Abstract Background: Obesity is a public health problem and has been associated with the development of metabolic disorders that have a strong relationship with the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: The objective was to analyze the influence of abdominal obesity (AO) on systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and on the lipid profile in cardiovascular risk stratification in adult women. Methods: Altogether, 91 women participated in the research. Lifestyle information was collected, in addition to the analysis of clinical measures of cardiovascular risk and biochemical parameters. Unpaired Student's t-test, logistic regression, and Pearson's correlation were performed for data analysis, with a value of p <0.05 considered significant. Results: The prevalence of AO was 62.6%. Logistic regression showed that AO increased the chance of developing SAH by 2.9-fold. The same behavior was observed in the TG/HDL-c lipid ratio (3.93 ± 0.3 vs. 2.16 ± 0.2), representing an 82% increase in obese women. The present study also demonstrated that the best anthropometric parameter to analyze cardiovascular risk in the studied population was the waist/height ratio (AUC = 0.707). Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that AO plays a significant role in the development of SAH and changes in lipid values that predict increased cardiovascular risk, configuring a strong influence factor for CVD.

Resumo O SARS-CoV-2 é o vírus responsável pela pandemia da COVID-19. Essa doença começou a ser melhor entendida devido a outras manifestações clínicas além das respiratórias. Ao longo dos meses de atendimento aos pacientes infectados pelo vírus, foram identificadas alterações clínicas e laboratoriais que incitaram os pesquisadores a discutir sobre o potencial do SARS-CoV-2 no desencadeamento de uma resposta imunológica exacerbada capaz de alterar a homeostase endotelial, através de mecanismos diretos e indiretos. Com esse intuito, foram revisados os possíveis mecanismos que desencadeiam este fenômeno em pacientes portadores de COVID-19. Dessa forma, torna-se importante o entendimento fisiopatológico dos mecanismos imunológicos relacionados à doença para a compreensão do potencial de dano endotelial que a COVID-19 pode promover.

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This disease is beginning to be better understood in terms of its other, non-respiratory, clinical manifestations. Over the course of months caring for patients infected by the virus, clinical and laboratory changes have been identified that have prompted researchers to debate the potential that SARS-CoV-2 has to trigger an exacerbated immune response that is capable of changing endothelial homeostasis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. With the intention of contributing to this debate, a review was conducted of the possible mechanisms that could trigger these phenomena in patients with COVID-19. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of the immunological mechanisms related to this disease in order to understand the potential endothelial damage that COVID-19 can provoke.

SUMMARY Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is part of the Cononaviridae family and is the causative agent of the 2019 (Covid-19) Coronavirus pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in March, 2020. This virus has a high rate of transmission, affecting several individuals, and has caused thousands of deaths. The clinical manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection are not restricted only to the respiratory tract, and there is an express involvement of the cardiovascular system with a higher risk of death in this group. In such patients there is an overactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which promotes an increase in the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme – 2 that acts as a receptor for the SPIKE protein expressed by the virus and enables the interaction between the host cell and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. This process of infection causes a hyperinflammatory state that increases the inflammatory markers of cardiac injury. Hence, an adequate understanding and clinical guidance regarding the monitoring, and controlling the damage in these patients is essential to avoid worsening of their clinical condition and to prevent death.

Resumo O aneurisma da aorta abdominal corresponde a uma dilatação anormal, enquanto a dissecção aórtica aguda é uma delaminação da túnica média com formação de um falso lúmen. A Tenascina-C é uma glicoproteína que pode ser encontrada em situações de lesão tecidual. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretendeu avaliar se a Tenascina-C pode auxiliar na avaliação do prognóstico do aneurisma da aorta abdominal e da dissecção aórtica aguda. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura em que foram considerados elegíveis quatro artigos, sendo que dois associaram maiores níveis da Tenascina-C a fatores de proteção e menor risco de lesões, enquanto dois correlacionaram com prognóstico pior. Alguns autores acreditam que a Tenascina-C poderia ser um biomarcador elegível, mas esses estudos ainda são inconclusivos no que diz respeito a seu papel no desfecho clínico dos pacientes com aneurismas.

Abstract Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation, while acute aortic dissection is a delamination of the tunica media, forming a false lumen. Tenascin-C is a glycoprotein that can be found in situations involving tissue damage. The objective of this article is to evaluate whether Tenascin-C assays could be of use for predicting prognosis in abdominal aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissection. We conducted an integrative literature review, for which four articles were considered eligible. Two of these studies associated higher Tenascin-C levels with protective factors and lower risk of injury, whereas the other two correlated them with worse prognosis. Some authors believe that Tenascin-C could be a candidate biomarker, but these studies are still inconclusive with regard to its role in the clinical outcomes of patients with aneurysms.

Resumo: O presente artigo traz a percepção de agentes de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Ater), do município de Paulo Afonso, Bahia, em relação aos princípios e objetivos da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural para a Agricultura Familiar e Reforma Agrária. Realizou-se um breve histórico sobre a Extensão Rural brasileira, revisão de literatura, análise da legislação pertinente e pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de questionários a oito agentes de Ater.

Abstract: This article presents the perception of agents of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Ater), of the municipality of Paulo Afonso, Bahia, in relation to the principles and objectives of the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension for Family Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. A brief history of the Brazilian Rural Extension, literature review, relevant legislation analysis and field research was carried out, with questionnaires being applied to eight Ater agents.

Resumen: El presente artículo trae la percepción de agentes de Asistencia Técnica y Extensión Rural (Ater), del municipio de Paulo Afonso, Bahia, en relación a los principios y objetivos de la Política Nacional de Asistencia Técnica y Extensión Rural para la Agricultura Familiar y la Reforma Agraria. Se realizó un breve histórico sobre la Extensión Rural brasileña, revisión de literatura, análisis de la legislación pertinente e investigación de campo, con aplicación de cuestionarios a ocho agentes de Ater.