Resumo: O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência da temperatura baixa na tenacidade ao impacto de juntas de aço de alta resistência HARDOX 450® soldadas através do processo Metal Core Arc Welding (MCAW). Para tanto foram realizados ensaios de tenacidade ao impacto (ensaio de Charpy com entalhe em V) no metal base de 10 mm (MB), no metal de solda (MS) e na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) nas temperaturas de -100 °C, -80 °C, -60 °C, -20 °C, 0 °C e 25 °C com o objetivo de levantar a curva de transição dúctil-frágil para cada uma dessas regiões. Adicionalmente, foi realizado ensaio de tração e caracterização metalográfica a fim de complementar a avaliação da junta soldada. Os resultados dos ensaios de impacto mostraram maiores valores de tenacidade do metal base em relação às outras duas regiões da junta solda analisada (MS e ZTA). A baixa tenacidade apresentada na ZTA está relacionada à sua microestrutura composta por ferrita de Widmanstätten e grão grosseiro. Contudo, as temperaturas de -100 °C e -80 °C apresentam os valores de energia absorvida nas três regiões bem próximos entre si (de 11 J a 20 J).

Abstract: This work aims to analyze the influence of low temperature on the toughness of a high-strength steel HARDOX 450® joints welded by the Metal Core Arc Welding (MCAW) process. Impact toughness tests (Charpy V-notch test) were performed on the 10 mm base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) at temperatures of -100 °C, -80 °C, -60 °C, -20 °C, 0 °C, and 25 °C to obtain the ductile-brittle transition curve for each of these regions. Additionally, the tensile test and metallographic characterization were performed in order to complement the evaluation of the welded joint. The results of the impact tests showed higher toughness values of the base metal compared to the other two regions of the weld joint analyzed (WM and HAZ). The low toughness present in the HAZ is related to its microstructure composed of Widmanstätten ferrite and coarse grain. However, temperatures of -100 °C and -80 °C show the absorbed energy values in the three regions remarkably close to each other (between 11 J and 20 J).

Abstract Optimization methods for curvilinear reinforcements placement aims to improve mechanical response of structure. Whenever a gradient-based method is used to optimization, it is necessary arbitrate an initial placement for the fibers. This initial guess has influence on the result. This work aims to observe the influence of the initial positioning of straight carbon fiber in epoxy resin plates, which had their compliance minimized by Sequential Linear Programming. The maximum displacement is observed too, even if it is not an objective function. The case studies were carried out on the same structure and the number of fibers and its slope were changed. Variation of the force slope was also evaluated. The results confirmed an influence of the initial slope in results. The addition of a greater number of fibers does not always cause a better performance in the design. To achieve the best results, it is essential that the initial arrangement be configured in such a way as to provide proximity of the ends of the fibers and the forces and supports. It's important to try to place the fibers with axial directions close to the axial direction of the force.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre a Caixa Econômica Particular de Ouro Preto desde sua fundação, em 1838, até sua liquidação, em 1901. Acompanharemos a origem e o desenvolvimento dessa instituição por meio de seus estatutos e da legislação bancária do século XIX. A seguir, tentaremos mostrar, a partir de dados primários, duas de suas características mais marcantes: sua relação com o Estado e a diversificação da aplicação de seus fundos, especialmente entre 1880 e 1892. Consideraremos também a concorrência com a “Caixa Econômica pública”. Finalmente, trataremos a crise bancária da década de 1890 e, de maneira mais específica, o ocaso da Caixa Econômica Particular em 1901.

Abstract This paper presents the results of a research about Caixa Econômica Particular de Ouro Preto since its foundation, in 1838, until its bankruptcy, in 1901. First, we will follow the origins and development of this institution through its statutes and the banking legislation of the nineteenth century. In the following, using primary data, we will try to show two of its most striking features: its relationship with the State and the diversity in the application of its funds, especially between 1880 and 1892. Competition with the “Caixa Econômica pública” will also be considered. Finally, we will deal with the banking crisis of the decade of 1890 and more specifically the decline of Caixa Econômica Particular in 1901.

Abstract BRS 429 is a sweet cassava cultivar with yellow pulp and technological qualities (high root yield, early maturity, and favorable plant architecture) and sensory qualities (short cooking time, little fiber, and soft texture) that make it an excellent option for cultivation in the Distrito Federal, Paraná, and São Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract: The cultivar BRS 420 has superior starch yields in early and late harvest, moderate resistance to the main diseases of the crop, adaptation to mechanized planting and to the no-till system, as well as rapid formation of soil cover (which assists in weed control). It represents an alternative for cassava growers in Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul.

Resumo: A hanseníase, agravo negligenciado no Brasil, tem constituído um problema de saúde pública. Existe uma tensão para que sejam elaboradas propostas de intervenção para prevenção, controle e minimização dos efeitos ocasionados. Os itinerários terapêuticos construídos pelas pessoas que vivenciam esse agravo contribuem para a identificação de boas práticas, bem como dos pontos a serem melhorados e aperfeiçoados. Objetivos: compreender os itinerários terapêuticos da população que vivenciam hanseníase no estado do Piauí, tendo em vista a necessidade de perceber as potencialidades e fragilidades da rede. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento qualitativo norteado pelo paradigma interpretativo. Realizamos entrevistas individuais a partir de roteiro semiestruturado com treze pessoas que vivenciavam hanseníase no estado do Piauí. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí (nº 3.429.590). Resultados: as unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde foram mencionadas como importante referência para o acolhimento dos casos e condução do cuidado em saúde. Contudo, apresentaram fragilidades relacionados ao diagnóstico e preparo dos profissionais diante das condutas apropriadas. Conclusões: importante levar em consideração os destaques mencionados neste estudo, à medida em que se propõe o cuidado à saúde de pessoas que vivenciam a hanseníase. Isso inclui a reflexão sobre a atuação dos equipamentos de saúde, bem como a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços em rede, a definição de sistemas de apoio e logística e a adoção de protocolos e fluxos. Desse modo, é possível verificar a efetividade desses equipamentos de saúde na atenção integral ao paciente e propor intervenções que visem a melhoria desse serviço.

Abstract: Leprosy, neglected disease in Brazil, has been a public health problem. There is a tension for the elaboration of intervention proposals for prevention, control and minimization of the effects caused. The therapeutic itineraries built by the people who experience this condition contribute to the identification of good practices, as well as the points to be improved and perfected. Objetives: to understand the therapeutic itineraries of the population that experiences leprosy in the state of Piauí, in view of the need to understand the potential and weaknesses of the network. Methods: This is a qualitative design study guided by the interpretive paradigm. We conducted individual interviews based on a semi-structured script with thirteen people who were experiencing leprosy in the state of Piauí. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Piauí (number 3,429,590). Results: the Primary Health Care units were mentioned as an important reference for welcoming cases and conducting health care. However, they presented weaknesses related to the diagnosis and preparation of professionals in the face of appropriate conduct. Conclusions: it is important to take into account the highlights mentioned in this study, as it proposes health care for people who experience leprosy. This includes reflection on the performance of health equipment, as well as the organization and functioning of network services, the definition of support and logistics systems and the adoption of protocols and flows. In this way, it is possible to verify the effectiveness of these health equipment in comprehensive patient care and to propose interventions aimed at improving this service.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1989 and 2019. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Further, a literature search for similar studies was performed. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). In patients with OC, the radicular cyst was the most frequent (n = 134 / 36.5%), followed by the dentigerous cyst (n = 101 / 27.5%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (n = 52 / 14.2%). Patients with NOC had a higher frequency of epidermoid cyst (n = 12 / 3.3%), oral lymphoepithelial cyst (n = 7 / 1.9%), and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 4 / 1.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the new bone and connective tissue formation and the biomaterial remaining after maxillary sinus bone augmentation using 5 different bone substitutes. The osteocalcin immunolabeling was performed to demonstrate their calcification and the possibility of receiving dental implants. Methodology 40 patients underwent maxillary sinus bone augmentation and were divided in 5 groups: Group 1 with 8 maxillary sinuses were grafted with autogenous bone graft (AB); Group 2 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with bioactive glass (BG); Group 3 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with bioactive glass added to autogenous bone graft (BG + AB) 1:1; Group 4 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with Bio-Oss (BO) and Group 5 with 8 maxillary sinuses grafted with Bio-Oss added to autogenous bone graft (BO + AB) 1:1. Results In group AB, 37.8% of bone was formed in the pristine bone region, 38.1% in the intermediate and 44.5% in the apical region. In group BG, 43.6% was formed in the pristine bone, 37% in the intermediate and 49.3% in the apical region. In group BG + AB 1:1, 39.0% was formed in the pristine bone region, 34.8% in the intermediate and 36.8% in apical region. In group BO, 33.4% was formed in the pristine bone, 32.5% in the intermediate and 34.3% in the apical region. In group BO + AB 1:1, 32.8% was formed in the pristine bone, 36.1% in intermediate and 27.8% in the apical regions. The immunolabeling for osteocalcin showed an intensive staining for all groups, which could demonstrate the calcification of the bone formed. Conclusion This study showed that the groups evaluated formed a suitable lamellar bone in the maxillary sinus reconstruction after six months of bone healing, thus being indicated to receive dental implants.

RESUMO Os consumidores brasileiros de mandioca de mesa estão se tornando mais exigentes quanto aos aspectos sanitários, organolépticos e nutricionais dos produtos e derivados de mandioca que adquirem. Em resposta, foram desenvolvidas cultivares de mandioca de mesa, mais nutritivas, precoces, produtivas, adaptadas ao plantio mecanizado e com boas qualidades culinárias. Nesse cenário, oportunizou-se a presente pesquisa, cujo objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de quatro novas cultivares de mandioca de mesa em Uberaba na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo experimental das Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba (FAZU) durante duas safras. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, cada parcela composta por quatro linhas com dez plantas. As médias dos caracteres foram agrupadas por meio do teste de Scott & Knott. Os resultados revelaram que as cultivares BRS 399, BRS 397 e IAC 576-70 têm potencial para cultivo na região, uma vez que apresentaram produtividade de raízes superior a 32 t ha-1 e tempo para o cozimento de até 30 minutos. A BRS 399 se destacou pelo desempenho apresentado, com produtividade de raízes de 37 t ha-1 e 48 t ha-1 nas safras 2015/2016 e 2016/2017, respectivamente, com baixos tempos para o cozimento e com produtividades de parte aérea que permitem utilizar a mesma até na alimentação animal.

ABSTRACT Brazilian sweet cassava consumers are becoming more and more demanding in relation to sanitary conditions, organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of this vegetable products and their derivatives. Thus, more nutritious, early, productive, adapted to mechanized planting and good culinary quality sweet cassava cultivars were developed. This study aimed, therefore, to evaluate the performance of four sweet cassava cultivars in Uberaba, in Triângulo Mineiro region. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba (FAZU) during two harvest seasons. We adopted a randomized block design with three replicates, each plot consisting of four lines with ten plants. Trait averages were grouped by the Scott & Knott test. The results showed that cultivars BRS 399, BRS 397 and IAC 576-70 have potential to be grown in the region, since they showed root yield higher than 32 t ha-1 and up to 30-minute cooking time. BRS 399 stood out for its performance, showing root yield of 37 t ha-1 and 48 t ha-1 in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 harvest seasons, respectively, with short-time cooking and presenting shoot productivities which allow its use even as animal feed.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência da poda na produtividade de amido e no valor nutricional da parte aérea de mandioca de clones de mandioca de indústria adaptados ao Cerrado do Brasil Central. Quatro clones elite foram submetidos ou não à poda total da parte aérea aos 12 meses após o plantio, em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos dezoito meses após o plantio, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O clone 330/09 se destacou por apresentar maior produtividade de raízes com e sem poda, e maiores rendimentos de amido, produtividade de massa verde e seca e produtividade de proteína bruta da parte aérea no manejo sem poda. No manejo com poda, se destacaram os clones 117/09 e 359/09, quanto os teores de proteína bruta da parte aérea e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, portanto, esses clones se constituem em opção visando o aproveitamento da parte aérea na alimentação animal. O manejo de poda total aos 12 meses de idade aumentou significativamente os teores de proteína bruta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, melhorando o seu valor nutritivo, entretanto, reduziu o rendimento de amido das raízes e as produtividades de raízes e da parte aérea.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the influence of pruning on the starch yield and nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones adapted to the Cerrado region of Central Brazil. Four elite clones were submitted to either total shoot pruning or no pruning at 12 months after planting, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were evaluated eighteen months after planting. Clone 330/09 presented the highest root yield with and without pruning, and also higher starch yield, green and dry mass yields, and crude protein yield of aerial parts without pruning. In plants that were pruned, clones 117/09 and 359/09 stood out, with higher yields of the crude protein content of the aerial part and a higher in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. These clones are therefore an option when using the aerial parts of cassava in animal feed. Total pruning at 12 months of age significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the aerial parts, improving its nutritional value. Pruning did, however, reduce the starch yield of the roots and the total yields of the roots and aerial parts.

RESUMO Solos de propriedades agrícolas do Distrito Federal sob manejo orgânico normalmente apresentam calagem e fertilizantes em excesso, contendo alto conteúdo de matéria orgânica e elevado pH. Essas condições levam a uma baixa disponibilidade de manganês às culturas. Muitas culturas de mandioca de mesa (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) foram diagnosticadas com deficiência de Mn na região, apresentando baixa produtividade. Para superar essa condição, um experimento foi instalado com os seguintes tratamentos: aplicação de MnSO4 nas linhas de plantio; tratamento das manivas com solução de MnSO4 antes do plantio; aplicação de MnSO4 e enxofre elementar (S0) nas linhas de plantio, para acidificar o solo, aumentando a solubilidade de Mn; e aplicação foliar de uma solução de Mn. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando o Mn foi fornecido via foliar e pela combinação de métodos (tratamento de manivas com Mn, e Mn e S0 aplicados ao solo antes do plantio). Esses tratamentos promoveram uma produção de raízes frescas de 19,5 Mg ha-1, contrastando com o tratamento controle (3,6 Mg ha-1).

ABSTRACT Organic management farms in the Federal District, Brazil, usually present overlimed and overfertilized soils, with high content of organic matter and high pH. These conditions lead to a low availability of manganese to crops. Many sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) crops were diagnosed with Mn deficiency in the region, presenting low yields. In order to overcome such condition, an experiment was established comprising the following treatments: application of MnSO4 banded in rows; treatment of cassava cuttings with a MnSO4 solution before planting; application of MnSO4 and elemental sulfur (S0) banded in the rows, to acidify the soil, increasing the Mn solubility; and leaf spraying of a Mn solution. The best results were revealed when the Mn was applied by foliar spraying and using a combination of methods (treatment of cassava cuttings with Mn, and Mn and S0 applied to the soil before planting). This treatments provided a fresh root yield of 19.5 Mg ha-1, contrasting with the control treatment (3.6 Mg ha-1).

Abstract The cassava cultivars BRS 417, BRS 418 and BRS 419 are the first specifically developed for flour and starch production in the Cerrado biome of Central Brazil. They are promising for higher yields, lower production costs (mechanical planting) and the increase of genetic variability in cassava crops.

RESUMO: Os programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa estão focados no desenvolvimento de variedades biofortificadas que aliem aos caracteres agronômicos a presença de carotenoides nas raízes de reserva. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar características agronômicas e bioquímicas em clones de mandioca de mesa com polpa rosada. Os nove genótipos foram avaliados por duas safras em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Dentre os clones avaliados se destacaram: i) para altura da primeira ramificação (390/08, 345/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); ii) para altura da planta (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) para peso da parte aérea sem a cepa (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) para porcentagem de amido nas raízes (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); v) para produtividade de raízes (IAC 576-70 e 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). Na safra 2011/2012, todos os clones cozinharam em até 30 minutos, indicando que todos apresentam boas qualidades culinárias. Com relação ao teor de carotenoides totais nas raízes, os clones que se destacaram foram 406/08 e 341/08. Todos os clones avaliados apresentaram teores de HCN nas raízes de reserva de mandioca, inferiores a 100 mg kg-1. Os clones 341/08 e 406/08 apresentam potencial agronômico e bioquímico para cultivo direto pelos produtores na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central e/ou para a utilização como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa.

ABSTRACT: Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.

Abstract Two sweet cassava cultivars with pink pulp, BRS 400 and BRS 401, are validated through participatory tests conducted at Distrito Federal, Brazil. Their high root yield stability and their high level of acceptance among producers certainly qualify them as a new crop option for cultivation in the region.

ABSTRACT: Genetic redundancy in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) presents a challenge to efficient management of genetic resources. This study aimed to identify and define the genetic structure of duplicates in cassava germplasm from various Embrapa research units, using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We evaluated 2,371 accessions with 20,712 SNPs. The identification of duplicates was performed based on multilocus genotypes (MLG), adopting a maximum genetic distance threshold of 0.05. The population structure was defined based on discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). A total of 1,757 unique and 614 duplicate accessions were identified. The redundancy of the collections ranged from 17 % (Belém, PA – Brazil) to 39 % (Petrolina, PE – Brazil), with an average of 21 %. This redundancy between different research units is probably due to the historical sharing of accessions, as well as collections carried out in the same region, or even to the intense germplasm exchange between farmers with different genotype names. In terms of genetic structure, the 250 principal components explained 88 % of the genetic variation of the SNP markers and defined the hierarchical structure of the duplicate cassava germplasm in 12 groups. Since heterotic groups have not yet been identified for cassava, crosses between accessions of the 12 DAPC groups may be promising. All MLGs were allocated within the same DAPC group, corroborating duplicate analyses yet still revealing high variability between groups that were quite distinct based on the first two discriminant functions. Our results contribute to optimizing the conservation of genetic resources, together with understanding diversity and its use in crop improvement.