Abstract Objectives Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, in which Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (HVSMCs) are involved. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells remain unclear. Methods Circ-ABCA1 expression was measured in the models of AS. Then, in the vitro model, oligonucleotide transfection was performed, followed by an analysis of VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammation, and phenotypic switch. Also, in the in vivo model, mice were injected with shRNA lentivirus, followed by histological examination of aortic tissues. Finally, the interaction of circ-ABCA1, miR-885–5p, and ROCK2 was identified. Results Circ-ABCA1, was confirmed to be overexpressed in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs and mouse models of AS. Functionally, silencing circ-ABCA1 via oligonucleotide transfection suppressed VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammation, and phenotypic switch in vitro and prevented AS development in mice in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-ABCA1 absorbed miR-885–5p, which targeted ROCK2. Conclusion Taken together, the data from this study suggest that circ-ABCA1 mediates cellular inflammation and phenotype switching through the miR-885–5p/ROCK2 axis in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs, and the circ-ABCA1/miR-885–5p/ROCK2 axis is a new potential biomarker for the treatment of AS. (AS wall HVSMCs (HVSMCs involved Nevertheless LowDensity Low Density oxLDLinduced ox LDL induced unclear CircABCA1 CircABCA Circ ABCA1 ABCA Circ-ABCA Then model performed proliferation migration Also lentivirus tissues Finally circABCA1, circABCA1 circABCA circ ABCA1, miR885–5p, miR8855p miRp miR 885–5p, 885 5p p miR-885–5p ROCK identified CircABCA1, Functionally circ-ABCA Mechanistically together miR885–5p/ROCK2 miR8855pROCK2 miRpROCK 885–5p/ROCK2 miR-885–5p/ROCK circABCA1/miR885–5p/ROCK2 circABCA1miR8855pROCK2 circABCAmiRpROCK ABCA1/miR circ-ABCA1/miR-885–5p/ROCK miR885 miR885–5p 8855p 885–5p 88 miR885–5p/ROCK pROCK miR8855pROCK 8855pROCK2 885–5p/ROCK circABCA1/miR885–5p/ROCK circABCA1miR8855pROCK ABCA1miR ABCAmiR miR88 8 8855pROCK miR8

Abstract Experimental models that consider host-pathogen interactions are relevant for improving knowledge about oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to assess the epithelial immune responses, Candida penetration of cell monolayers, and virulence during mixed species culture infections. Single species cultures of Candida albicans and mixed cultures (C. albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis) were used to infect monolayers of HaCaT and FaDu ATCC HTB-43 cells for 12 h. After infection, IL-18 and IL-34 gene expression was measured to assess epithelial cell immune responses, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured as an indicator of cell damage. Microscopy determined C. albicans morphology and penetration of fungal cells through the keratinocyte monolayer. Monolayers devoid of infection served as controls. Data were analyzed by an ANOVA one-way test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The results found that IL-18 and IL-34 gene expression and LDH activity were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated for both cell lines exposed to mixed species cultures compared with C. albicans alone. Candida albicans yeast and hyphae were evident in C. albicans only infections. In contrast, monolayers infected by C. albicans, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis exhibited higher microbial invasion with several hyphal aggregates detected. The presence of streptococci in C. albicans infection enhances the virulence and pathogenicity of the fungus with associated increased immune responses and tissue damage. Extrapolation of these findings to oral infection would indicate the added potential benefit of managing bacterial components of biofilms during treatment. hostpathogen host pathogen candidiasis infections C (C mutans HTB43 HTB 43 HTB-4 1 h IL18 IL 18 IL-1 IL34 34 IL-3 (LDH damage monolayer controls oneway one way Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc α 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 p alone contrast S detected treatment HTB4 4 HTB- IL1 IL- IL3 3 00 0.0 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta epithelial imune, a colonização da Candida albicans em monocamadas celulares e sua virulência em resposta a infecções de culturas de biofilme multiespécie. Culturas de biofilme monoespécie de C. albicans e culturas mistas (C. albicans, Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sanguinis) foram utilizadas para infectar monocamadas de células HaCaT e FaDu por 12 h. Após a infecção, a expressão dos genes IL-18 e IL-34 foi medida para avaliar as respostas imunes das células epiteliais. A atividade da lactato desidrogenase (LDH) foi medida como um indicador de dano celular. A microscopia determinou a morfologia de C. albicans e a penetração das células fúngicas através da monocamada de queratinócitos. Monocamadas em que não houve infecção serviram como controles. Os dados foram analisados por um teste ANOVA one-way seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que a expressão gênica de IL-18 e IL-34 e a atividade de LDH foram (p < 0,05) reguladas positivamente para ambas as linhagens de células expostas a culturas de espécies mistas em comparação com C. albicans isoladamente. Leveduras de C.albicans e hifas foram evidentes em infecções apenas por C. albicans. Entretanto, monocamadas infectadas por C. albicans, S. mutans e S. sanguinis exibiram maior invasão microbiana com vários agregados de hifas detectados. Dessa maneira, a presença de estreptococos na infecção por C. albicans aumentou a virulência e a patogenicidade do fungo com respostas imunes aumentadas associadas a danos nos tecidos. A extrapolação desses achados para a infecção oral indicaria o potencial benéfico do controle dos componentes bacterianos em biofilmes durante a terapia da candidíase imune multiespécie C (C 1 h IL18 IL 18 IL-1 IL34 34 IL-3 epiteliais (LDH celular queratinócitos controles oneway one way posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 p isoladamente Calbicans Entretanto S detectados maneira tecidos IL1 IL- IL3 3 00 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT Sarcopenia, a concept reflecting the loss of skeletal muscle mass, was reported to be associated with the prognosis of several tumors. However, the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with renal cancer remains unclear. We carried out this metaanalysis and systematic review to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with renal cell carcinomas. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled together. A total of 5 studies consisting of 771 patients were enrolled in this quantitative analysis, 347 (45.0%) of which had sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had a worse OS compared with those without sarcopenia (HR=1.76; 95%CI, 1.35-2.31; P <0.001). In the subgroup of patients with localized and advanced/metastatic diseases, sarcopenia was also associated with poor OS (HR=1.48, P=0.039; HR=2.14, P <0.001; respectively). With a limited sample size, we did not observe difference of PFS between two groups (HR=1.56, 95% CI, 0.69-3.50, P=0.282). In the present meta-analysis, we observed that patients with sarcopenia had a worse OS compared with those without sarcopenia in RCC. Larger, preferably prospective studies, are needed to confirm and update our findings.

Abstract Aroma composition is critical to the quality of distilled spirits while the alcohol concentration could have a great effect on the variety and content of aromatic substances. In order to clarify the effect of alcohol concentration on the formation of the aroma composition, volatile compounds in Crystal distilled grape spirits with different alcohol concentrations were analyzed using the Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique combined with GC-MS. Characteristic aromas, principal components and odor profiles were also explored. Eighty-six compounds were identified in Crystal distilled grape spirits and 19 compounds were the same for the 4 samples with different alcohol concentrations. The species and contents of esters increased significantly along with the alcohol concentration increasing, while the acid content decreased. No significant change in the volatile alcohol and carbonyl contents was observed, and no terpene was detected in the spirits of 80%vol alcohol content. Fruity was the strongest aroma in the 6 aromatic series of odor, followed by floral and fatty. The 77%vol alcohol distilled grape spirits showed the most fragrant and balanced aroma.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) oil supplementation on the growth performance and lipid metabolism in geese and the fatty acid concentrations in their liver and muscle tissues. One hundred and ninety two one-day old geese were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The diet in Group A, the control, contained 2.5% soyabean oil, that in Group B 2.0% soyabean oil and 0.5% CLA, that in Group C 1.0% soybean oil and 1.5% CLA and that in Group D 2.5% CLA. The birds were fed for 56 days. No significant effects were observed in body weight and body weight gain between Groups B, C and the control, but these parameters were significantly lower in Group D compared to the control. The feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) were significantly lower in the groups receiving CLA in their diets compared with the control. Dietary CLA altered serum lipid concentrations by decreasing total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, the atherogenic index and activity of lipoprotein lipase, and increased serum concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The fatty acid composition of the liver and muscle tissues showed significant increases in the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers in the geese fed increasing levels of CLA. The supplementation of CLA to the geese led to significant increases in saturated fatty acid concentrations and significant reductions in the monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in liver and muscle tissues. The results clearly demonstrated that geese can successfully incorporate CLA in their liver and muscle tissues, thus producing a healthy food for humans.