (c) os efeitos indiretos do impacto negativo percebido pelo público no apoio a eventos desportivos por meio do bem-estar subjetivo foram amortecidos pelo envolvimento no lazer, de modo que os efeitos indiretos foram encontrados apenas em díades com menor envolvimento no lazer, mas não em díades com maior envolvimento no lazer. Também são discutidas contribuições teóricas e implicações práticas para o governo de Macau e para a organização do Grande Prémio de Macau.

Drawing on leisure coping theory, this study examines how negative impacts of sport events influence audiences’ subjective well-being, which further affects the support of the event. Leisure engagement is further employed to test its moderating effect of this relationship. By distributing questionnaires on-site during the on-going four days of the Macau Grand Prix 2018, 620 valid audiences were surveyed. The findings suggest that (a) audiences’ perceived negative impact of the Macau Grand Prix negatively influence their subjective well-being, (b) when the leisure engagement was low, the negative relationship between negative impact of the Macau Grand Prix and audiences’ subjective well-being was alleviated, and (c) the indirect effects of audiences’ perceived negative impact on support for sport events via subjective well-being was buffered by leisure engagement, such that the indirect effects were only found in dyads with lower leisure engagement, but not in dyads with higher leisure engagement. Theoretical contribution and practical implications for Macau government and organization of the Macau Grand Prix were also discussed.