Abstract This study evaluated the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, technological quality, sensory profile and microbiological characteristics of rolls with inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% meal prepared with tilapia carcasses. Moisture and carbohydrate content were linearly reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing inclusion of tilapia meal, but a linear increase (P < 0.0001) was observed in protein (9.91 to 14.30%) and ash (1.74 to 4.65%) content. Lipids and calorific value of the rolls were not affected (P > 0.05) by inclusion levels, but 15% tilapia meal resulted in greater amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.63%) in relation to 0% inclusion (4.46%). There was a linear increase (P < 0.0001) in the firmness of the breads (3.65 to 13.17N) and a linear decrease (P < 0.001) in volume and specific volume. Sensory attributes showed a negative linear effect (P < 0.01), with acceptance rates ranging from 85.24% (0% inclusion) to 70.57% (15% inclusion). It can be concluded that the inclusion of 5 to 15% tilapia meal in roll is effective to increase the protein, mineral matter, polyunsaturated fatty acids and the firmness of the roll, in addition to reducing carbohydrates and volume. Considering the reduction in sensory acceptance, it is recommended to use up to 10% tilapia meal in rolls.

RESUMO A soja resistente ao glifosato (Roundup Ready(r), RR) representa a principal cultura geneticamente modificada (GM) cultivada no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em um experimento de campo de longa duração, a composição química dos grãos das cultivares de soja parental convencional (BRS 133) e sua respectiva transgênica quase isogênica (BRS 245RR). Os experimentos foram realizados em duas condições edafoclimáticas distintas e tiveram início em 2003/2004 e as amostras foram coletadas na safra 2011/2012. Foram quantificados os teores de isoflavonas (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência), ácidos graxos (cromatografia em fase gasosa), lipídeos e proteínas (espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo na NIR - refletância de infravermelho próximo) e minerais (espectrofotometria de absorção atômica de chama). Todas as amostras foram analisadas em triplicata. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os locais de cultivo. Em Ponta Grossa, que possui temperaturas menores e maior precipitação durante o enchimento de grãos, o conteúdo de lipídeos e isoflavonas foram maiores. Em Londrina, com solo de maior fertilidade, o conteúdo de minerais, proteínas e carboidratos foram maiores. Diferenças significativas foram associadas ao transgene RR. A cultivar BRS 133 apresentou maiores teores de proteínas e a BRS 245 RR maiores teores de lipídeos e isoflavonas.

ABSTRACT Glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready(r), RR) soybean is the most widely cultivated genetically modified crop in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a long-term field experiment, the chemical composition of grains in a pair of cultivars composed of the conventional parent (BRS 133) and the nearly isogenic transgenic (BRS 245RR) soybean. Plants were cropped under two different edaphoclimatic conditions in Brazil. The experiments began during the 2003/2004 growing season; samples were collected during the 2011/2012 harvest. Were quantified the contents of isoflavones (high performance liquid chromatography), fatty acids (gas chromatography), lipid and proteins (near infrared spectroscopy in the NIR - Near Infrared Reflectance) and minerals (atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry). All samples were analyzed in three replications. Major differences were observed between the two cultivation locations. In Ponta Grossa, which has lower temperatures and higher rainfall during the grain filling period, the contents of lipids and isoflavones were higher. In Londrina, which hassoil with higher fertility, the contents of minerals, proteins and carbohydrates in soybean grains were higher. Significant differences were observed between the cultivars. The conventional parent had higher protein contents and lower lipid contents. The transgenic soybean line had higher isoflavone contents.

The natural additive products (propolis or essential oils), in replacing antibiotics, could be used as an alternative for feed strategies to improve animal production. This work was performed to evaluate the effect of natural additives as propolis or essential oils on meat quality of crossbred (Aberdeen Angus vs. Nellore) bulls. Thirty bulls were kept in feedlot (individual pen) for 55 d and randomly assigned to one of three diets (n = 10): control (CON), propolis (PRO), or essential oils (OIL). CON diet consists of corn silage (45% DM) and concentrate (cracked corn, soybean meal, glycerin, limestone, and mineral salt, 55% DM). The PRO group received same CON diet plus 3 g animal-1 d-1 of propolis premix added to the concentrate. The OIL group received same CON diet and 3 g animal-1 d-1 of a premix (cashew Anacardium occidentale L. and castor Ricinus communis L. oils) added to the concentrate. Fat thickness (5.0 mm), pH (5.9), Longissimus muscle area 58.0 cm², marbling, texture, color (L* = 36.6, a* = 17.3, and b* = 5.9), lipid oxidation (0.08 malonaldehyde kg-1 meat), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (3.3 kg) were unaffected by the diet. PRO and OIL diets had no effect neither on moisture (73.7%), ashes (1.1%), protein (23.8%), and lipids (1.7%), fatty acid composition or polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/ SFA, 0.13), and n-6/n-3 ratio (6.9) on Longissimus muscle. Addition of natural additives as propolis extract or cashew and castor oils in the diet of bulls when they are finished in a feedlot did not change meat qualities.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a composição centesimal e quantificar os ácidos graxos com ênfase em ácidos graxos trans em chocolates normal e dietéticos de cinco grandes marcas. As amostras foram adquiridas em diferentes supermercados na região de Maringá. As marcas foram nomeadas por letras, sendo que para cada marca, foram analisados cinco lotes, com três unidades de chocolate por lote e as análises foram realizadas em triplicatas. Observou-se que os chocolates diets apresentaram maiores teores de lipídios que os chocolates normais das mesmas marcas. Os principais ácidos graxos observados foram os ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), ácido mirístico (14:0), ácido palmítico (16:0) e ácido esteárico (18:0). Entre os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI), ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) e ácidos graxos trans, o ácido oleico (18:1 n-9), ácido linoleico (18:2 n-6), ácido e elaídico (18:1-9t) predominaram. O conteúdo de ácidos graxos trans encontrado nas amostras analisadas foram inferiores e/ou iguais aos limites estabelecidos pela regulamentação brasileira.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the centesimal composition and quantify fatty acids in regular and diet chocolate brands with emphasis on trans fatty acids. Regular and diet dark chocolate samples from the major brands analyzed were purchased from different local supermarkets in the city of Maringá. The brands were labeled with letters and five lots of each brand with three chocolate units per lot were analyzed in triplicate. We observed that the diet chocolates from the same brands presented larger lipid contents. The main fatty acids observed were saturated fatty acids (SFA), myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and estearic acid (18:0). Among the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and trans fatty acids, oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and elaidic acid (18:1-9t) predominated. The trans fatty acid contents found in the analyzed samples were lower than and/or in accordance with the limits proposed by the Brazilian regulation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição em ácidos graxos e o potencial em nutrientes em cabeças de tilápias in natura processadas na forma de farinha. As cabeças de tilápia normalmente são resíduos não aproveitados e descartados na operação de filetagem pelas indústrias e pesqueiros. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas na composição centesimal (umidade, cinza, proteína e lipídios totais) entre as cabeças de tilápia in natura e a farinha, provavelmente devido ao processo de secagem. Os ácidos graxos predominantes nas cabeças (in natura e na farinha) foram os ácidos: palmítico (1.999 mg.100 g-1 e 7.699 mg.100 g-1, respectivamente), oléico (3.128 mg.100 g-1 e 11.447 mg.100 g-1, respectivamente) e linoléico (1.018 mg.100 g-1 e 3.784 mg.100 g-1, respectivamente). Os resultados da farinha da cabeça apresentaram elevados teores de proteína (38,41%), de lipídios totais (35,46%) e de cinza (19,38%). A concentração de ácidos ômega-3 (731mg.100 g-1) indica que a farinha é uma boa fonte destes ácidos e as razões n-6/n-3 de 6,15 e AGPI/AGS de 0,47 estão de acordo com os níveis recomendados para uma alimentação saudável. Desta forma, as cabeças de tilápia podem ser utilizadas como um alimento nutritivo e de baixo custo para o consumo humano.

The objective of this work was to analyze the fatty acid composition and nutrient potential of flour made from tilapia heads, which are normally discarded during the filleting operation. Significant differences were found between the proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein and total lipids) of the in natura tilapia and the flour, due to the drying process. The predominant fatty acids in the heads (in natura and in the flour) were palmitic acid (1,999 mg.100 g-1 and 7,699 mg.100 g-1, respectively), oleic acid (3,128 mg.100 g-1 and 11,447 mg.100g-1, respectively), and linoleic acid (1,018 mg.100 g-1 and 3,784 mg.100 g-1, respectively). The results lead us to conclude that tilapia head flour offers high levels of protein (38.41%), total lipids (35.46%), and ash (minerals) (19.38%). The content of omega-3 (731 mg.100 g-1) were proved to be satisfactory. Also, n-6/n-3 ratio was 6.15 and PUFA/SFA ratio was 0.47, which are in agreement with the recommended levels. Thus, tilapia heads can be used as a low-cost raw material for food fit for human consumption.

Análises experimentais foram realizadas objetivando a composição quantitativa dos ácidos graxos Eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e Docosahexaenóico (DHA), em diferentes partes do corpo de espécies de peixes marinhos da costa brasileira (atum, bonito, olho de boi, cavalinha, sardinha e serra). Os teores de EPA e DHA foram analisados em duas partes distintas: olho (órbita ocular e material gorduroso da cavidade ocular) e filés, sendo significativas as diferenças entre as mesmas. Os teores de DHA para uma determinada espécie foram sempre superiores no olho em relação ao filé, sendo o mesmo observado para o EPA em quatro das espécies (olho de boi, cavalinha, sardinha e serra). Comparando-se a mesma espécie e partes do corpo dos peixes, observou-se que os teores de DHA foram superiores aos teores de EPA, exceto para a sardinha. A somatória dos níveis de EPA e DHA em filés foram maiores para as espécies sardinha e bonito, mostrando serem uma boa fonte alimentar destes ácidos, especialmente a sardinha por ser uma fonte com preço acessível no Brasil.

Quantitative compositions of two unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were examined in fish oil from orbital cavity and fillets of fishes which captured from Brazilian coast. The experimental results demonstrated that quantities of DHA were extremely higher in oil from orbital cavity of Atum and Bonito as compared with fillet oil, whereas orbital cavity oil from Olho de Boi, Cavalinha, Sardinha, and Serra contained slightly higher DHA than fillet oil. On the other hand, fillet oil from Atum and Bonito contained more EPA than oil from orbital cavity, whereas orbital cavity oils from Olho de Boi, Cavalinha, Sardinha and Serra contained higher quantities of EPA than oils from fillets.