Abstract The conjunctiva plays an essential role in eye health and immunity and acts as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. Conjunctival infections are common in dogs and result from both the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the uncontrolled growth of the existing microbiota. Most of the existing data come from studies based on traditional culture methods. These reports indicate the predominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus spp. In the present study, we analyzed the microbiota present on the conjunctival surface from a heterogeneous dog population without ophthalmological disorders using DNA sequencing. After a thorough ophthalmological examination, conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 30 dogs. After processing and nucleic acid extraction, the sample pool was subjected to shotgun DNA sequencing through the Illumina platform and analyzed via the Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (MGRAST) server. A predominance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Ralstonia and Burkholderia were identified along with a minority of fungi, whereas viruses were not found. Microbial DNA sequencing has provided new data on this subject, revealing the presence of noncultivable organisms that were previously unknown as part of the ocular microbiome. methods grampositive gram positive bacteria spp study examination 3 extraction MGRAST (MGRAST server fungi found subject microbiome

Resumo A conjuntiva desempenha papel fundamental na saúde e imunidade ocular e atua como uma barreira à entrada de microrganismos. As infecções conjuntivais são comuns em cães e resultam tanto da invasão de microrganismos patogênicos quanto do crescimento descontrolado da microbiota existente. A maior parte dos dados existentes provém de estudos baseados em métodos de cultura tradicionais. Esses relatos apontam para o predomínio de bactérias gram-positivas, principalmente Staphylococcus spp. O presente estudo analisou a comunidade microbiana presente na conjuntiva ocular de uma população heterogênea de cães sem distúrbios oftalmológicos por sequenciamento de DNA. Após exame oftálmico minucioso, foram coletados suabe conjuntivais de ambos os olhos de 30 cães. Após processamento e extração de ácidos nucleicos, o pool de amostras foi submetido ao sequenciamento shotgun de DNA por meio da plataforma Illumina e analisado no servidor Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (MG-RAST). Foi identificada uma predominância do filo Proteobacteria e dos gêneros Ralstonia e Burkholderia juntamente com uma minoria de fungos, enquanto vírus não foram encontrados. O sequenciamento do DNA microbiano trouxe novos dados sobre o assunto, revelando a presença de organismos não cultiváveis até então desconhecidos como parte do microbioma ocular. existente tradicionais grampositivas, grampositivas gram positivas, positivas gram-positivas spp minucioso 3 nucleicos MGRAST. MGRAST MG RAST . (MG-RAST) fungos encontrados assunto (MG-RAST

Abstract December 2019 marked the beginning of the current Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of a viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The alarming spread levels and clinical severity elevated the status of COVID-19 to the global pandemic by the World Health Organization. In 6 months, more than 25 million cases of infected people and more than 890,000 deaths by COVID-19 had been reported worldwide. The main goal of this review is to shed light upon the current COVID-19 epidemic situation in Brazil with a health approach highlighting some unique environmental, animal and epidemiological aspects.

ABSTRACT Multiple variants of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) have been constantly reported across the world. The B.1.1.28 lineage has been evolving in Brazil since February 2020 and originated the P.1 variant of concern (VOC), recently named as the Gamma variant by the newly WHO nomenclature proposal, and P.2 as a variant of interest (VOI). Here we describe an early case of P.1 primary infection in Southern Brazil in late November 2020, soon after the emergence of the variant in Manaus, Northern Brazil. The same male patient was reinfected by another B.1.1.28 variant, namely P.2, in March, 2021. The genomic analysis confirmed genetically significant differences between the two viruses recovered in both infections, the P.1 lineage in the first episode and P.2 in the reinfection. Due the very early detection of P.1, we have also investigated the circulation of P.1 in the same region by differential RT-qPCR, showing that this was an isolated case of P.1 at the time of detection, and this variant has disseminated and became prominent from late January to the end of March, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 recent reports of reinfection have raised critical questions on whether and how well a first infection protects against reinfection.