Resumen Las verrugas plantares son una patología común en la población. Estas lesiones son a menudo dolorosas y recidivantes. Entre los tratamientos más utilizados están las terapias tópicas destructivas y menos frecuentemente el tratamiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo, con frecuencia recurren, por lo que representan un desafío para el dermatólogo. Presentamos 3 casos de pacientes varones adultos con verrugas plantares recalcitrantes que fueron tratadas exitosamente con una sola sesión de láser PDL, sin recidiva luego de 8 a 12 meses de seguimiento.

Abstract Plantar warts are a common pathology in the population. These lesions are often painful and recurring. Among the most used treatments are topical destructive therapies, and less frequently, surgical treatment. However, they frequently recur, so they represent a challenge for the dermatologist. We present 3 adult males with a recalcitrant plantar wart that were successfully treated with a single PDL laser session, without relapse after 8-12 months of follow-up.

Abstract: The main objective of the present study was to develop a data mining model to identify employability patterns of graduates. The model aims to improve job placement rate related to vocational training. This study is in response to concerns about employability of professionals. The KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) methodology was used with defined and simplified stages, algorithms, decision tree techniques, neural networks, and regressions to determine the interaction of graduates in the work environment. The neural network algorithm was adjusted for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, execution time, performance, and data and results interpretation for the generated model. In conclusion, the significant predictor variables were: 1) use of knowledge and skills in the current job, 2) the graduation year and if graduates searched for jobs after graduation, and 3) currently employed (dependent variable).

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un modelo de minería de datos para identificar patrones de empleabilidad de egresados, que contribuya a mejorar la tasa de inserción laboral afín a la formación profesional. Este estudio responde a la preocupación por la empleabilidad de profesionales. Se utilizó la metodología KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) por etapas definidas y simplificadas, algoritmos y técnicas de árboles de decisión, redes neuronales y regresión para determinar la interacción de los egresados en un entorno laboral. Se identificó el algoritmo red neuronal que se ajustaba para resolver la problemática por exactitud, precisión, sensibilidad, tiempo de ejecución, rendimiento y facilidad para interpretación de datos y resultados del modelo generado. Se concluye que las variables predictoras significantes son: 1) uso de conocimientos y habilidades en su trabajo actual, 2) el año de graduación y si buscó trabajo al término de su carrera, y 3) labora actualmente (variable dependiente).

Resumen Introducción. En 1997, en el departamento de Tarija, Bolivia, situado en la frontera con Argentina, se notificó por primera vez la presencia de pacientes con úlceras en las partes descubiertas de la piel, cuyas características clínicas y epidemiológicas correspondían a leishmaniasis. Objetivo. Describir y comprobar la presencia de leishmaniasis en Tarija, sexto departamento endémico en Bolivia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio del brote (noviembre de 1998 a diciembre de 2002) y un estudio longitudinal (1997 a 2018) en humanos; además, se capturaron Phlebotominae y potenciales reservorios. Resultados. Se registraron 1.250 pacientes de leishmaniasis; 190 y 249 casos, en los brotes de 1998 y 2002, respectivamente, con periodos interepidémicos de 37 casos como promedio anual. El 68 % de los enfermos eran pobladores migrantes del altiplano asentados en viviendas precarias cercanas al bosque residual; el sexo predominante fue el masculino (2/1). El grupo etario económicamente activo (15 a 49 años) fue el más afectado (363/584, 62 %). Hubo 124/584 (21 %) menores de 15 años, 33/584 de menos de cuatro años. En 51/584 (8,7 %) pacientes se presentaron lesiones mucosas. Se aisló y caracterizó Leishmania (V.) braziliensis de úlceras mucosas de perros enfermos y se capturó abundantemente la especie antropofílica Nyssomyia neivai, incriminada como probable vector. Conclusiones. En 1997 se comprobó por primera vez la presencia de leishmaniasis tegumentaria en el municipio de Bermejo y, en el 2018, ya se había extendido a cuatro municipios: Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos y Yacuiba, en dirección noreste del departamento de Tarija.

Abstract Introduction: In the department of Tarija in the Bolivian-Argentine border, human cases with ulcers on uncovered parts of the skin plus clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to leishmaniasis were reported for the first time in 1997. Objective: To describe and to verify the presence of leishmaniasis in Tarija, sixth endemic department in Bolivia. Materials and methods: We conducted both an outbreak study (November, 1998, to December, 2002) and a longitudinal study (1997 to 2018) in humans, as well as captures of Phlebotominae and potential reservoirs. Results: A total of 1,250 patients were registered; in the outbreaks, 190 (1998) to 249 cases (2002) were reported and inter-epidemic periods with 37 cases as an annual average; 68% of the patients were highland migrants who inhabited precarious housing near residual forests. The predominant sex was male (ratio 2:1); the most affected group (363/584 cases, 62%) was the economically active (15 to 49 years old); 124/584 cases (21%) were children under 15 years old, 33/584 of them were under 4 years old; 51 patients/584 (8.7%) had mucosal lesions. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was isolated and characterized from mucous ulcers of sick dogs. Nyssomyia neivai, an abundant anthropophilic species incriminated as a probable vector, was captured. Conclusions: The initial 1997 leishmaniosis presence in the municipality of Bermejo had spread out over four municipalities in 2018 (Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos, and Yacuiba), northeast of the department of Tarija.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una comparación de tres modelos computaciones (reconocimiento de patrones, modelos ocultos de Markov y bolsas de características), para el reconocimiento de gestos por medio del procesamiento de señales biométricas, para un usuario con movilidad reducida. La evaluación involucra ocho gestos diseñados de forma participativa con un usuario con problemas de movilidad y se desarrolló mediante un esquema de validación cruzada, en el que se calcularon métricas de sensibilidad y precisión, para un conjunto de datos formado por diez repeticiones de cada gesto. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que las bolsas de características son el modelo con mejor desempeño para las dos métricas evaluadas. El modelo de tradicional de reconocimiento de patrones al usar máquinas de soporte vectorial mostró los resultados más estables y los modelos ocultos de Markov presentaron el desempeño más bajo.

Abstract This paper compares the results of three computational models (pattern recognition, hidden Markov models, and bag of features) for recognizing the hand gestures of a user with reduced mobility using biometric signal processing. The evaluation of the models included eight gestures co-designed with a person with reduced mobility. The models were evaluated using a cross-validation scheme, calculating sensitivity and precision metrics, and a data set of ten repetitions of each gesture. It can be concluded that the bag-of-features model achieved the best performance considering the two metrics under evaluation; the traditional pattern recognition model, using vector support machines, produced the most stable results; and the hidden Markov models had the lowest performance.

Abstract: This article presents the results obtained through a methodological strategy that involves the notion of population growth, restricted growth and recursive equations, in the development of a differential calculus course for the training of forestry engineers. An action-research approach is implemented, which allows to compare results between two groups; experimental and control, with which the proposal is validated. This way of working the notions in the groups allowed to identify flaws in the different types of representation used in some mathematical objects such as function, succession and limit. Likewise, the final contrast shows that the use of engineering contexts strengthens the learning of differential calculus.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos mediante una estrategia metodológica que involucra la noción de crecimiento poblacional, crecimiento restringido y ecuaciones recursivas, en el desarrollo de un curso de cálculo diferencial para la formación de ingenieros forestales. Se implementa un enfoque de investigación-acción, que permite contrastar resultados entre dos grupos; experimental y control, con los cuales se valida la propuesta. Esta forma de trabajar las nociones en los grupos permitió identificar falencias en los diferentes tipos de representación usados en algunos objetos matemáticos como lo son función, sucesión y limite. Igualmente, el contraste final evidencia que el uso de contextos propios de la ingeniería fortalece el aprendizaje del cálculo diferencial.

Abstract: Cispatá Bay is located at the south-western side of the Gulf of Morrosquillo, in the department of Córdoba, covering one of mangrove forests of better development for the Caribbean region of Colombia. Composition and spatial distribution of the sponges attached to the submerged roots of Rhizophora mangle was studied. In total, 14 demosponge species were encountered along belt transects (10 m2) on 12 stations at Cispatá Bay. Amphimedon viridis was the species that presented the larger spatial distribution in the study area while species such as Mycale microsigmatosa, Cinachyrella apion, Scopalina ruetzleri, Iotrochota birotulata and Placospongia intermedia were only recorded in one sampling station. The absence of many species of sponges in the swamps of Navío and Ostional may be due to great fluctuations in surface salinity due to discharges of the Sinú River and other local tributaries as Sicará and Salado Streams.

Resumen: La bahía de Cispatá se encuentra localizada al costado suroccidental del golfo de Morrosquillo, en el departamento de Córdoba, y comprende uno de los bosques de manglar de mejor desarrollo para la región Caribe de Colombia. Allí se estudió la composición y la distribución espacial de las esponjas asociadas a las raíces sumergidas de Rhizophora mangle. En total, 14 especies de la clase Demospongiae fueron registradas dentro de transectos de banda (10 m2) dispuestos en 12 estaciones en la bahía de Cispatá. Amphimedon viridis fue la especie que presentó el patrón de distribución espacial más amplio en el área de estudio, mientras que especies como Mycale microsigmatosa, Cinachyrella apion, Scopalina ruetzleri, Iotrochota birotulata y Placospongia intermedia solamente se registraron en una estación de muestreo. La ausencia de muchas especies de esponjas en las ciénagas de Navío y Ostional se puede deber a las grandes fluctuaciones de la salinidad en la superficie por descargas del río Sinú y otros tributarios locales como los caños Sicará y Salado.

This study determines the use of concept maps as technical analysis textbooks of differential calculus, akin to identify some epistemological obstacles on the derivative notion. The research focuses on the principles of conceptual map of Novak and Cañas (2008) and the holistic meaning of the derivative. The methodology is descriptive, designed as a conceptual map for the derivative concept and it is compared with the elements that are addressed to teaching the concept in a textbook of differential calculus. The results show representations and concepts associated with the derivative that the author of the textbook does not address, highlighting the lack of structure to enhance learning of the notion of derivative.

Este estudio determina la utilización de mapas conceptuales como técnica de análisis de libros de texto de cálculo diferencial, con el objeto de identificar los obstáculos epistemológicos sobre la noción derivada. La investigación se centra en los postulados de mapa conceptual de Novak y Cañas y el significado holístico de la derivada. La metodología es descriptiva, pues se diseña un mapa conceptual para la noción derivada y se contrasta con los elementos que se abordan para la enseñanza de la noción en un libro de texto de cálculo diferencial. Los resultados obtenidos muestran representaciones y conceptos asociados a la derivada que el autor del texto no aborda, evidenciando la falta de estructura para potenciar el aprendizaje de la noción de derivada.

ABSTRACTMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are important pests of the grapevine Vitis spp. and are responsible for direct and indirect damage to production. The main mealybug species present in wine grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Southern Brazil were identified and their incidence evaluated. Bunch-samples (n = 50) from 131 vineyards located in the Serra Gaúcha Region (RS) of Brazil were analyzed at harvest, and the occurrence of mealybugs in the roots was evaluated at the time of eradication of plants for replanting. Mealybugs were reared in laboratory until adulthood for species determination. The species Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1983), Dysmicoccus sp., Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Pl. minor(Maskell, 1897), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875) and Pseudococcus sp. were identified in bunches. Dysmicoccus sp., D. umbambae Granara de Willink, 2009, Pl. citri and Pseudococcus sp. were found in the roots. Pl. citri (31.4%) and Dysmicoccus sp. (22.7%) were the most common species found in wine grape bunches in the Serra Gaúcha Region.

Introducción. La tolerabilidad a la analgesia epidural puede comprometerse por efectos adversos derivados del opioide usado. Este estudio compara la tolerabilidad y eficacia de hidromorfona o morfina en combinación con bupivacaína, en analgesia epidural postoperatoria. Métodos. Ensayo prospectivo, aleatorizado y doble ciego en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul; 147 pacientes fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos: 73 pacientes del grupo MB recibieron 30 mcg/ml de morfina más bupivacaína 0,1 %, y 74 pacientes del grupo HB recibieron hidromorfona 10 mcg/ml más bupivacaína 0,1 %. Resultados. El desenlace principal fue tolerabilidad, deinida por la frecuencia de náusea, vómito, sedación, retención urinaria y prurito entre los grupos a las 24 horas. Se analizaron 142 pacientes: 71 en el grupo MB y 71 en el grupo HB.La frecuencia de náusea fue de 36,6 % y 31 %, (p = 0,54); vómito, 19,7 % y 25,4 % (p = 0,42); sedación 15,5 % y 14,1 % (p = 0,81); retención urinaria 11,3 % y 7 % (p = 0,38); y prurito 43,7 % y 31 % (p = 0,11) para los grupos MB y HB, respectivamente. Cinco pacientes fueron retirados del estudio debido a migración o desconexión del catéter. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. La escala verbal numérica (EVN) de dolor dinámico a las 24 horas fue de 3,42 (+/- 2,8) y 2,82 (+/- 2,5) para los grupos MB y HB, respectivamente (p = 0,16). Conclusión. La escogencia entre morfina 30 mcg/ml o hidromorfona 10 mcg/ml no influye en la tolerabilidad o eficacia de esta técnica.

Introduction. The acceptance (tolerability) of epidural analgesia can be compromised by the side effects of opioids. This study compares the side effects and efficacy of hydromorphone or morphine combined with bupivacaine in postoperative epidural analgesia. Methods. Double-blind prospective randomized controlled trial at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul; 147 patients were randomized in two groups: 73 patients of the MB Group received 30 jug per ml of morphine with bupivacaine 0.1 % and 74 patients of the HB group received 10 ug per ml of hydromorphone with bupivacaine 0.1 %. Results. The main outcome was the tolerability defined by the frequency of nausea and vomiting sedation urinary retention and pruritus bettween the groups at 24 hours. 142 patients were analyzed: 71 in group MB and 71 in group HB. The incidence of nausea was 36.6 % and 31 % (p = 0.54); vomiting 19.7 % and 25.4 % (p = 0.42); sedation 15.5 % and 14.1 % (p = 0.81); urinary retention 11.3 % and 7 % (p = 0.38); and pruritus 43.7 % and 31 % (p = 0.11) for groups MB and HB respectively. Five patients were excluded either because of catheter migration or disconnection. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. The verbal numerical scale (VNS) of dynamic pain at 24 hours was 3.42 (+/- 2.8) y 2.82 (+/- 2.5) for groups MB and HB respectively (p = 0.16) Conclusions. The choice between 30 ¡ug per ml of morphine or 10 mcg per ml of hydromorphone does not influence the incidence of side effects or the efficacy of this technique.

Cynolebias parnaibensis, da drenagem do rio Canindé, bacia do rio Parnaíba, nordeste do Brasil, é descrita. Ela é considerada um membro de um clado endêmico da Caatinga. O clado é diagnosticado, e. g., por uma série de modificações estruturais do aparato mandibular faringiano, que está relacionado à produção de som exibida por machos durante o comportamento de corte. O som de corte de C. parnaibensis consiste de um único pulso denominado como thump (duração 0,031-0,133s; intervalos entre thumps 0,020-8,319s; frequência dominante 70,3-93,8 Hz). A nova espécie se distingue de todos os outros congêneres por uma combinação de 27-31 neuromastos em torno do olho, 29-33 neuromastos supraorbitais, 16-18 raios na nadadeira dorsal e 19 raios na nadadeira anal em machos, 28-31 raios na nadadeira caudal, 33-36 escamas na série longitudinal, 3+10 rastros branquiais no primeiro arco branquial, ausência de dentes no segundo faringobranquial, ausência de órgãos de contato nas escamas do flanco, 34-35 vértebras, ausência de dentes no vomer e presença de séries transversais de escamas na base da nadadeira anal.

Cynolebias parnaibensis from the Canindé River drainage, Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil, is described. It is considered to be a member of a clade endemic to the Caatinga. The clade is diagnosed, e. g., by a series of structural modifications of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, which is related to the sound production exhibited by males during courtship behavior. The courtship sound of C. parnaibensis consists of a single pulse named as thump (duration 0.031-0.133s; interthump intervals 0.020-8.319s; dominant frequency 70.3-93.8 Hz). The new species is distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of 27-31 neuromasts around eye, 29-33 supraorbital neuromasts, 16-18 dorsal-fin rays and 19 anal-fin rays in males, 28-31 caudal-fin rays, 33-36 scales in the longitudinal series, 3+10 gill-rakers in the first branchial arch, absence of second pharyngobranchial teeth, absence of contact organs on the flank scales, 34-35 vertebrae, absence of teeth on vomer, and presence of transverse series of scales on the anal-fin base.

Austrolebias paucisquama, uma nova espécie de peixe anual é descrita da bacia do rio Vacacaí, tributário do rio Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A nova espécie pertence ao grupo Austrolebias alexandri, que apresenta duas apomorfias, pontos azuis claros e nadadeiras peitorais cinza escuro nos machos. Distingue-se das outras espécies do grupo pelo reduzido número de escamas ao redor do pedúnculo caudal (12) e pelo menor número de raios na nadadeira dorsal dos machos (17-21). A ausência de órgãos de contato na superfície interior das nadadeiras peitorais nos machos e o padrão de colorido das fêmeas - flancos marrom claro com variável número de pontos pretos relativamente alongados distribuídos principalmente na porção posterior - distinguem A. paucisquama das outras espécies do gênero.

Austrolebias paucisquama is described from the rio Vacacaí drainage, a tributary to the rio Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species belongs to the Austrolebias alexandri species-group, by sharing the apomorphic bright blue iridescence and dark gray pectoral fins in males. It is distinguished from other species of this group by having fewer scales around caudal peduncle (12) and fewer dorsal-fin rays in males (17-21). The lack of contact organs on the inner surface of the pectoral fin in males and the color pattern of females - ground color light brownish, sides of body with a variable number of relatively large dark black spots distributed mostly on posterior portion of body - distinguish A. paucisquama from all other species of the genus.

Trichomycterus caipora, espécie nova, é descrita para a bacia do rio Macabu, drenagem da lagoa Feia, serra de Macaé, sudeste do Brasil. A nova espécie distingue-se dos demais Trichomycterus do sul e sudeste do Brasil pela combinação: da presença de nove raios na nadadeira peitoral, nadadeira caudal emarginada e elevado número de odontódeos operculares e interoperculares. Dados ecológicos são apresentados e as supostas relações filogenéticas e caracteres compartilhados com espécies do gênero são discutidos.

Trichomycterus caipora, new species, is described from rio Macabu basin, lagoa Feia drainage, serra de Macaé, southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners from southern and southeastern Brazil by the combination of: the presence of nine pectoral-fin rays, caudal fin emarginated and high number of opercular and interorpecular odontodes. Ecological notes are presented and putative phylogenetic relationships and characters shared with congeners are discussed.

Cuando los científicos profesionales colaboran con las escuelas, todos se benefician. Este artículo familiariza a la comunidad científica con la literatura asociada a la didáctica de las ciencias, en particular aquella que resume las razones por las que la comunidad científica debe ayudar a los maestros y estudiantes de escuela. Además, se presentan sugerencias concretas para fomentar la colaboración científico-maestro y científico-estudiante. El artículo también discute sugerencias para aumentar la calidad de las charlas que los científicos suelen ofrecer a los estudiantes de escuela.

Scientists’ involvement in school science benefits science teachers, students, and the scientists themselves. This article familiarizes scientists with science education literature through research that supports their importance in school science and suggests specific ways scientists can help science teachers. Also, the benefits of scientists’ involvement for science students are discussed. Helpful hints to improve oral scientific talks are presented.

O envolvimento de cientistas com institutos de ciências beneficia aos professores, alunos de ciências e aos próprios cientistas. Este artigo familiariza aos cientistas com as publicações de educação científica através de pesquisas que apóiam sua importância em institutos de educação científica e sugere vias específicas para que os cientistas possam ajudar aos professores de ciências. Também são discutidos os benefícios, do envolvimento de cientistas, para os estudantes de ciências. São apresentadas sugestões úteis para melhorar as palestras científicas.

A origem dos diamantes da Serra do Espinhaço na região de Diamantina, Minas Gerais e na Chapada Diamantina, na região de Lençóis, Bahia, permanece incerta apesar das inúmeras pesquisas desenvolvidas, ao longo das últimas décadas. A ausência de minerais satélites típicos em ambos os distritos, torna incerta a possibilidade de fonte kimberlítica para os diamantes. Na região de Diamantina registra-se, desde meados do século XVIII, a ocorrência de uma rocha metamórfica, composta por martita, sericita e turmalina, denominada filito hematítico e considerada por alguns pesquisadores como uma provável fonte dos diamantes. Rochas similares foram encontradas na região de Lençóis e submetidas a estudos petrográficos tendo a concentração de minerais pesados sido investigada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As análises petrográficas permitiram determinar uma origem ígnea para as rochas e as análises de MEV mostraram a ocorrência de microdiamantes. Estudos geocronológicos com a técnica Ar/Ar em muscovitas revelaram idades de 1515 ±3 m.a. que são correlacionáveis às idades de 1710 ±12 m.a., obtidas pelo método U-Pb, em zircões dos filitos hematíticos. Ambos litotipos apresentam composições química e mineralógica idênticas o que permite concluir que os filitos hematíticos tiveram como protólito as rochas intrusivas. Essa descoberta inédita de microdiamantes nas rochas intrusivas descortina a possibilidade de adoção de novos modelos prospectivos para mineralizações de diamantes em terrenos do Proterozóico brasileiro.

The origin of diamonds from Serra do Espinhaço in Diamantina region (State of Minas Gerais) and in Chapada Diamantina, Lençóis region (State of Bahia) remains uncertain, even taking into account the ample research carried out during the last decades. The lack of typical satellite minerals in both districts makes a kimberlitic source for these diamonds uncertain. In mid 18th century the occurrence of a metamorphosed igneous rock composed of martite, sericite and tourmaline was described in Diamantina region and named hematitic phyllite, considered by some researchers as a possible diamond source. Similar rocks were found in Lençóis and examined petrographically and their heavy mineral concentration was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Petrographic analyses indicated an igneous origin for these rocks and SEM analyses showed the discovery of microdiamonds. Geochronological studies using the Ar/Ar technique in muscovites yielded minimum ages of 1515 ± 3 Ma, which may correlate with 1710 ± 12 Ma from U-Pb method in igneous zircons from the hematitic phyllites. Both rock types also have the same mineral and chemical composition which leads to the conclusion that the intrusive rocks were protolith of the hematitic phyllites. This first discovery of microdiamonds in intrusive rocks opens the possibility of new investigation models for diamond mineralization in Brazilian Proterozoic terrains.