RESUMO Introdução: Muitos fatores restringem o desenvolvimento da tecnologia do futebol. Sendo a constituição corporal, a qualidade e a função física de um atleta suas garantias essenciais para a realização do desenvolvimento técnico. Objetivo: Analisar as relações dos parâmetros bioquímicos na resistência esportiva e na aptidão física dos jogadores de futebol. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de jogadores voluntários 20 dias antes do jogo, durante o período de ajuste durante o jogo, e na manhã do período de jogo intensivo. Foi utilizado o método de coloração enzimática e imunofluorescência para detecção de hemoglobina. Resultados: Os jogadores masculinos de futebol apresentaram uma média de Hb de 15,18 g/dl nos preparativos pré-jogo e caíram para 13,97 g/dl em jogos de alto nível. Esses dados foram estatisticamente significativos (P<0,01). Conclusão: O cortisol em jogadores de futebol de alto nível produz rapidamente diversas substâncias estressantes sob o organismo. O teor de açúcar no sangue dos participantes de times de futebol juvenil de elite da China está dentro da faixa de normalidade. As conclusões da pesquisa deste trabalho podem fornecer uma base teórica para a formulação de estratégias de treinamento de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many factors restrict the development of soccer technology. An athlete’s body constitution, quality, and physical function are essential for achieving technical development. Objective: Analyze the relationship between biochemical parameters on sports endurance and the physical fitness of soccer players. Methods: Samples were collected from volunteer players 20 days before the game, during the adjustment period, and on the morning of the intensive game. Enzyme staining and immunofluorescence method were used for hemoglobin detection. Results: Male soccer players had an average Hb of 15.18 g/dl in pregame preparations and dropped to 13.97 g/dl in high-level games. These data were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Cortisol in high-level soccer players rapidly produces several stressful substances in the body. The blood sugar content of participants from elite youth soccer teams in China is within the normal range. The research findings of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of soccer training strategies. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Son muchos los factores que limitan el desarrollo de la tecnología del fútbol. Siendo la constitución corporal, la calidad y la función física de un atleta sus garantías esenciales para la realización del desarrollo técnico. Objetivo: Analizar la relación de los parámetros bioquímicos en la resistencia deportiva y la aptitud física de los futbolistas. Métodos: Se recogieron muestras de jugadores voluntarios 20 días antes del partido, durante el periodo de adaptación durante el partido y en la mañana del periodo de juego intensivo. Se utilizó el método de tinción enzimática e inmunofluorescencia para la detección de la hemoglobina. Resultados: Los jugadores de fútbol masculino mostraron una media de Hb de 15,18 g/dl en la preparación previa al partido y descendió a 13,97 g/dl en los partidos de alto nivel. Estos datos fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,01). Conclusión: El cortisol en los jugadores de fútbol de alto nivel produce rápidamente varias sustancias estresantes en el organismo. El contenido de azúcar en sangre de los participantes de los equipos de fútbol juvenil de élite en China está dentro de los límites normales. Los resultados de la investigación de este trabajo pueden proporcionar una base teórica para la formulación de estrategias de entrenamiento de fútbol. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Objective Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by articular cartilage degradation. The increased expression of β1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (β1,4-GalT-I) in the articular cartilage of osteoarthritis patients was related to an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of β1,4-GalT-I in osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the function of 1,4-GalT-I in osteoarthritis. Methods The osteoarthritis mouse model with the destabilization of the medial meniscus was established by microsurgical technique. Pathological changes in articular cartilage were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and safranin O-fast green staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to observe mRNA and protein expression, respectively. RNA interactions were verified by a luciferase reporter assay. SA-β-Gal staining was used to assess chondrocyte senescence. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to observe the localization of Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Results β1,4-GalT-I and microRNA-15a (miR-15a) show high and low expression in the articular cartilage of osteoarthritis, respectively. MiR-15a inhibits the mRNA translation of β1,4-GalT-I. β1,4-GalT-I promotes extracellular matrix degradation, senescence, and NF-κB activation in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, which can be reversed by overexpression of miR-15a. Intra-articular injection of microRNA-15a ameliorates cartilage degeneration by inhibiting β1,4-GalT-I and phosphorylation of NF-κB in vivo. Conclusion The authors clarified that the miR-15a/β1,4-GalT-I axis inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB thereby inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation and senescence in chondrocytes to alleviate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. MiR-15a and β1,4-GalT-I may serve as potentially effective targets for the future treatment of osteoarthritis.

RESUMO Introdução O diabetes é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia. É uma síndrome metabólica em que os níveis de açúcar no sangue aumentam devido a defeitos na secreção de insulina ou função prejudicada, ou mesmo ambos os defeitos. Objetivo Para compreender os pacientes diabéticos no controle da glicemia por meio do exercício físico, o artigo analisa a correlação entre o estado de exercício e os indicadores fisiológicos de pacientes diabéticos em nosso hospital. Métodos Selecionamos aleatoriamente 41 pacientes diabéticos e monitoramos seus exercícios. Ao mesmo tempo, verificamos os indicadores fisiológicos dos pacientes após a realização do exercício e analisamos o controle da glicemia pelo esporte. Resultados Após exercícios físicos saudáveis, o nível de açúcar no sangue de pacientes diabéticos tendeu a se estabilizar e o nível de hemoglobina glicosilada diminuiu. Os níveis de açúcar no sangue dos pacientes que não praticavam exercícios físicos saudáveis não foram estáveis e os níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada não melhoraram. Conclusão O esporte saudável é uma terapia adjuvante simples, fácil, segura e eficaz para a prevenção e tratamento do diabetes e merece divulgação clínica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It is a metabolic syndrome in which blood sugar levels increase due to defects in insulin secretion or impaired function, or even both defects. Object To understand the effect of diabetic patients in controlling blood sugar through physical exercise, the paper analyzes the correlation between the exercise status and physiological indicators of diabetic patients in our hospital. Methods We randomly selected 41 diabetic patients and monitored their exercise. At the same time, we check the physiological indicators of the patients after the exercise is completed and analyze the control of blood sugar by sports. Results After healthy physical exercise, the blood sugar level of diabetic patients tended to stabilize, and the glycosylated hemoglobin level decreased. The blood sugar levels of patients who did not participate in healthy physical exercises were not stable, and their glycosylated hemoglobin levels did not improve. Conclusion Healthy sports is a simple, easy, safe and effective adjuvant therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, and it is worthy of clinical promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción la diabetes es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia. Es un síndrome metabólico en el que los niveles de azúcar en sangre aumentan debido a defectos en la secreción de insulina o función alterada, o incluso a ambos defectos. Objeto Para comprender a los pacientes diabéticos en el control de la glucemia a través del ejercicio físico, el trabajo analiza la correlación entre el estado de ejercicio y los indicadores fisiológicos de los pacientes diabéticos en nuestro hospital. Métodos Seleccionamos aleatoriamente a 41 pacientes diabéticos y monitoreamos su ejercicio. Al mismo tiempo, verificamos los indicadores fisiológicos de los pacientes una vez finalizado el ejercicio y analizamos el control del azúcar en sangre mediante los deportes. Resultados Después de un ejercicio físico saludable, el nivel de azúcar en sangre de los pacientes diabéticos tendió a estabilizarse y el nivel de hemoglobina glicosilada disminuyó. Los niveles de azúcar en sangre de los pacientes que no participaron en ejercicios físicos saludables no fueron estables y sus niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada no mejoraron. Conclusión El deporte saludable es una terapia adyuvante simple, fácil, segura y eficaz para la prevención y el tratamiento de la diabetes y es digno de promoción clínica. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Background: To assess the expression of T-box transcription factor 4 (TBX4) during the anorectal development in normal and ethylenethiourea (ETU)-induced anorectal malformations (ARM) rat embryos. Methods: Anorectal malformations was induced by ETU on the 10th gestational day (E10) in rat embryos. Spatiotemporal expression of TBX4 was evaluated in normal (n = 490) and ETU-induced ARM rat embryos (n = 455) from E13 to E16 by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. Results: In the normal embryos, immunohistochemical staining revealed that TBX4 expression was detected in the epithelium of hindgut and urorectal septum (URS) on E13. TBX4-immunopositive cells were increased significantly in the epithelium of hindgut and URS, the future anal orifice part of cloacal membrane on E14. On E15, abundant stained cells were observed in the rectum, URS and dorsal cloacal membrane and the expression of positive cells reached its peak. On E16, only sporadic positive cells were distributed in the epithelium of the distal rectum. In the ARM embryos, the hindgut/rectum, URS and dorsal cloacal membrane were faint for TBX4 immunohistochemical staining. In the normal group, TBX4 protein and mRNA expression showed time-dependent changes in the hindgut/rectum from E13 to E16 on Western blot and real-time RT-PCR. On E13 and E15, the expression level of TBX4 mRNA in the ARM group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). On E15, the expression level of TBX4 protein in the ARM group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The expression of TBX4 was downregulated in ETU-induced ARM embryos, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of anorectal development.