Wistar rats (n=20) were divided in two groups: G1 received 2 mg/kg of GBE (Ginkgo biloba extract 761), whereas G2 received the same volume of a sodium chloride solution (0.9%), both for 10 days. After a 7-day interval, the treatment was repeated for 8 days. Urine volume and food and water intake were measured daily during this protocol. Histological assessments were performed. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in food and water intake of animals during treatment with GBE. Animals who received GBE had a smaller urine volume and increase of weight with a significance difference (p<0.05) during the first and second exposure period. No histological alteration was observed in tissues, except for the kidney of the experimental group, which revealed a higher concentration of red cells in the glomerulus with a strong staining for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The introduction of GBE (therapeutic dose) in health rats may promote alterations in the physiology of the kidney, but no sufficient to modify the glomerulus architecture, including at ultra structural level (electron microscopy).

Dolabelladienotriol is a product extracted from the brown marine alga Dictyota pfaffii from Brazil that has been shown to have antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity. Our studies have evaluated the acute toxicity of dolabelladienotriol in BALB/c mice for ten days after administration of a single dose. Among the parameters considered were behavior, weight, biochemical and histological analyses of blood samples taken at three different times (Bs.0, Bs.1 and Bs.2) and optical microscopic examination of organs like liver, kidney, stomach and small intestine. Mice deaths were not observed at any dose during the ten day period. There were some changes in the biochemical analysis results for urea nitrogen (BUN) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), but the changes were not significantly different from the reference levels of the animals before administration of the substance. Histological analyses of tissues were very similar for all animals. The alterations in liver and kidney tissues did not affect the animals´ behavior at any concentration, not even at 50 mg/kg, where the most significant changes in tissues were seen. This study indicates that dolabelladienotriol has low toxicity in administered dose range.

A alergia alimentar consiste em uma reação adversa que ocorre em pessoas susceptíveis quando ingerem alimentos sensibilizantes, sendo uma das causas das Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (IBD). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo experimental de indução de um processo inflamatório intestinal antígeno-específico em camundongos e ratos. Foi escolhida para a indução deste processo a semente de amendoim. Os animais foram imunizados com o extrato protéico previamente à exposição com a semente in natura. Nossos resultados mostram que a imunização sistêmica com extratos protéicos de amendoim ocasiona títulos significativamente maiores de anticorpos quando comparado ao grupo controle e que os animais imunizados submetidos ao desafio com a dieta contendo exclusivamente amendoim apresentam alterações intestinais tempo-dependente similares àquelas observadas na doença celíaca. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que este modelo experimental constitui uma ferramenta conveniente para avaliar as alterações no processo inflamatório intestinal crônico antígeno-específico

Food allergy is an adverse reaction that occurs in susceptible people when they eat sensitizing foods and is one of the causes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The effort to understand the induction process of these diseases is important as IBD is increasing worldwide, including in Brazil. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental antigen specific inflammatory process of the gut of mice and rats, using peanut seeds. Animals were immunized with peanut protein extract before their exposure to the in natura peanut seeds. Results showed that systemic immunization with peanut protein extracts rendered significantly higher antibody titers than control groups and that immunized animals submitted to a challenge diet containing peanuts presented time dependent alterations of the gut similar to celiac disease. In conclusion, results suggested that this experimental model was a convenient tool to study the evolution of alterations in chronic antigen specific gut inflammatory process.

OBJETIVO: Apesar da evolução das técnicas cirúrgicas que permitiram a padronização do transplante cardíaco e da descoberta dos imunossupressores, ainda hoje, a rejeição, os efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos e o processo de vasculopatia crônica são os principais problemas nos pós-transplantados. A procura por alternativas para superar estes impedimentos é o objetivo principal deste trabalho. Assim, foram realizados experimentos para determinar se a tolerância oral pode interferir no transplante cardíaco. MÉTODO: Camundongos C57BI/6J e C3H/HEJ, machos adultos foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo denominado tolerante recebeu amendoim ad libitum na dieta por sete dias, enquanto o grupo imune foi mantido com uma dieta convencional para murinos. Ambos foram imunizados com 100 mg de extrato protéico derivado do amendoim por via sc. O transplante de coração de BAL/C recém-nato, de 24h, foi depositado no tecido subcutâneo das orelhas dos animais de ambos os grupos, com ou sem imunização concomitante do antígeno alimentar. RESULTADOS: Confirmamos que a administração de proteínas por via oral é capaz de induzir tolerância sistêmica, uma vez que os grupos tolerantes apresentam títulos de anticorpos específicos ao amendoim mais baixos que os grupos imunes. O coração transplantado apresentou-se mais preservado no grupo de animais C3H/HEJ tolerantes que foram desafiados concomitantemente com o antígeno da dieta do que os demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi determinado que os mecanismos de tolerância oral interferem no processo de rejeição de transplantes cardíacos alogênicos avasculares para a orelha de camundongos adultos, no entanto, de maneira não homogênea. Como os mecanismos de tolerância oral que alteram o sistema imunológico de modo a reduzir a rejeição ainda não foram esclarecidos, são precisos mais trabalhos nesta linha de pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: Although the development of surgical techniques and the discovery of immune-suppressors permitted heart transplantation to be accepted as a widespread treatment for terminally ill patients, rejection, complications due to these drugs and the chronic vasculopathies continue to be majority problems. The search for alternatives to supplant these impediments by performing avascular allogeneic heart transplants from newborn BALB/C mice (24h old) to the subcutaneous tissue of the ears of adult male C57BI/6J and C3H/HEJ mice to evaluate the interference of systemic oral tolerance on the rejection mechanisms are our main goal. METHOD: Adult, male C57BI/6 e C3H/HEJ were divided in two groups. The tolerant group received peanuts ad libitum for one week in the diet while the immune group continued to eat mouse chow. Both groups were immunized sc with 100mg of peanut extract. The transplanted newborn BALB/C hearts were deposited of into the subcutaneous tissue of the ears of tolerant and immune mice in the presence or not of concomitant immunization to peanut protein. RESULTS: We demonstrated that feeding proteins induces systemic tolerance since animals of both strains that ate the seeds before being immunized had lower systemic antibodies than immune animals. Tolerant C3H/HEJ mice with concomitant administration of the tolerogenic antigen presented a more preserved transplanted heart than all other groups. CONCLUSION: Although not homegeneously, the immunoregulatory mecanisms of oral tolerance modified the rejection process of alogenic avascular heart transplant to the ear of adult mice. As these mecanisms are not yet well understood more work needs to be done in this field.