Resumo Este estudo usa métricas de rastreamento ocular para quantificar a atenção visual dada aos atributos de diferenciação dos cafés especiais. Dois experimentos do tipo Discrete Choice foram desenvolvidos utilizando a embalagem como estímulo para analisar a atenção visual e a probabilidade de escolha de cada atributo. O experimento 1 (466 observações) incluiu a avaliação dos atributos preço, marca, variedade do café, selo orgânico e origem. O experimento 2 (279 observações) testou preço, pontuação, altitude e torra do grão. Os experimentos 1 e 2 revelaram que o uso das métricas Time Fixation Duration (TFD) e Visit Count (VC) foram eficientes na avaliação do efeito da atenção visual na escolha de cada atributo presente na embalagem. No experimento 2, o tempo para a primeira fixação (TFF) e as métricas de disposição a pagar (WTP) também foram significativas, sendo que este teve um valor superior ao preço mais alto indicado pelo varejista. O rótulo de uma embalagem pode ser considerado potencialmente uma primeira ativação em relação à novidade que esses atributos representam e, além disso, os achados deste estudo podem direcionar os esforços da indústria cafeeira para educar seus clientes sobre os principais atributos de qualidade relacionados ao consumo de cafés especiais que ainda são pouco conhecidos, mas que podem gerar lucratividade futura. 466 (46 observações marca café origem 279 (27 pontuação grão TFD (TFD VC (VC TFF (TFF WTP (WTP significativas varejista disso conhecidos futura 46 (4 27 (2 4 (

Abstract This study uses eye-tracking metrics to quantify the visual attention given to differentiation attributes in specialty coffees. Two Discrete Choice-type experiments were developed using the packaging as a stimulus to analyze visual attention and the probability of choice for each attribute. Experiment 1 (466 observations) included the evaluation of the attributes price, brand, coffee variety, organic label and origin. Experiment 2 (279 observations) tested price, score, altitude and roast. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that the use of the Time Fixation Duration (TFD) and Visit Count (VC) metrics were efficient in evaluating the effect of visual attention on the choice of each attribute present in the packaging. In experiment 2, the Time to First Fixation (TFF) and the willingness-to-pay (WTP) metrics were also significant, the latter of which had a value higher than the highest price indicated by the retailer. The packaging label could be considered a first potential activation regarding the novelty that these attributes represent, and the findings of this study can direct the efforts of the coffee industry to educate its customers about the main quality attributes related to the consumption of specialty coffees that are still poorly understood, but which may generate future profitability. eyetracking eye tracking Choicetype Choice type 466 (46 observations brand variety origin 279 (27 score roast TFD (TFD VC (VC TFF (TFF willingnesstopay willingness pay WTP (WTP significant retailer represent understood profitability 46 (4 27 (2 4 (

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o selamento bacteriano da interface entre o pilar protético e o implante na conexão cônica do implante de 2,9 mm de diâmetro. A pesquisa utilizou dois conjuntos de implante/pilar protético (G1 e G2) para análise. Um grupo (G1) foi previamente submetido a ciclagem mecânica, com 500.000 ciclos por amostra, recebendo uma carga de 120 N com inclinação de 30° a 2 Hz. Para análise microbiológica, cada amostra foi imersa em uma suspensão de Escherichia coli e incubada a 37 °C. Após 14 dias, os pilares protéticos foram separados dos respectivos implantes, os valores de torque reverso foram registrados, e a presença de penetração bacteriana foi avaliada. Os testes de distribuição t de Student e binomial foram utilizados para os cálculos estatísticos, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de torque reverso e a proporção de falha de selamento microbiano. Houve contaminação em 33% das amostras do grupo G1 e 0% no grupo G2. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de torque reverso nos grupos avaliados e no selamento bacteriano com ou sem ciclagem mecânica (p>0,05). Portanto, os resultados deste estudo mostraram que implantes com plataforma de 2,9 mm foram eficazes no selamento microbiológico, independentemente da ciclagem mecânica, evidenciando a precisão e previsibilidade do sistema. 29 9 2, diâmetro implantepilar G (G G2 500000 500 000 500.00 12 30 Hz microbiológica 3 C °C 1 dias registrados avaliada estatísticos adotandose adotando se 5 5% microbiano 33 0 p>0,05. p005 p p>0,05 . 05 (p>0,05) Portanto microbiológico sistema 50000 50 00 500.0 p00 p>0,0 (p>0,05 5000 500. p0 p>0, (p>0,0 p>0 (p>0, p> (p>0 (p> (p

ABSTRACT The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial sealing of the abutment interface and implant in the conical connection of the 2.9mm diameter implant. The research used two sets of screw-in / prosthetic abutment (G1 and G2) for analysis. One group (G1) was previously subjected to mechanical cycling, 500000 cycles per sample, receiving a load of 120N with 30° inclination at 2 Hz. For microbiological analysis, each sample was immersed in Escherichia coli suspension and incubated at 37°C. After 14 days, the abutments were separated from the respective implants, the reverse torque values were recorded and the presence of bacterial penetration was evaluated. Student’s t-distribution and binomial tests were used for the statistical calculations, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. There was no significant difference between the reversal torque values and the proportion of turbid broths. There was contamination in 33% samples and in group G1 and 0% in group G2. There was no significant difference between the values of the reverse torque in the evaluated groups and bacterial sealing with or without mechanical cycling (p>0.05). Therefore, the results of this study showed that implants with platform of 2.9 mm were effective in microbiological sealing, independent of the mechanical cycling, evidencing the accuracy and predictability of the system. 29mm 9mm screwin screw G (G G2 analysis 50000 N 30 Hz 37C C 37 37°C 1 days Students Student s tdistribution t distribution calculations 5 adopted broths 33 0 p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 05 (p>0.05) Therefore 29 9 2. system 5000 3 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 500 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 50 p>0 (p>0. p> (p>0 (p> (p

Resumo: A luxação traumática atlanto-occipital (LTAO) é uma lesão rara, grave e com alto índice de mortalidade. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de um paciente de 28 anos, politraumatizado, que sofreu uma LTAO associada à luxação rotatória em C1-C2, à avulsão de côndilo e ao traumatismo crânio encefálico decorrente de acidente automobilístico, com relato de uma parada cardiorrespiratória no local do acidente. O paciente deu entrada no serviço com déficit motor e sensitivo, sofrendo outras intercorrências de gravidade clínica durante a internação. Após dois anos do tratamento cirúrgico, o paciente evoluiu favoravelmente com completa recuperação das alterações neuromotoras e sensitivas. O caso apresentado demonstra que é possível a recuperação neurológica com sequelas mínimas, mesmo após um prognóstico desfavorável decorrente de uma lesão grave e o elevado risco de morte decorrente desse tipo de trauma. É essencial que os profissionais de saúde estejam aptos a identificar e tratar a LTAO, garantindo uma melhorar dos resultados clínicos, redução da mortalidade e morbidade, além de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes afetados. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos. Resumo atlantooccipital atlanto occipital (LTAO rara 2 politraumatizado C1C2, C1C2 CC C1 C2, C2 C C1-C2 automobilístico sensitivo internação cirúrgico sensitivas mínimas trauma clínicos morbidade afetados IV casos C1C C1-C

ABSTRACT Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is a rare, severe, and usually fatal injury. In this paper, we report the case of a 28-year-old patient with multiple trauma, who suffered an atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) associated with rotatory dislocation at C1-C2, condyle fracture and traumatic brain injury resulting from a car accident, with a cardiopulmonary arrest at the accident site. The patient had motor and sensory deficits, suffering other complications of clinical severity during hospitalization. After two years of surgical treatment follow-up, the patient had a complete recovery of neuromotor and sensory functions. This case demonstrates that neurological recovery with minimal sequelae is possible, even after an unfavorable prognosis resulting from a severe injury with a high risk of death as this kind of trauma. It is essential for health professionals to have the ability to identify and treat AOD, ensuring improved clinical outcomes, reducing mortality and morbidity, and providing a better life to affected patients. Level of Evidence IV; Cases Series. atlantooccipital atlanto occipital rare paper 28yearold yearold 28 year old trauma AOD (AOD C1C2, C1C2 CC C1 C2, C2 C C1-C2 site deficits hospitalization followup, followup follow up, up follow-up functions possible outcomes morbidity patients IV Series 2 C1C C1-C

Resumen: La luxación traumática atlanto-occipital (LTAO) es una lesión grave, poco frecuente y con una elevada tasa de mortalidad. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un paciente politraumatizado de 28 años que sufrió una LTAO asociada a luxación rotatoria en C1-C2, a la avulsión de cóndilos y traumatismo craneoencefálico como consecuencia de un accidente de tráfico, con parada cardiorrespiratoria en el lugar del accidente. El paciente presentaba déficits motores y sensoriales y sufrió otras complicaciones clínicas graves durante su hospitalización. Luego de dos años de tratamiento quirúrgico, el paciente evoluciona favorablemente con recuperación completa de las alteraciones neuromotoras y sensitivas. El caso presentado demuestra que la recuperación neurológica con mínimas secuelas es posible, incluso después de un pronóstico desfavorable debido a una lesión grave y al alto riesgo de muerte derivado de este tipo de traumatismos. Es esencial que los profesionales sanitarios sean capaces de identificar y tratar la LTAO, garantizando mejores resultados clínicos, una reducción de la mortalidad y la morbilidad, y una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes afectados. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Series de casos. Resumen atlantooccipital atlanto occipital (LTAO 2 C1C2, C1C2 CC C1 C2, C2 C C1-C2 tráfico hospitalización quirúrgico sensitivas posible traumatismos clínicos morbilidad afectados IV casos C1C C1-C

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade dos cimentos resinosos Rely X Ultimate 2, Rely X U200 e Variolink II, bem como sua influência na expressão de genes antioxidantes em fibroblastos gengivais humanos. Materiais e Método: Corpos de prova de cada cimento foram colocados em meio de cultura por 24 h e os extratos correspondentes foram aplicados aos fibroblastos. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada após 24, 48 e 72 h de exposição pelo ensaio de exclusão do azul de tripano e MTT. A expressão gênica foi avaliada por PCR quantitativo após 24 h de exposição aos extratos. Estes parâmetros foram comparados aos das células não expostas aos cimentos. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA, seguido pelo pós-teste de Bonferroni (a≤0.05). Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que todos os cimentos promoveram redução do número de células viáveis e da atividade mitocondrial nos períodos de 48 e de 72 h (p < 0,01), sendo que o Variolink II apresentou o menor efeito e os cimentos Rely X Ultimate e Rely X U200 promoveram similarmente os maiores efeitos. A análise de expressão gênica evidenciou influência significativa em todos os cimentos avaliados sobre os níveis de transcritos de PRDX1, SOD1, GPX1 e GSS (p> 0,05), com um aumento considerável no Rely X U200. Conclusão: A indução de genes antioxidantes está, pelo menos em parte, associada à citotoxicidade dos cimentos testados para a experiência de estresse oxidativo.

ABSTRACT Aim: This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF). Materials and Method: RelyX Ultimate™(RXU), Variolink™II(VLII), and RelyXU200™(RXU200) resin cements were incubated with culture medium for 24 h to obtain eluates. Then, the eluates were applied over hGF to assess cell viability at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and antioxidant gene expression at 24 h. hGF cultures non-exposed to the eluates were used as Control. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α≤0.05). Results: RXU and RXU200 reduced the number of viable cells in 24 h. Longer exposure to cement extracts caused cell death. Gene expression showed peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) induction by all resin cement types, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induction by RXU200 and VLII. Moreover, RXU200 induced not only PRDX1 and SOD1, but also glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Conclusions: All resin cements showed toxicity, and induced antioxidant genes in hGF. Antioxidant gene induction is at least partly associated with cytotoxicity of tested cements to oxidative stress experience.

Resumo Objetivos analisar as concepções de pessoas que vivenciam o tratamento e o diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar. Método trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em um Centro de Saúde Escola de Belém (Pará) com 30 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de setembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com o auxílio de um roteiro contendo seis perguntas, assim como a observação das informações contidas no prontuário e no livro de controle de registro da tuberculose. Para a análise dos resultados, foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo segundo a perspectiva de Bardin. Resultado identificou-se que o reduzido conhecimento sobre a doença e a presença de concepções negativas influenciam, de forma significativa, a busca por cuidados ou a adesão ao tratamento, interferindo nas atividades diárias e laborais. Conclusão conclui-se que persiste a necessidade de os doentes (res)significarem a tuberculose durante o tratamento, sendo fundamental que a equipe de saúde conheça tais concepções, a fim de subsidiar cuidados que contemplem aspectos físicos e biopsicossociais ante o Programa de Controle da Tuberculose da unidade.

Abstract Objectives to analyze the conceptions of people experiencing treatment and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method this is a descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed in a School Health Center of Belém (Pará) with 30 patients. Data was collected during the period from September 2019 to January 2020 through a semi-structured interview with the aid of a script containing six questions, as well as the observation of the information contained in the medical record and in the tuberculosis record control book. For the analysis of the results, the Content Analysis technique was used according to Bardin's perspective. Result it was identified that the reduced knowledge about the disease and the presence of negative conceptions influence, in a significant way, the search for care or the adherence to treatment, interfering in daily and work activities. Conclusion it is concluded that the need for patients to (re)mean tuberculosis during treatment persists, and it is essential that the health team knows such conceptions in order to provide care that contemplates physical and bio-psychosocial aspects before the Tuberculosis Control Program of the unit.

Resumen Objetivos analizar las concepciones de las personas que viven el tratamiento y diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar. Método se trata de una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollada en un Centro de Salud Escolar de Belém (Pará), con 30 pacientes. Los datos fueron recogidos durante el período de septiembre de 2019 a enero de 2020 a través de una entrevista semiestructurada con la ayuda de un guion con seis preguntas, así como la observación de las informaciones contenidas en el prontuario y en el libro de control de registro de la tuberculosis. Para analizar los resultados se utilizó una técnica de análisis de contenido según la perspectiva de Bardin. Resultado se identificó que el escaso conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y la presencia de concepciones negativas influyen, de forma significativa, en la búsqueda de cuidados o la adhesión al tratamiento, interfiriendo en las actividades diarias y laborales. Conclusión se concluye que persiste la necesidad de los pacientes de (re)significar la tuberculosis durante el tratamiento, y del equipo tratante, de conocer tales concepciones, para subsidiar cuidados que contemplen aspectos físicos y biopsicosociales ante el Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis de la unidad.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether two acquisition parameters, voxel size and filter thickness, used in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, together with the examiner’s experience, influence the outcome of bone repair analysis in an experimental model. Bone defects were created in rat tibiae and scanned using two voxel sizes of 6- or 12-µm and two aluminum filter thickness of 0.5- or 1-mm. Then, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were analyzed twice by two groups of operators: experienced and inexperienced examiners. For BV/TV, no significant differences were found between scanning voxel sizes of 6 and 12 µm for the experienced examiners; however, for the inexperienced examiners, the analysis performed using a 12-µm voxel size resulted in higher BV/TV values (32.4 and 32.9) than those acquired using a 6-µm voxel size (25.4 and 24.8) (p < 0.05). For Tb.Th, no significant differences between the analyses performed by experienced and inexperienced groups were observed when using the 6-µm voxel size. However, inexperienced examiners’ analysis revealed higher Tb.Th values when using the 12-µm voxel size compared with 6 µm (0.05 vs. 0.03, p < 0.05). Filter thickness had no influence on the results of any group. In conclusion, voxel size and operator experience affected the measured Tb.Th and BV/TV of a region with new bone formation. Operator experience in micro-CT analysis is more critical for BV/TV than for Tb.Th, whereas voxel size significantly affects Tb.Th evaluation. Operators in the initial phases of research training should be calibrated for bone assessments. parameters microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT scan examiners examiner s model 12µm 0.5 05 0 5 1mm. 1mm mm 1 mm. 1-mm Then BVTV BV TV (BV/TV TbTh Tb Th (Tb.Th operators however 32.4 324 32 4 (32. 32.9 329 9 6µm 25.4 254 25 (25. 24.8 248 24 8 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0.05) However (0.0 vs 003 03 0.03 group conclusion formation evaluation assessments 0. 32. 3 (32 25. 2 (25 24. 00 0.0 (0. (3 (2 (0 (

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition (CHIR99021) effectively promoted mineralization by cementoblasts (OCCM-30). OCCM-30 cells were used and treated with different concentrations of CHIR99021 (2.5, 5, and 10 mM). Experiments included proliferation and viability, cellular metabolic activity, gene expression, and mineral nodule formation by Xylene Orange at the experimental time points. In general, CHIR99021 did not significantly affect OCCM-30 viability and cell metabolism (MTT assay) (p > 0.05), but increased OCCM-30 proliferation at 2.5 mM on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). Data analysis further showed that inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in increased transcript levels of Axin2 in OCCM-30 cells starting as early as 4 h, and regulated the expression of key bone markers including alkaline phosphatase (Alp), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and osterix (Osx). In addition, CHIR99021 led to an enhanced mineral nodule formation in vitro under both osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions as early as 5 days after treatment. Altogether, the results of the current study suggest that inhibition of GSK-3 has the potential to promote cementoblast differentiation leading to increased mineral deposition in vitro. GSK3 GSK 3 GSK- CHIR (CHIR99021 OCCM30. OCCM30 OCCM 30 . (OCCM-30) OCCM-3 CHIR9902 2.5, 25 (2.5 1 mM. mM) activity points general MTT assay p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) 2. 0.05. Axin h Alp, Alp (Alp) runtrelated runt related Runx2, Runx2 Runx (Runx-2) Ocn, Ocn (Ocn) Osx. Osx (Osx) addition nonosteogenic non treatment Altogether (CHIR9902 OCCM3 (OCCM-30 OCCM- CHIR990 (2. 00 0.0 (Alp (Runx-2 (Ocn (Osx (CHIR990 (OCCM-3 CHIR99 (2 0. (Runx- (CHIR99 (OCCM- CHIR9 ( (Runx (CHIR9 (OCCM (CHIR

ABSTRACT Aim: Our objective was to investigate whether there is an interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic, demographic characteristics and erectile/sexual (E/S) function in individuals from Latin America. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study which included Latin American individuals over 18 years old, recruited through social media and interviewed between July and August 2020 by online surveys (Google Forms) in Portuguese and Spanish languages. The E/S function was evaluated through the following questionnaires: Simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); while post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). The data was analyzed by T Student, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, with significance determined by the Wald test (p<0.05), using the R software v4.0. Results: Out of the 2016 individuals that responded to the survey, 1986 were included and 743 of them presented E/S dysfunction. PTSD occurrence was greater among people with E/S dysfunction when compared to those without E/S dysfunction, in the total score (males: IES-R=26.54[±19.17] and females: IES-R=35.92[±19.25]) and also in the three domains. It was found that those who do not live with a partner were 74% more likely to have E/S dysfunction, but living with a partner during the pandemic had a greater impact on E/S function. Conclusion: A negative interaction between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and erectile/sexual function of the Latin American population was observed, with greater implications among the individuals who live with their partners.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da restrição temporária de lisina na dieta sobre o desempenho e viabilidade econômica de leitões em fase de creche. Foram utilizados 144 leitões, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e 12 repetições. Os tratamentos foram controle-lis, nível de lisina recomendado dos 21 aos 32 e 32 aos 42 dias de idade e baixa-lis, 90% do nível de lisina das dietas controle-lis. Dos 42 aos 62 dias, todos os animais receberam dieta controle. De 21 a 32 dias, leitões alimentados com baixa-lis tiveram pior ganho médio diário (GMD), conversão alimentar e peso corporal aos 32 dias (P≤0,05). Dos 32 aos 42 dias, leitões alimentados com baixa-lis apresentaram menor consumo médio de ração diário, GMD e peso aos 42 dias (P≤0,05). Dos 21 aos 62 dias, leitões alimentados com baixa-lis apresentaram GMD e peso corporal final menores (P≤0,05) quando comparados aos alimentados com controle-lis. At 27 and 29 days of age, pigs fed the low-lys diet had a higher (P≤0.05) incidence of diarrhea Aos 27 e 29 dias, leitões alimentados com baixa-lis apresentaram maior (P≤0.05) indicência de diarreia. O menor custo de alimentação e o maior índice de eficiência econômica foram registrados para baixa-lis. No entanto, os suínos alimentados com controle-lis apresentaram rentabilidade 3,9% maior. Como conclusão, a restrição temporária de lisina nas dietas de leitões piora o desempenho e diminui a viabilidade econômica.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the effects of temporary dietary lysine restriction on nursery pigs’ growth performance and its economic viability compared to control diets, 144 piglets (21-d-old) were assigned to randomized blocks, with two treatments and twelve replicates. The treatments were control-lys: lysine level as recommended from 21-32 and 32-42 days and low-lys: 90% of the lysine level of the control-lys diets. From 42 to 62 days, all animals received a control diet. From 21 to 32 days, pigs fed low-lys had worse average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, and 32-d body weight (BW; P ≤ 0.05). From 32 to 42 days, pigs fed low-lys had lower average daily feed intake, ADG, and 42-d BW (P ≤ 0.05). From 42 to 62 days, pigs had similar performance (P > 0.05). Overall (21 to 62 days), pigs fed the low-lys had lower (P <0.05) ADG and final BW. At 27 and 29 days, pigs fed the low-lys diet had a higher (P≤0.05) incidence of diarrhea. The lowest feed cost and the highest economic efficiency index were recorded for the low-lys treatment. However, pigs fed the control-lys presented a 3.9% higher profitability. In conclusion, a temporary reduction of lysine in the diets of nursery pigs followed by an unrestricted diet in the subsequent period led to worse growth performance and lower economic viability.

ABSTRACT Tropical dry forests are among the most threatened vegetation types in the world, exposed to even higher deforestation rates than rainforests. The largest tropical dry forest is the Caatinga, in the semiarid Northeast region of Brazil. Home to many endemic species and genera, the Caatinga has lost half of its original vegetation cover and become highly fragmented. Furthermore, the Caatinga is little protected by conservation units and subject to multiple human pressures. Brazil committed to the Convention of Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 -2020, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, requiring protection of 17 % of terrestrial habitats. Using GIS, we quantified the total area of Caatinga encompassed by fully protected and sustainable use reserves. We found that less than 8 % of the Caatinga is legally protected under Brazil’s national nature reserve legislation (SNUC law), and only 1.3 % is in reserves with full legal protection. We show that the geographical distribution of reserves is biased, leaving some regions of the Caatinga with very little protection. We conclude that Brazil has not met international conservation commitments with respect to the Caatinga and, despite a recent expansion of the protected area network, only small and unrepresentative portions of the Caatinga are effectively safeguarded.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de queixas álgicas no pé e tornozelo, parâmetros radiográficos e o desempenho funcional de indivíduos com obesidade grave, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) com valor > 40 e indicação de cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos Foram avaliados 40 pacientes com obesidade grave acompanhados em ambulatório de cirurgia bariátrica. Este grupo de obesos graves (IMC > 40) foi subdividido em dois subgrupos: obesos com IMC < 50 (n = 24); e outro de obesos com IMC > 50 (n = 16). Foi realizada comparação com grupo controle de 42 indivíduo voluntários com IMC médio de 24. Foram avaliados a presença de dor no pé pela escala visual (EVA), o desempenho funcional pela escala da Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês) (domínios antepé, mediopé e retropé), idade, gênero, ângulo (âng) metatarso-falangeano do hálux, âng intermetatarsal do hálux , âng talocalcaneano, "pitch" calcaneano e âng de Meary. Resultados Foi observada maior incidência de dor no pé no grupo de obesos graves em relação ao controle (p < 0,0001, razão de chances [odds ratio, OR]: 4,2). O desempenho funcional pela escala AOFAS foi inferior no grupo de obesos em relação ao controle (p < 0,0001, retropé com OR = 4,81; mediopé com OR = 3,33). Conclusão Houve maior incidência de dor no pé no grupo de obesos graves em relação ao controle. Houve pior desempenho funcional pela escala AOFAS nas regiões do antepé, mediopé e retropé no grupo de obesos graves.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle pain complaints, radiographic parameters, and functional performance in subjects with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 40) who are candidates to bariatric surgery. Methods Forty severely obese patients were evaluated at a bariatric surgery outpatient facility. These severely obese subjects (BMI > 40) were divided into two subgroups: those with BMI < 50 (n = 24) and BMI > 50 (n = 16). These patients were compared with a control group of 42 volunteers with a mean BMI value of 24. The following parameters were assessed: foot pain (according to the visual analog scale [VAS]), functional performance (according to the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society [AOFAS] scale, including forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot domains), age, gender, hallux metatarsal-phalangeal angle, hallux intermetatarsal angle, talocalcaneal angle, calcanean pitch angle and Meary angle. Results Incidence of foot pain was higher in the severely obese group compared with the control group (p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]: 4.2). Functional performance according to the AOFAS scale was lower in obese subjects compared with the control group (p < 0.0001; OR for hindfoot, 4.81; OR for midfoot, 3.33). Conclusion The incidence of foot pain was higher in the group of severely obese patients compared with the control group. According to the AOFAS scale, functional forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot performance was worse in severely obese individuals.

Resumo O que se come e o que se bebe é algo bastante debatido na atualidade. De um lado, temos os entusiastas da alimentação natural, que evitam comida processada e abominam os ultraprocessados. De outro, há os defensores dos alimentos processados e ultraprocessados como parte de uma dieta saudável e nutritiva. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os rastros e captar as mediações em busca das associações criadas pelos e entre os actantes na controvérsia, ocorrida em setembro de 2020, gerada por uma nota técnica do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) sobre revisão do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Analisamos, também, aspectos biopolíticos que emergem nas disputas em torno da alimentação saudável. São mobilizados autores da comunicação, consumo, alimentação, biopolítica e teoria ator-rede (TAR), tendo como metodologia a cartografia das controvérsias (CC), o que permite analisar os actantes, as mediações e os embates entre essas duas visões de mundo em colisão.

Abstract What you eat and what you drink is quite hotly debated nowadays. On one side, we have the natural food enthusiasts, who avoid processed food and abhor ultra-processed food. On the other, there are the advocates of processed and ultra-processed foods as part of a healthy and nutritious diet. The goal of this paper is to examine the tracks and capture the mediations in search of the associations created by and between the actors in the controversy, that occurred in September 2020, which arose from a technical note from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) revealing this body’s plan to revise the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. We also analyzed the biopolitical aspects arising from the disputes surrounding healthy food. Authors on communication, consumption, food, biopolitics and actor-network theory (ANT) are mobilized, using cartography of controversies (CC) as methodology, which enables the analysis of the actors, mediations and the clashes between these two worldviews.

RESUMO: O aumento na deposição de gordura e da conversão alimentar durante a fase de terminação são fatores que implicam diretamente na qualidade da carne e também na rentabilidade da cadeia produtiva. Apesar disso, o abate tardio dos suínos pode resultar em benefícios para o frigorífico, pela redução dos custos operacionais por suíno abatido e melhor utilização dos equipamentos, bem como vantagens econômicas para o produtor resultantes da diluição dos custos de produção. Portanto, a suplementação de cromo na ração de suínos de linhagens com maior potencial para deposição de músculo, é uma estratégia para aumentar a deposição de tecido magro e minimizar a deposição de gordura, refletindo positivamente no desempenho. Em vista disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho, apresentar e discutir os mecanismos de ação, finalidades e resultados recentes de estudos na literatura sobre a suplementação desse modificador de carcaça na ração de suínos em terminação. O principal papel do cromo é potencializar a ação da insulina, facilitando a ligação entre a insulina e os seus receptores na membrana celular. Com isso, as células sensíveis à insulina captam maior quantidade de glicose, que posteriormente serão convertidas em energia. Essa energia adicional pode ser utilizada para aumentar a síntese proteica, aumentando assim, a quantidade de carne magra e reduzindo o teor de gordura na carcaça, sem alterar o consumo de proteína pelos animais. O cromo também diminui a taxa de oxidação lipídica, mantendo a qualidade da carne por mais tempo. Em conclusão, a suplementação dietética de Cr para suínos em terminação mostra que 0,2 mg/kg de fontes orgânicas de Cr para suínos de ~ 60 kg até o abate podem melhorar o desempenho, ganho de massa magra e reduzir o teor de gordura na carcaça. No entanto, o desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia tem permitido o uso de fonte inorgânica de Cr na dose de 0,2 mg/kg de inclusão, melhorando o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação.

ABSTRACT: Increasing fat deposition and feed conversion ratio over the days in finishing phase directly influence pork quality and productive profitability. Nonetheless, the slaughter of heavier pigs can result in benefits for the slaughterhouse due to dilution of production and processing costs, as well as economic benefits for the pig producer resulting from the dilution of production costs. Therefore, dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs of high lean-genotypes is a strategy to increase lean tissue accretion and minimize fat deposition, reflecting positively on growth performance. This review discussed recent studies results and mechanisms of action of this modifier of performance and carcass a traits in finishing pigs. Chromium increases the insulin action, facilitating insulin binding to the receptors on cell membrane. As a result, insulin-sensitive cells uptake more glucose, which will be later converted into energy. This additional energy is use to increase protein synthesis, thereby increasing the amount of lean tissue and reducing fat content in the carcass, without altering protein intake by pigs. Chromium also reduces lipid oxidation rate maintaining meat quality for longer period. In conclusion, dietary Cr supplementation for finishing pigs have shown that 0.2 mg/kg of organic Cr sources for pigs from ~60 kg until the slaughter can improve growth performance, lean gain and reduce fat content in carcass. However, the development of nanotechnology has allowed the use of inorganic Cr source at 0.2 mg/kg of inclusion, leading to improve the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The International Association for the Study of Pain recommends revising the definition of pain to "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or similar to that associated with actual or potential tissue damage." In fact, pain is a personal experience influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological and social factors.1 The pandemic caused by (SARS-CoV-2) exposed health professionals who were not prepared for the unprecedented challenges. Many focused on ventilators, intensive care beds, but others will remain at the forefront of pain management. The aim of this paper was to present a review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain management, in addition to proposing an alternative to the present context, such as telerehabilitation. CONTENTS: This is an integrative review carried out on the databases: LILACS, Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PubCovid and databases dedicated to the publication of Preprints on the COVID-19 theme, such as Psyarxiv and Preprint MedRxiv. In this review we intend to highlight the cognitive, emotional and behavioral impairments related to pain during a pandemic caused by COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The pandemic context and social isolation can negatively interfere in the sensitivity responses and in the treatment of pain, either by the increase in pain events in the population, impacted by social and psychological losses or by the interruption of face-to-face care during a pandemic. At this point, we recommend a gradual advance in addressing current treatment today and propose a future roadmap to face challenges that may arise.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A Associação Internacional para o Estudo da Dor recomendou a revisão da definição de dor para "Uma experiência sensorial e emocional desagradável associada com, ou semelhante àquela associada a dano real ou potencial do tecido”. De fato, a dor é uma experiência pessoal influenciada em vários graus por fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais1. A pandemia provocada pela (SARS-CoV-2) expôs profissionais de saúde que não estavam preparados para os desafios sem precedentes. Muitos se concentraram em ventiladores, leitos de terapia intensiva, mas outros permaneceram na vanguarda do tratamento da dor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão sobre o impacto da pandemia por COVID-19 no tratamento da dor, além da proposição de uma alternativa frente ao presente contexto, como a telereabilitação. CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PubCovid e bases de dados dedicadas a publicação de Preprints sobre a temática COVID-19, como Psyarxiv e Preprint MedRxiv. Na presente revisão pretendemos evidenciar os prejuízos cognitivos, emocionais e comportamentais relacionadas à dor durante a pandemia causada pela COVID-19. CONCLUSÃO: O contexto pandêmico e isolamento social pode interferir negativamente nas respostas de sensibilidade e no tratamento da dor, seja pelo aumento em eventos de dor na população, impactados pelos prejuízos sociais e psicológicos ou pela interrupção do atendimento presencial durante a pandemia. Neste ponto, recomendamos o avanço gradual na abordagem das limitações atuais do tratamento e propomos um roteiro futuro para enfrentar possíveis desafios que possam se apresentar.

Patients and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia, causing, consequently, the impaired quality of life. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of health-related quality of life and disease control. A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), a pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected several sector activities, including people's health. To enhance infection control methods, appropriate interventions, and public health policies, the present study aims to assess the fear and peri-traumatic stress during the Covid-19 in Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from April 12th to 18th using the Peri-Traumatic Distress Scale (CPDI) and the Fear Scale (FCV-19S) aiming to measure the peri-traumatic stress and fear as psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, an online spreadsheet was used to send the questionnaire and scales to a sample of 1844 participants as a collecting information tool. After the data analysis, the individuals were separated into 4 groups: Group 1 (1232) population without chronic health conditions; group 2 (298) patients with previous psychological suffering, group 3 (229) patients with cardiovascular diseases, group 4 (71) patients with diabetes. For analysis, G1 and were considered control for comparison with groups 2, 3 and 4 in accordance with One-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni test. Results: All the groups showed the CPDI and FCV-19S increased in comparison with the G1 group. Concerning CPDI, the G 3 was increased when compared to G1, G2 and G4. The G3 had the FCV-19S higher in comparison with G1, G2 and G4. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed a statistical difference between the control group in comparison with 2 and 3 groups (Mann-Whitney p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Brazilian population, with patients with heart disease and hypertension presenting the highest numbers of stress and fear, with numbers comparable and even higher than those who reported previous psychological distress.