Daily weight gain, hot carcass yield and profile of fatty acids of Longissimus dorsi muscle were determined in 30 Pelibuey-Black Belly x Dorper-Katahdin lambs, with 20 ± 2 kg of liveweight, supplemented with ground pods of Acacia cochliacantha, in irrigated native grasslands. The animals were selected at random and three treatments were designed: 1) grazing and 0 % of supplementation, 2) grazing plus 15 % of supplementation, and 3) grazing plus 30 % of supplementation with Acacia cochliacantha, according to the dry matter requirements. The grasslands were composed by shrubs, grasses and herbaceous plants. Daily weight gain, hot carcass yield, weight of liver, kidneys and heart, perirenal and pericardial fat, and profile of fatty acids were determined. The analysis of variance was applied to the data. There were no significant differences in daily weight gain (68, 59 and 63 g), hot carcass yield (37.08, 37.84 and 39.09 %), weight of viscera and intramuscular fat (1.59, 1.84 and 1.72 %). There was a C18:2-n6/c18:3-n3 (omega 6/omega 3) relation of 3.53, 3.25 and 3.38 in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, for the 0, 15 and 30 % supplementation groups, respectively. The treatment with 30 % of supplementation had the lowest content (P<0.05) of C22:1n-9, regarding the control treatment. It can be concluded that lambs in irrigated native grasslands, with or without supplementation of pods of Acacia cochliacantha, produced acceptable hot carcass yield and daily weight gains, and a close relation of C18:2-n6/c18:3-n3. There was only a decrease of erucic acid (C22:1n-9) in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of the supplemented animals

Se determinó la ganancia diaria de peso, el rendimiento de la canal caliente y el perfil de ácidos grasos del Longissimus dorsi de 30 corderos Pelibuey-Black Belly x Dorper-Katahdin, de 20 ± 2 kg de peso vivo, suplementados con vaina molida de Acacia cochliacantha, en pastoreo de praderas nativas irrigadas. Los animales se seleccionaron completamente al azar y se diseñaron tres tratamientos: 1) pastoreo y 0 % de suplementación; 2) pastoreo más 15 % suplementación; 3) pastoreo más 30 % de suplementación con Acacia cochliacantha, según los requerimientos de materia seca. Las praderas estuvieron compuestas por gramíneas, arbustivas y herbáceas. Se determinó la ganancia diaria de peso, el rendimiento en canal caliente, el peso del hígado, riñones, corazón, grasa pericárdica y perirenal y perfil de ácidos grasos. A los datos se les aplicó análisis de varianza. No hubo diferencias significativas en la ganancia diaria de peso (68, 59 y 63 g), rendimiento en canal caliente (37.08, 37.84 y 39.09 %), peso de las vísceras y grasa intramuscular (1.59, 1.84 y 1.72 %). Hubo relación C18:2-n6/c18:3-n3 (omega 6/omega 3) de 3.53, 3.25 y 3.38 en el músculo Longissimus dorsi, para los grupos con 0, 15 y 30 % de suplementación, respectivamente. El tratamiento con 30 % de suplementación tuvo menor contenido (P < 0.05) de C22:1n-9, con respecto al tratamiento control. Se concluye que los corderos en praderas nativas irrigadas, con suplementación de vaina Acacia cochliacantha o sin ella, produjeron ganancia diaria de peso y rendimientos en canal caliente aceptables y relación estrecha de C18:2-n6/c18:3-n3. Solo hubo disminución del ácido erúcico (C22:1n-9) en el Longissimus dorsi en los animales suplementados

Background: Several reference charts for fetal biometry are published in the literature. The choice may affect directly on diagnosis of IUGR. Most of these charts defined gestational age by last menstrual period (LMP), nevertheless, LMP has shown to be discordant with first trimester biometry in up to 20% of the cases in the best of clinical situations. Objective: To build a normogram of fetal biometry based on first trimester CRL and not on LMP. Methods: Between 2000 and 2004, 20400 scans were performed. First trimester CRL was used for dating second and third trimester biometries. 4762 scans in 2614 pregnant women were used to build our normal biometry charts. Our results were compared to other reference charts. Results: BDP at 22 weeks'GA form our population was significantly greater than that from Chitty and Vaccaro and similar to Kurmanavicius y Snijders. The AC of our population was greater and FL was similar to those of reference charts. Conclusión: The fetal biometry of our population was statistically different from that of local and in-ternational reference charts. This is important as gestational age is determined by first trimester ultrasound for obstetrical use.

Antecedentes: La gran mayoría de las curvas ultrasonográficas de crecimiento intrauterino han sido basadas en una edad gestacional (EG) determinada por fecha de última menstruación segura y confiable, la que es discordante con la ecografía de primer trimestre hasta en un 20%. Objetivo: Presentación de un normograma para diámetro biparietal (DBP), circunferencia abdominal (CA) y fémur (F), en embarazos únicos con EG calculada por ecografía de primer trimestre. Métodos: En la Unidad de Ultrasonografía de la Clínica Alemana de Santiago, durante 2000 y 2004, se analizaron todos los embarazos simples con eco-grafía de primer trimestre, definida por embrión vivo, único, con longitud céfalo-nalgas entre 3 y 84 mm. Se revisaron todos los informes ecográficos realizados durante el mismo embarazo, con informe de DBP, CA y F. Se seleccionaron 4.762 ecografías realizadas a 2.614 embarazadas. Se comparó los resultados con curvas de referencia nacional e internacional. Resultados: El DBP de nuestra población a las 22 semanas es significativamente mayor que las publicadas por Chitty y Vaccaro, y similares a las de Kurmanavicius y Snijders; mientras que la CA es mayor y el fémur es similar a las demás curvas de referencia. Conclusión: Las curvas obtenidas y determinadas por la ecografía de primer trimestre son diferentes con las curvas de referencias comparadas. Esto deberá considerarse dado que la ecografía precoz para el cálculo de la edad gestacional se ha generalizado en la práctica obstétrica actual.

Some recent results concerning the synthesis of carbon nanostructures in a thermal plasma generating by a plasma torch are presented. Several tests were carried out in different operational conditions. The plasma was formed with argon and different gas mixtures of argon-acetylene or argon-methane to which some catalyst materials (ferrocene and cerium oxide) were added. These catalysts were introduced into the plasma in a solid (powder) or/and a gaseous state. Their feeding rate into the plasma jet was fixed along with some other operating conditions such as plasma power, gas flow rate and reactor pressure. The principal main feature observed was a short reaction time so that each test lasted for no longer than 5 minutes. The solid products obtained were collected and prepared for following analyses. The products were examined using XRD and TEM techniques in order to characterize the morphological structure of their samples. The spatial distribution of temperature in the plasma was evaluated by in-situ emission spectroscopy. The self-absorption was taken into account by simulating an integrated radiation in relation to the Swan band d³pig -> a³piu(0,0), emitted by the C2 radical. Also, the exhaust gases were characterized by gas chromatography during each test.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of febrile syndrome cases occurring during El Niño phenomenon in 1997-98, and to review the pathophysiology of hyperthermia. Material and Methods: Descriptive longitudinal study performed in Chimbote, Ancash. The case definition for febrile syndrome was: children less than 5 years old with fever not responding to antipyretic agents and without any apparent infectious source. In the following analysis a ‘non-toxic’ appearance, absence of any infectious source in the physical examination, and negative laboratory tests were also considered. Results: 25 cases were assessed (68% male, 80% between 5 and 18 months old), with an average 15,17 (13,52) days (± standard deviation) as time for being sick. Median temperature was 38,8º C, average temperature was 38.84º C (range: 38 - 40º C). Two thirds (68%) of all patients were sick for more than 15 days; 52% had visited a health facility at least once; 68% received antibiotics and antipyretic agents; and 52% were admitted to the hospital through the emergency service. All cases had fever, associated to dry skin (72%), diarrhea (64%), cough (52%), weight loss (52%), irritability (44%), nausea and/or vomiting (40%), rhinorrhea (24%), and seizures (20%). The average hospitalization time was 4,7 days, and the average time being febrile was 2,5 days. None of the patients had any laboratory test compatible with any infectious cause. Conclusions: Under adverse environmental conditions, local heat should be considered as an important factor for the development of hyperthermia, in order to give the best management to affected people in the minimum time possible.

Objetivo: Describir el cuadro clínico y la evolución de los casos de síndrome febril presentados durante el fenómeno de "El Niño" de 1997-98, y presentar una revisión de la fisiopatología del cuadro de hipertermia. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal en la ciudad de Chimbote, Ancash. Se definió como caso de síndrome febril: niños menores de 5 años con fiebre refractaria al uso de antipiréticos sin foco aparente de infección. En el análisis posterior se consideraron: apariencia no tóxica, previamente sano, sin foco de infección al examen físico y con examen de laboratorio negativo. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 25 casos (68% varones, 80% con edades entre 5 y 18 meses) con un tiempo de enfermedad promedio de 15,17(13,52) días ± desviación stándar (±DS). La mediana de la temperatura fue 38,8ºC con un promedio de 38,84ºC (rango 38 - 40ºC). 68% tuvo un tiempo de enfermedad mayor de 15 días; 52% había visitado al menos una vez un centro médico anterior; 68% recibió antibióticos y antipiréticos; y, 52 % ingresó al hospital por emergencia. Todos los casos presentaron alza térmica, asociado a piel seca (72%), diarrea (64%), tos (52%), baja de peso (52%), irritabilidad (44%), náuseas o vómitos (40%), rinorrea (24%) y convulsiones (20%). El tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue 4,7 días y el estado febril promedio fue 2,5 días. Ninguno tuvo examen de laboratorio compatible con causa infecciosa. Conclusiones: En situaciones ambientales adversas debe considerarse al calor ambiental como un factor importante en el desarrollo de la hipertermia, con el propósito de brindar un manejo más apropiado a los afectados en el menor tiempo posible.