ABSTRACT Agricultural matrices can lead to landscape homogenization, culminating in losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Agricultural management is determinant for developing conservation strategies. In this review, we discuss the influence of the agricultural matrix on biodiversity at different scales. Intensive agriculture under agrochemicals and synthetic fertilizers aggravates forest fragmentation processes, compromising conservation habitats. On the other hand, managed matrixes with greater agricultural biodiversity and reduced synthetic inputs tend to favor species’ persistence. There is discord regarding the best model to conserve biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, but the land sharing system increases the landscape heterogeneity, ensures food production, and constitutes a safer approach from the socioecological perspective. Future studies should consider the matrix identity and management to assess fragmentation effects and its ability to harbor biodiversity.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da eutrofização do solo em fragmentos remanescentes de vegetação nativa sobre a comunidade florística de arbóreas em paisagens agrícolas. Foram amostrados oito sítios de vegetação arbórea na Mata Atlântica, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em pares formados de acordo com o uso do solo em seu entorno - intensivo (UI) ou extensivo (UE) - e com diferentes tamanhos: dois fragmentos pequenos, com cerca de 10 ha; dois médios, com 30 ha; dois grandes, com 100 ha; e outros dois sítios localizados dentro de uma área contínua de floresta. Um conjunto de parâmetros bióticos e de solos, além de métricas da paisagem, foi obtido e analisado segundo duas hipóteses: H01, a fertilidade do solo dos remanescentes naturais adjacentes a áreas agrícolas de uso intensivo é alterada; e H02, a eutrofização do solo dos remanescentes naturais adjacentes a áreas agrícolas de uso intensivo altera a composição da sua comunidade de arbóreas. Os teores de cálcio foram cerca de sete vezes maiores nos sítios adjacentes a UI, quando comparados aos fragmentos adjacentes a UE. Os teores de fósforo foram de 1,5 a 2,5 vezes maiores nos fragmentos pequenos e médios adjacentes a áreas de UI. A análise de ordenamento evidenciou que P, K, Ca, luz difusa, abertura de dossel, relação área/perímetro e isolamento dos fragmentos explicam 59% da composição das comunidades arbóreas.

Abstract This objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil eutrophication in remaining patches of native vegetation on the floristic community of trees in agricultural landscapes. Eight sites of arboreal vegetation were sampled in the Atlantic Forest, in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in pairs formed according to land use in their boundary - intensive (UI) or extensive (UE) -, and with different sizes: two small sites, with about 10 ha; two medium-sized ones, with 30 ha; two large ones, with 100 ha; and two sites located within a continuous forest area. A set of biotic and soil parameters, besides landscape metrics, was surveyed and analyzed considering two hypotheses: H01, soil fertility is changed in forest remnants next to areas of intensive agricultural use; and H02, soil eutrophication in forest remnants next to areas of intensive agricultural use changes the composition of its tree community. Calcium contents were about seven times higher in sites next to UI areas, in comparison with those next to UE areas. Phosphorous contents were 1.5 to 2.5 times higher in the small and medium-sized patches next to UI areas. The ordering analysis showed that P, K, Ca, diffuse light, canopy opening, area/perimeter ratio, and patch isolation account for 59% of the tree community composition.