The present study narrates the developed and validated simple, reliable, sensitive, precise and accurate Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for the simultaneous estimation of Fenbendazole and Niclosamide in pharmaceutical dosage form. In the first order derivative method 0.1 N methanolic HCl was used as diluent. The zero crossing point wavelengths selected for the analysis were 226 nm and 317 nm for Fenbendazole and Niclosamide, respectively and RP-HPLC method has been developed using 1% methanolic HCl as diluent. Separations of drugs were achieved on L1 C18 100 A° column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) using 2 gm potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 290 nm. Validation of developed methods was done according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 3-9 μg/mL (Fenbendazole) and 10-30 μg/mL (Niclosamide) for spectrophotometric method and 24-39 μg/mL (Fenbendazole) and 80-130 μg/mL (Niclosamide) for RP-HPLC method. The developed RP-HPLC and derivative spectrophotometric method were successfully applied for the quantitative determination of cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form. The correlation coefficients (r²) value greater than 0.995. Accuracy of methods were determined by recovery studies and it was found to be 98 to 102 %. The % RSD values for all the validation parameters were less than 2.0 % for both the methods. The developed UV and RP-HPLC methods were compared by t - test and it was found that t stat value was less than t critical, value for all. Hence there was no significant difference between the developed methods.

The exon 2-3 region of bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I BoLa-A gene was investigated for polymorphisms in three breeds of cattle originated in the Indian subcontinent namely Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Hariana, as well as crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cattle and Jersey, the exotic breed (Bos taurus). The PCR amplified fragment of 714 bp showed distinct DdeI-, TaqI- and HinfI- RFLP patterns, thus confirming a higher degree of polymorphism in this region. To our knowledge this is the first report of HinfI restriction patterns for BoLa-A exon 2-3. The sequencing results revealed a number of nucleotide substitutions in this region, which resulted in amino acid changes. The present investigation confirmed that MHC class I BoLa-A exon 2-3 is highly polymorphic in cattle.