Abstract Introduction. Video games have a strong influence on children and adolescents. Video game addiction has negative effects on children’s health. Objective. To determine the relationship between video game addiction and bladder/bowel dysfunction in children. Materials and methods. Three hundred sixty-three children and their mothers who met the inclusion criteria constituted the sample of this correlational study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children, and the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. Results. We found that 72.5% of the children were nine years old and 27.5% were ten years old; 50.4% were males and 49.6% were female. While 4.7% of the children who participated in the study were underweight, 19.6% were overweight, and 17.9% were obese. The mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children score was 50.77 ± 16.17, whereas the mean Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire score was 29.98 ± 8.90. The ratio of children with a mean Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores equal to or greater than 90 was 0.8% (n = 3). We found that 3.6% (n = 13) of the children had urinary/fecal incontinence while playing video games. There was a weak positive relationship between the dimensions of the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children scores, the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire scores, and children’s bladder and bowel function (r = 0.220; p < 0.05). Conclusions. There is a correlation between children’s video game addiction level and their bladder and bowel dysfunction grade. Higher video game addiction levels correspond to higher bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Resumen Introducción. Los videojuegos tienen una fuerte influencia en los niños y adolescentes. La adicción a ellos tiene efectos perjudiciales para la salud de los niños. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la adicción a los videojuegos y la disfunción vesical o intestinal en niños. Materiales y métodos. Los 373 niños y sus madres que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión constituyeron la muestra de este estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario de información descriptiva, la Video Game Addiction Scale for Children y el Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. Resultados. El 72,5 % de los niños tenía nueve años y, el 27,5 %, diez; el 50,4 % eran hombres y el 49,6 %, mujeres. El 4,7 % de los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio tenían bajo peso, el 19,6 % presentaba sobrepeso y el 17,9 % tenía obesidad. Se constató que las puntuaciones medias de las escalas fueron 50,77 ± 16,17 para la Video Game Addiction Scale for Children y 29,98 ± 8,90 para el Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. La proporción de niños con una puntuación de 90 o superior en la dicha escala fue del 0,8 % (n = 3). Se encontró que el 3,6 % (n = 13) de los niños tenía incontinencia urinario-fecal mientras jugaba videojuegos. Se reveló que había una correlación positiva débil entre las dimensiones de las dos escalas evaluadas, y la función de la vejiga y el intestino (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. El grado de adicción a los videojuegos de los niños está correlacionado con su grado de disfunción vesical o intestinal: entre mayor sea la adicción, mayor es la disfunción.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare vastus lateralis and ventrogluteal site utilizations concerning pain and fear in intramuscular injection in children between 4 and 6 years of age. METHODS: A randomized trial design was utilized in this study. Groups were randomly assigned as ventrogluteal (n=43) and vastus lateralis (n=40). Children in both groups were compared before, during, and after the procedure using the Children’s Fear Scale and the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Crying time was measured using a stopwatch during the procedure. RESULTS: While the mean Children’s Fear Scale total scores of the children in the ventrogluteal group were similar before the procedure, the mean Children’s Fear Scale total scores during and after the procedure were significantly lower than the children in the vastus lateralis group. Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale mean scores were significantly lower in the ventrogluteal group. The mean crying time of the children in the ventrogluteal group was significantly lesser than those in the vastus lateralis group (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the choice of the ventrogluteal site in intramuscular injection in children between 4 and 6 years of age was effective in reducing pain, fear, and crying time. OBJECTIVE METHODS n=43 n43 n 43 (n=43 n=40. n40 n=40 . 40 (n=40) Childrens s WongBaker Wong Baker RESULTS p=0.000. p0000 p p=0.000 0 000 (p=0.000) CONCLUSION n=4 n4 (n=4 (n=40 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 n= (n= p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (n p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo la formación impartida a través de talleres estructurados relacionados con el manejo de la presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias en el recién nacido afecta el conocimiento de las enfermeras que trabajan en cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos: un grupo de enfermeras asistieron a un taller interactivo basado en una conferencia sobre el manejo de la presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias en el recién nacido. Las enfermeras en cuestión habían aceptado una invitación para asistir a la presentación antes del evento de capacitación. La información sobre las características diferenciadoras de los participantes se recogió a través de un cuestionario elaborado por los propios investigadores. Una evaluación de los conocimientos de las enfermeras sobre el tema se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario de selección múltiple (CSM), el cual fue elaborado por los investigadores en relación con la literatura. El CSM fue enviado por correo a unos expertos en Turquía (siete personas) y unos expertos en el exterior (cinco personas), y sus opiniones fueron tomadas en cuenta. A la luz de sus sugerencias, al CSM se le dio su forma final y el número de preguntas se fijó en 20. El CSM, que consta de 20 preguntas, fue respondido por los participantes antes y después del taller interactivo. A los participantes no se les dijo si la prueba se repitió después del taller de formación. Resultados: treinta y seis enfermeras de la unidad neonatal participaron en el estudio. Cada pregunta en el CSM se consideró como un (1) punto. La puntuación máxima posible en la prueba fue 20. Hubo una mejora significativa en la puntuación de la prueba media después de la conferencia, si se compara con la puntuación preconferencia (media = 19,6, SD = 0,8 vs. media = 13,1, SD = 3.0, P <0,001). Conclusiones: un taller interactivo basado en una conferencia sobre el manejo de la presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias en el recién nacido ayuda a mejorar el conocimiento de las enfermeras. También ayuda a superar las deficiencias en la formación de enfermeras.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine how training imparted via structured workshops related to management of continuous positive airway pressure in the newborn affects the knowledge of neonatal intensive care nurses. Methods: A group of nurses attended an interactive lecture-based workshop on management of continuous positive airway pressure in the newborn. The nurses in question had accepted an invitation to the presentation prior to the training event. Information on the participants' differentiating features was collected via a questionnaire prepared by the researchers themselves. An evaluation of the nurses' knowledge on the subject was performed through a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) prepared by the researchers in relation to the literature. After the MCQ was prepared, it was mailed to experts in Turkey (7 people) and experts from abroad (5 people), and their opinions were considered. In light of their suggestions, the MCQ was given its final form and the number of questions was set at 20. The MCQ consisting of 20 questions was answered by the participants before and after the interactive workshop. The participants were not informed as to whether or not the test would be repeated after the training. Results: Thirty-six nurses from the neonatal unit took part in the study. Each question in the MCQ was considered as one (1) point. The maximum possible score on the test was 20. There was a significant improvement in the mean test score after the lecture, when compared to the pre-lecture score (Mean = 19.6, SD=0.8 vs. Mean =13.1, SD=3.0, P<0.001). Conclusions: A lecture-based inter active workshop on management of continuous positive airway pressure in newborns helps to improve nurses' knowledge. It also helps to overcome deficiencies in nurse training.

Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo é determinar como a formação ministrada nas oficinas estrturadas relacionadas com o manejo da pressão positiva contínua nas vias respiratórias no recém-nascido afeta o conhecimento das enfermeiras que trabalham em cuidados intesivos neonatais. Métodos: um grupo de enfermeiras participaram de uma oficina interativa baseada numa conferência sobre o manejo da pressão contínua nas vias respiratórias no recém-nascido. as enferemeiras em questão tinham aceitado um convite para comparecer à apresentação antes do evento de aperfeiçoamento. a informação sobre as características diferenciadoras dos participantes foi coletada por meio de um questionário elaborado pelos próprios pesquisadores. Uma avaliação dos conhecimentos das enfermeiras sobre o tema foi realizado mediante questionário de múltipla escolha (QME), o qual foi elaborado pelos pesquisadores de acordo com a literatura. o QME foi enviado por e-mail a sete especialistas na Turquia e a outros cinco no exterior, e suas opiniões foram consideradas. À luz das sugestões, o QME, que consta de 20 perguntas, foi respondido pelos participantes antes e depois da oficina interativa. Resultados: 36 enfermeiras da unidade neonatal participaram do estudo. Cada pergunta do QME foi considerada como (1) ponto. A pontuação máxima possível na prova foi 20. Houve uma melhora significativa na pontuação da prova média depois da conferência, se comparada com a pontuação pré-conferência (media = 19,6, SD = 0,8 vs. media = 13,1, SD = 3.0, P < 0,001). Conclusões: uma oficina interativa baseada numa conferência sobre o manejo da pressão positiva contínua nas vias respiratórias no recém-nascido ajuda a melhorar o conhecimento das enfermeiras e a superar as deficiências na sua formação.