ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of colored-shade nets on the physicochemical characteristics of physalis in subtropical area. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with a 4 × 5 factorial, being four species of physalis (Physalis peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four net colors (white, blue, red and black), besides the control under full sun. Titratable acidity (TA), pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), SS/TA relation, total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. It was observed that P. peruviana and P. pubescens have more acid fruits, and P. minima shows vitamin C content higher than the other species. In general, fruits of P. peruviana and P. pubescens have better quality when grown in white, blue or black shade net; fruits of P. minima are physicochemically superior when produced under full sun or under white or blue shade net; finally, fruits of P. ixocarpa have low quality when produced under black net.

Objetivou-se determinar modificações ao meio de cultura Knudson C, acrescendo-o de iodeto de potássio e cloreto de cobalto, para que proporcione maior crescimento em plântulas de Cattleya loddigesii. Plântulas de orquídea, oriundas de sementes germinadas in vitro, com, aproximadamente, 1,0 cm de comprimento, foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo 15 mL de meio de cultura Knudson C modificado, acrescido de iodeto de potássio (0; 0,45; 0,9 e 1,35 mg.L-1) e cloreto de cobalto (0; 0,015; 0,030 e 0,045 mg.L-1), em todas as combinações possíveis. O meio de cultura teve seu pH ajustado para 5,8 ± 0,1 e foi solidificado com 5 g.L-1 de ágar antes da autoclavagem a 121ºC e 1 atm por 20 minutos. Após a inoculação os tratamentos foram mantidos em sala de crescimento com irradiância de 35 µmol.m-2.s-1, temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC e fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Ao final de 120 dias, foram avaliados número de raízes, comprimento médio de raízes e da parte aérea e massa de matéria fresca de plântulas. O cloreto de cobalto, em sua maior concentração (0,045 mg L-1), adicionado ao meio Knudson C modificado, sem a suplementação de iodeto de potássio, proporciona melhores resultados quanto ao crescimento in vitro das plântulas de Cattleya loddigesii.

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the Knudson medium by supplementation with iodide potassium and cobalt chloride to improve the in vitro growth of Cattleya loddigesii Lindl. plantlets. In vitro seedlings of approximately 1 cm in length were inoculated on test tubes containing 15 mL of modified Knudson C medium, supplemented with iodide potassium (0; 0.45; 0.90 and 1.35 mg.L-1) and cobalt chloride (0; 0.015; 0.030 and 0.045 mg.L-1) in all possible combinations. The pH of the culture medium was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.1 and solidified with 5 g.L-1 of agar before sterilization at 121°C and 1 atm per 20 minutes. The cultures were maintained in growth room with irradiance around 35 µmol.m-2.s-1, temperature at 25±1ºC and photoperiod of 16 hours. After 120 days, there were evaluated the number of roots, average length of roots and shoots and fresh weight of seedlings. The cobalt chloride at its highest concentration (0,045 mg L-1) added to the modified Knudson C without supplemental potassium iodide, gave the best results for the in vitro growth of Cattleya loddigesii seedlings.

A micropropagação da amoreira-preta pode gerar plantas livres de vírus e em curto espaço de tempo. Com o objetivo de aprimorar técnicas de micropropagação de amoreira-preta cultivar Brazos (Rubus idaeus L.), segmentos nodais, oriundos de plântulas preestabelecidas in vitro foram excisados e inoculados em meio WPM (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200%), suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1). Após a inoculação, os explantes foram transferidos para sala de crescimento a 27±1ºC, irradiância de 35 mmol m² s¹ e fotoperíodo de 16 horas, onde permaneceram por 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se de quatro repetições com quatro explantes cada. Maior número de brotos foi proporcionado com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP associado a 100% de meio WPM e maior comprimento médio dos brotos após 60 dias foi verificado em 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP associado a 200% de meio WPM. Maior peso de matéria seca da parte aérea foi obtido em meio WPM 200% acrescido de 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP.

With the objective of multiplying blackberry cv. Brazos, nodal segments, coming from in vitro plants previously selected, were excised and inoculated in WPM culture medium (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200%), supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 4,0 mg L-1). After inoculation, the explants were transferred to culture room, at 27±1ºC temperature, 35 mmol m² s¹ ofirradiance and photoperiod of 16 hours, for 60 days. The experimental was a design randomized complete block, with four replications and four explants each. Greater number of sprouts was provided with 1,0 mg L-1 of BAP associated with 100% WPM culture medium and larger sprouts length average after 60 days were verified in 1,0 mg L-1 of BAP associated with 200% WPM culture medium. Higher dry matter weight of the aerial part was obtained in 200% WPM culture medium added with 0,5 mg L-1 of BAP.